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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2017 Altair Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR)Draft Environmental Impact ReportSCH No. 2014111029 Prepared forCity of Temecula May 2016 ALTAIR SPECIFIC PLAN ALTAIR SPECIFIC PLAN Draft Environmental Impact Report SCH No. 2014111029 Prepared for May 2016 City of Temecula 626 Wilshire Boulevard Suite 1100 Los Angeles, CA 90017 213.599.4300 www.esassoc.com Irvine Oakland Orlando Palm Springs Pasadena Petaluma Portland Sacramento San Diego San Francisco Santa Monica Seattle Tampa Woodland Hills 140106 TABLE OF CONTENTS Altair Specific Plan EIR Page Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. S-1 1. Introduction .....................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Purpose ...................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Project Background .................................................................................................1-1 1.3 CEQA EIR Process .................................................................................................1-2 1.4 Organization of this Draft EIR .................................................................................1-3 2. Project Description .........................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Project Objectives ...................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Project Characteristics ............................................................................................2-3 2.4 Discretionary Approvals ....................................................................................... 2-30 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics ............................................................................................................ 3.1-1 3.2 Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 3.2-1 3.3 Biological Resources ........................................................................................... 3.3-1 3.4 Cultural Resources .............................................................................................. 3.4-1 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity ............................................................................ 3.5-1 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change ............................................. 3.6-1 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials...................................................................... 3.7-1 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality .............................................................................. 3.8-1 3.9 Land Use and Planning ....................................................................................... 3.9-1 3.10 Noise and Vibration ........................................................................................... 3.10-1 3.11 Population and Housing .................................................................................... 3.11-1 3.12 Public Services .................................................................................................. 3.12-1 3.13 Transportation and Traffic ................................................................................. 3.13-1 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment ............................................................ 3.14-1 4. Cumulative Impacts ........................................................................................................4-1 4.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Cumulative Projects ................................................................................................4-1 4.3 Description of Cumulative Effects ...........................................................................4-5 5. Alternatives .....................................................................................................................5-1 5.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Project Alternatives .................................................................................................5-4 5.3 Impact Analysis .......................................................................................................5-8 5.4 Environmentally Superior Alternative ................................................................... 5-17 6. Other CEQA Considerations .........................................................................................6-1 6.1 Growth Inducing Impacts ........................................................................................6-1 6.2 Significant Irreversible Environmental Changes .....................................................6-3 6.3 Significant Unavoidable Impacts .............................................................................6-4 6.4 Environmental Effects Found Not to be Significant ................................................6-5 Altair Specific Plan i ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Table of Contents Page 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers ........................................................................7-1 7.1 Acronyms Used in this Report ................................................................................7-1 7.2 References ........................................................................................................... 7-10 7.3 Report Preparers .................................................................................................. 7-25 Appendices A. Initial Study and Notice of Preparation B. Air Quality / Greenhouse Gas Analysis Worksheets C. MSHCP Consistency Report C1. Species Table C2. Linkage 10 Assessment Memo C3. Acreage Consistency Analysis D. Cultural Resources Assessment Reports [Confidential] E. Geotechnical Investigation F. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment G. Water Quality Management Plan H. Noise Analysis Worksheets I. Traffic Impact Analysis J. Water Supply Assessment K. Preliminary Drainage Study L. Tribal Consultation Letters M. Jurisdictional Delineation Report Figures 2-1 Project Location Map ..............................................................................................2-2 2-2 Land Use Plan .........................................................................................................2-5 2-3 Proposed Zoning .....................................................................................................2-6 2-4 Pedestrian and Bicycle Circulation ...................................................................... 2-15 2-5 Circulation Plan .................................................................................................... 2-17 2-6 Drainage Plan....................................................................................................... 2-20 2-7 Domestic Water Plan ........................................................................................... 2-22 2-8 Reclaimed Water .................................................................................................. 2-24 2-9 Sewer Plan ........................................................................................................... 2-26 2-10 Phasing Plan ........................................................................................................ 2-28 3.1-1 Viewpoint Location Map ...................................................................................... 3.1-8 3.1-2 KOP 1, City Hall Looking West ........................................................................... 3.1-9 3.1-3 KOP 2, Rancho California Road at I-15, Looking Southwest ........................... 3.1-10 3.1-4 KOP 3, Old Town Front Street and Moreno Road, Looking Southwest ........... 3.1-11 3.1-5 KOP 4, Old Town Front Street and 6th Street, Looking West .......................... 3.1-12 3.1-6 KOP 5, Main Street Bridge, Looking West ........................................................ 3.1-13 3.1-7 KOP 6, 1st Street between Old Town Front Street and Pujol Road, Looking West ................................................................................................ 3.1-14 3.1-8 KOP 7, Santiago Road at I-15, Looking West .................................................. 3.1-15 3.3-1 MSHCP Proposed Linkages ............................................................................. 3.3-21 3.3-2 MSHCP Subunits .............................................................................................. 3.3-25 3.3-3 MSHCP Criteria Cells and Cell Group .............................................................. 3.3-26 3.3-4 Linkages near the Project Site .......................................................................... 3.3-46 3.3-5 Corridor Designer Output .................................................................................. 3.3-51 3.5-1 Major Faults ......................................................................................................... 3.5-3 3.10-1 Effects of Noise on People ................................................................................ 3.10-2 3.10-2 Noise Monitoring Locations ............................................................................... 3.10-7 3.13-1 Intersection and Roadway Segment Analysis Locations .................................. 3.13-2 4-1 Cumulative Projects ................................................................................................4-3 Altair Specific Plan ii ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Table of Contents Page Tables S-1 Specific Plan Acreage ............................................................................................ S-4 S-2 Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................... S-10 2-1 Specific Plan Acreage by Use .................................................................................2-4 2-2 Proposed Residential Zone, Density, and Intensity by Village Area ................... 2-11 2-3 Proposed Use Regulations by Zone .................................................................... 2-11 2-4 Proposed Development Regulations ................................................................... 2-13 3.2-1 Air Quality Data Summary (2011–2013) ............................................................. 3.2-6 3.2-2 South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status ........................................................... 3.2-7 3.2-3 Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants ......................................... 3.2-9 3.2-4 SCAQMD Regional Air Quality Significance Thresholds .................................. 3.2-16 3.2-5 SCAQMD Localized Significance Thresholds................................................... 3.2-16 3.2-6 Proposed Regional Construction Emissions..................................................... 3.2-21 3.2-7 Proposed Project Unmitigated Operational Emissions ..................................... 3.2-22 3.2-8 Proposed Project Mitigated Operational Emissions ......................................... 3.2-23 3.2-9 Peak Hourly Traffic Volumes ............................................................................ 3.2-25 3.2-10 Proposed Project Unmitigated Localized Daily Construction Emissions .......... 3.2-26 3.2-11 Proposed Project Mitigated Localized PM2.5 Emissions ................................. 3.2-27 3.2-12 Proposed Project Localized Operational Emissions ......................................... 3.2-28 3.3-1 Existing Vegetation Community Acreages within the Project Area .................... 3.3-8 3.3-2 Special-Status Plant Species Potential Occurrence within the Vicinity of the Project Area .................................................................................................. 3.3-12 3.3-3 Special-Status Wildlife Species Potential Occurrence within the Vicinity of the Project Area ............................................................................................ 3.3-15 3.3-4 Wetlands and Waters of the US (USACE) / State Of California (RWQCB) ..... 3.3-19 3.3-5 California Department of Fish And Wildlife Jurisdictional Streambed and MSHCP Riparian/Riverine Resources ......................................................... 3.3-20 3.3-6 MSHCP Conservation Criteria .......................................................................... 3.3-27 3.3-7 Mitigation for Impacts to CDFW & Riparian/Riverine Resources ..................... 3.3-42 3.3-8 Proposed Project Impacts to Vegetation Communities .................................... 3.3-44 3.3-9 Consistency of the Project with the City of Temecula General Plan Policies .. 3.3-56 3.3-10 Rough Step Consistency................................................................................... 3.3-59 3.4-1 Cultural Resources within One Mile of the Project Area................................... 3.4-13 3.6-1 Estimated Total Construction-Related GHG Emissions ................................... 3.6-14 3.6-2 Estimated Construction and Operations-Related GHG Emissions .................. 3.6-16 3.7-1 Federal Laws and Regulations Related to Hazardous Materials Management ................................................................ 3.7-4 3.8-1 Water Quality Objectives for Inland Surface Waters within the Murrieta Hydrologic Area ................................................................................ 3.8-2 3.8-2 Beneficial Uses of Surface Water Bodies within the Project Area ..................... 3.8-2 3.8-3 303(d) Impaired Waterbodies within the Project Area ........................................ 3.8-3 3.8-4 Projected Potable Water Supply and Demand Normal Water Year ................... 3.8-4 3.8-5 Potential Construction BMPs ............................................................................ 3.8-22 3.8-6 Typical Source Control Best Management Practices ....................................... 3.8-27 3.8-7 Typical Treatment Control Best Management Practices .................................. 3.8-28 3.9-1 Land Use Designations in the Project Area ........................................................ 3.9-5 3.9-2 Summary of Zoning Districts and Corresponding Land Use Designation .......... 3.9-6 3.9-3 Consistency of the Project with SCAG Policies ................................................ 3.9-10 3.9-4 Consistency of the Project with the City of Temecula General Plan Policies .. 3.9-11 3.10-1 Existing Noise Environments Surrounding the Project Site .............................. 3.10-8 3.10-2 Existing Roadway Noise Levels ........................................................................ 3.10-9 3.10-3 Construction Vibration Damage Criteria ......................................................... 3.10-10 3.10-4 Community Noise Exposure (Ldn or CNEL) ................................................... 3.10-12 Altair Specific Plan iii ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Table of Contents Page Tables (cont.) 3.10-5 Temecula Land Use / Noise Standards .......................................................... 3.10-13 3.10-6 City of Temecula Noise/Land Use Compatibility Matrix.................................. 3.10-14 3.10-7 Typical Construction Noise Levels .................................................................. 3.10-22 3.10-8 Typical Noise Levels from Construction Equipment ....................................... 3.10-23 3.10-9 Exceedance of City Construction Noise Standards Based on Distance ........ 3.10-24 3.10-10 Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment ..................................... 3.10-27 3.10-11 Roadway Noise Levels With Project ............................................................... 3.10-33 3.10-12 Future (2025) With Project Roadway Noise Levels ........................................ 3.10-36 3.11-1 Population Estimates and Projections .............................................................. 3.11-1 3.11-2 Housing Units in Temecula by Type: 2014 ....................................................... 3.11-2 3.11-3 Household Trends in Temecula City ................................................................. 3.11-3 3.12-1 Fire Stations ...................................................................................................... 3.12-2 3.12-2 Existing TVUSD Schools Serving the Project Area .......................................... 3.12-3 3.12-3 Public Parks Serving the Project Area .............................................................. 3.12-5 3.12-4 Generation Rates for the Proposed Project .................................................... 3.12-13 3.12-5 Existing Library Facilities and Book Supplies ................................................. 3.12-15 3.13-1 Analyzed Roadway Segments – Existing (2015) Conditions ........................... 3.13-1 3.13-2 Planned Bike Lanes within the Study Area ....................................................... 3.13-5 3.13-3 Level of Service Descriptions ............................................................................ 3.13-6 3.13-4 Roadway Segment Thresholds ......................................................................... 3.13-7 3.13-5 Intersection Level of Service: Existing (2015) Conditions ................................ 3.13-8 3.13-6 Roadway Segment Level of Service: Existing (2015) Conditions .................... 3.13-9 3.13-7 Project Trip Generation Estimates .................................................................. 3.13-14 3.13-8 Intersection Level of Service – Existing (2015) plus Project Conditions ........ 3.13-16 3.13-9 Comparison of Existing vs. Existing plus Project ............................................ 3.13-17 3.13-10 Roadway Segment Level of Service (LOS) – Existing plus Project Conditions ................................................................. 3.13-21 3.13-11 Intersection Level of Service – Opening year (2025) Conditions ................... 3.13-23 3.13-12 Roadway Segment Level of Service (LOS) – Opening Year (2025) Conditions ................................................................................................... 3.13-25 3.13-13 Intersection Level of Service – General Plan Build Out (2035) Conditions .... 3.13-28 3.13-14 Roadway Segment Level of Service (LOS) – General Plan Build Out (2035) Conditions ................................................. 3.13-30 3.14-1 RCWD Existing and Projected Water Supplies ................................................ 3.14-2 3.14-2 Existing and Projected Average Water Demands in the RCWD ...................... 3.14-3 3.14-3 RCWD’s Wastewater Generation by Land Use Classification ......................... 3.14-4 3.14-4 Estimated Future Wastewater Flows .............................................................. 3.14-11 3.14-5 Projected Potable Water Supply and Demand Normal Water Year ............... 3.14-15 3.14-6 Total Estimated RCWD Minimum Water Supply for Next Three Years Based on Driest 3-Year History .................................................................. 3.14-16 3.14-7 Solid Waste Generation Estimates for commercial Construction ................... 3.14-17 4-1 Planned and Approved Projects in the Project Area ..............................................4-4 4-2 Cumulative Roadway Noise Impacts ................................................................... 4-13 4-3 Projected Potable Water Supply and Demand Normal Water Year .................... 4-18 5-1 Summary of Alternative 2 Development Potential ..................................................5-6 5-2 Ability of Alternatives to Meet Project Objectives ...................................................5-7 5-3 Impact Summary Comparison of Alternatives to the Project ............................... 5-18 Altair Specific Plan iv ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY S.1 Introduction The City of Temecula (City) has prepared this Draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) to provide the public and responsible and trustee agencies information about the potential effects on the local and regional environment associated with construction and operation of the proposed Altair Specific Plan Project (project, or Altair). This Draft EIR has been prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). This Draft EIR is being circulated to local, state and federal agencies, and to interested organizations and individuals who may wish to review and comment on the document. Publication of this Draft EIR marks the beginning of a 45-day public review period (public review period ends June 17, 2016), during which written comments may be directed to the City of Temecula at the address below. Comments on the project should be directed to: Matt Peters Associate Planner City of Temecula Planning Department 41000 Main Street Temecula, CA 92590 matt.peters@cityoftemecula.org (e-mail) (951) 694-6400 (phone) S.2 Background The project site is located west of Pujol Street near Old Town Temecula. City limits form the western boundary of the project site. The northern parcel, which comprises the primary project area, is approximately 215 acres that roughly spans the area between Ridge Park Drive on the north and Temecula Parkway on the south. The southern parcel is approximately 55 acres and is located south of future Temecula Parkway/Western Bypass. Both parcels are currently undeveloped and have experienced minimal disturbance, with the exception of the two graded pads at the north end of the site. The project area consists of a natural bench at the base of the Santa Rosa Mountains separated by natural ravines with sage scrub and chaparral as the dominant vegetation communities. Non-native grassland occurs in the lower, flatter areas of the site, primarily along the eastern boundary. A portion of Murrieta Creek is adjacent to the eastern boundary of the project, and the site is located within the Murrieta Creek Altair Specific Plan S-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary and Santa Rosa Plateau subunits of the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan’s (MSCHP’s) Southwest Area Plan. The project site is largely surrounded by undeveloped, natural land, with undeveloped land abutting the property to the south; undeveloped land and the foothills of Santa Rosa Mountains to the west; and undeveloped land immediately adjacent to the north. Urban development, consisting primarily of multi-family and single-family residential uses along Pujol Street, is located adjacent to the project site to the east. Business parks exist to the northeast of the project site along Ridge Park Drive. The Old Town commercial district is located a little farther east of the project site, beyond the residential and office uses. There are five existing General Plan land use designations for the project site, including Industrial Park (IP), combination Open Space (OS) and IP, Medium-Density Residential (M), High Density Residential (H), and Hillside Residential (HR). Implementation of the project would require a General Plan Amendment, which would modify the City’s existing General Plan Land Use Policy Map and sections in the Land Use and Circulation Elements to accommodate the proposed residential villages, institutional/civic uses, and the Western Bypass alignment. Additionally, there are currently four zoning districts within the project site, including Business Park (BP), combination Open Space (OS) and BP, Westside Specific Plan (SP-8), and Hillside Residential (HR). Upon approval of the project, the design standards and regulations outlined in the Altair Specific Plan would replace the existing zoning on the project site, resulting in the project’s zoning being consistent with the General Plan. The applicant, Ambient Communities, filed an application with the City of Temecula for the preparation of the Altair Specific Plan, which would serve as the regulatory document and planning instrument for the future development of the 270-acre land parcel west of the Old Town planning area in the City of Temecula. The application includes the request for approval of a General Plan Amendment, Tentative Tract Map, and Development Agreement. The project site was the subject of one previous specific plan, the Westside Specific Plan, which was approved by the City in 1995. The Westside Specific Plan proposed a mixed use development that would include 50,000 square feet of special event commercial (allowing tourist and hotel uses), 45,000 square feet of neighborhood commercial, and 20,000 square feet of mixed-use space as well as up to 302 dwelling units and approximately 80 gross acres of open space. The Western Bypass is a proposed four-lane thoroughfare along the western boundary of the project that would allow through-traffic to bypass Old Town Temecula and help relieve traffic congestion. It would link Temecula Parkway and the future approved bridge over Murrieta Creek to Rancho California Road via Vincent Moraga Road. The Western Bypass is a project feature and would be constructed as part of the development. The Western Bypass was initially identified in the City’s 1991 General Plan and is currently reflected in the Circulation Element of the City’s 2005 General Plan and EIR (SCH No. 2003061041). This EIR analyzes the impacts of the Western Bypass on the environment, and compares the impact of the currently approved alignment with the project’s proposed alignment. The future bridge over Murrieta Creek would be constructed by the developer of Altair along with the Altair Specific Plan S-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary construction of the Western Bypass as proposed, to complete the connection of the Western Bypass with Temecula Parkway. However, the environmental analysis in this EIR does not include impacts associated with the future bridge over Murrieta Creek as these impacts were previously analyzed in an approved Final Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration (City of Temecula, 2009; SCH No. 2009061038) which is incorporated, herein, by reference. A General Plan Amendment for the proposed project alignment is being requested by the project applicant. A Community Facilities District is proposed to fund the Western Bypass and other public improvements. S.3 Project Objectives The primary objectives for this project are to: • Plan and implement a project that is consistent with the goals and policies of the City of Temecula General Plan. (A General Plan Amendment to the Circulation Element is needed to achieve these goals and policies.) • Balance the need for local infrastructure improvement and demand for new housing in and around Old Town while minimizing physical and visual impacts to the hillside escarpment, wildlife movement, and conservation areas. • Develop a high-quality residential component on the project site that focuses on providing diverse housing types and a wide range of densities that would serve a variety of age groups and household sizes, support the commercial enterprises of Old Town Temecula, help to fulfill the city’s regional housing needs, and foster a unique community identity where each neighborhood is unique, vibrant, diverse, and inclusive. • Create a project that reduces dependency on the automobile and encourages the use of an extensive multi-use trail system that would link neighborhood villages and community- wide uses within the project and to Old Town Temecula. • Provide for limited/incidental neighborhood-oriented commercial uses to serve the needs of the project’s residents, such as coffee shop, ice cream store, or small restaurants. • Promote design that minimizes water usage by using a relatively drought-tolerant landscape palette, clustered development, and attractive community spaces rather than traditional water-intensive private lawns. • Provide water quality management facilities that are incorporated within the landscape features and designed to create settings that mimic the natural hillside attributes. • Establish an efficient, interconnected multi-modal transportation network that includes a Western Bypass Corridor and vehicular, transit/trolley, and pedestrian/bikeway circulation systems that would improve center-of-city traffic conditions. • Provide public amenities close to Old Town Temecula that include a park in the center of the project, plazas, trails, a play field, and an elementary school accommodating 600-730 students, which further diversify and contribute to the Old Town’s amenities. Altair Specific Plan S-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary • Provide for a civic site of adequate size that accommodates up to 450,000 building square feet for an educational, institutional, or other business use for the benefit of the public, and be integrated into the overall project design in a way that maximizes compatibility with other proposed land uses within the Specific Plan, and provides a strong visual connection and close access to Interstate 15. S.4 Project Description Altair is primarily a residential mixed-use development with supporting civic uses and open space. Different housing types are proposed to meet the needs of a range of age groups and household sizes. The project is located to take advantage of the shopping, dining, and entertainment venues of Old Town and is designed to encourage a strong pedestrian connection to both Old Town and planned open space within the development. Altair proposes a type of form-based code using building types clustered in villages as the organizing principle. Housing types will include: detached housing; multi-plex; rowhouse; live/work; multifamily walk-up; multifamily podium; micro-unit; and mixed-use. These building types are assigned to seven neighborhood “villages” which, in turn, are overlaid with one of three proposed residential zones (Residential Zone [SP-R], Mixed-Use/Residential [SP-MR], or Mixed-Use [SP-M]), in combination with an active open space zone (SP-AO). All residential uses would allow a small amount of accessory commercial use to support the neighborhood. Table S-1 shows the acreage breakdown of the land uses for the project. Each village is centered on a node or focal point separated by landscape terrain. The open space between the villages preserves the existing appearance of ravines extending from the upper hillside through the development, allowing similar drainage patterns and maintaining existing views. The villages are connected by an extensive network of pedestrian and bicycle paths. TABLE S-1 SPECIFIC PLAN ACREAGE Use Acres Conservation Open Space 84.63 Residential / Mixed-Use (Villages A-G) 82.30 Community Recreation / Mixed Use 2.09 Open Space and Parks 42.71 Elementary School 7.06 South Parcel* (civic use – development area only) 18.78 Roadways 33.33 Total 270.90 *The South Parcel, as defined in this EIR, is approximately 55 gross acres in size. The development area would be approximately 19 acres, resulting in an approximately 10-acre buildable footprint after site preparation. The balance of the South Parcel would be placed in conservation open space. SOURCE: Draft Altair Specific Plan Altair Specific Plan S-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary Altair would be developed in three phases over an approximate 10-year time frame, with the phased construction of streets, utilities and other infrastructure, as needed, for each respective phase. It is anticipated that development would start at the north end of the project and proceed southerly. Initial construction is anticipated to begin within 12 months of project approval by the City of Temecula. See Chapter 2, Project Description, for a detailed description of the project. S.5 Areas of Controversy Section 15123 (b)(2) of the CEQA Guidelines requires that an EIR summary identify areas of controversy known to the Lead Agency, including issues raised by other agencies and the public. On November 13, 2014, in accordance with Sections 15063 and 15082 of the CEQA Guidelines, the City published an Initial Study/Notice of Preparation (IS/NOP) of a Draft EIR, and circulated it to governmental agencies, organizations, and persons who may be interested in this project, including nearby landowners, homeowners, and tenants. The IS/NOP requested comments on the scope of the Draft EIR, and asked that those agencies with regulatory authority over any aspect of the project to describe that authority. The comment period extended through December 15, 2014. The NOP provided a general description of the project area, a description of the proposed action, and a preliminary list of potential environmental impacts. On December 3, 2014, in accordance with CEQA Section 21083.9,1 the City sponsored a public scoping meeting to obtain comments from interested parties on the scope of the Draft EIR. The purpose of the meeting was to present the project to the public through use of display maps, diagrams and a presentation describing the project components and potential environmental impacts. City staff and members of the local community attended the scoping meeting. Attendees were provided an opportunity to voice comments or concerns regarding potential effects of the project. The following list provides the key issues raised during the NOP comment period (see Appendix A): • Scope of the air quality and greenhouse gases impact analysis • Scope of the traffic impact analysis and potential traffic impacts of the proposed project • Impacts to public services and utilities, including the adequacy of water supply for the project, ability to provide sewer service, and rights-of way issues • Impacts to hydrology, water supply and water quality • Impacts to Native American cultural resources and outreach with the Native American tribes in the area • Biological resources, including impacts to drainages, habitat and species within the Western Riverside Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) and the wildlife movement corridor between the Santa Ana Mountains and Murrieta Creek 1 CEQA Section 21083.9 requires that a lead agency call at least one scoping meeting for a project of statewide, regional, or area-wide significance. Altair Specific Plan S-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary This Draft EIR addresses each of the aforementioned areas of concern or controversy in detail; examines project-related and cumulative environmental impacts, identifies significant adverse environmental impacts, proposes mitigation measures designed to reduce or eliminate potentially significant impacts, and identifies residual impacts after mitigation measures are identified. S.6 Summary of Impacts The analysis contained in this Draft EIR uses the words “significant” and “less than significant” in the discussion of impacts. These terms specifically define the degree of impact in relation to thresholds used to determine significance of impact identified in each environmental impact section of this Draft EIR. As required by CEQA, mitigation measures have been included in this Draft EIR to avoid or substantially reduce the level of significant impacts. Certain significant impacts, even with the inclusion of mitigation measures, cannot be reduced to a level below significance. Such impacts are identified as “significant and unavoidable impacts.” Table S-1 at the end of this chapter presents a summary of the impact statements, identified mitigation measures, and level of impact remaining after mitigation. A complete discussion of impacts and mitigation measures is presented in Chapter 3, Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures. The level of significance for each impact was determined using significance criteria (thresholds) developed for each category of impacts; these criteria are presented in the appropriate sections of Chapter 3. Significant impacts are those adverse environmental impacts that meet or exceed the significance thresholds. Less-than-Significant Impacts As presented in more detail in Chapter 3, Environmental Setting, Impacts and Mitigation Measures, all impacts in the following topical areas were found to be less than significant: • Geology, Soils, and Seismicity • Population and Housing • Public Services • Utilities and Water Supply Assessment Significant Impacts Impacts in the following topical areas were found to be significant, but mitigation measures are available that would reduce the potential impacts to a less-than-significant level: • Aesthetics • Biological Resources • Cultural Resources • Hazards and Hazardous Materials • Land Use and Planning • Hydrology and Water Quality Altair Specific Plan S-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary Significant and Unavoidable Impacts CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.2(b) requires a discussion of any significant impacts that “cannot be avoided if the proposed project is implemented.” Based upon the analysis in Chapter 3, the following issue areas would have significant and unavoidable impacts after implementation of project mitigation measures (see Sections 3.2, 3.10 and 3.13 for details): • Air Quality (project and cumulative level) • Greenhouse Gas Emissions (cumulative level) • Noise and Vibration (project and cumulative level) • Transportation and Traffic (project and cumulative level) When a project is determined to have significant impacts after mitigation, the decision makers must then evaluate whether the benefits of the project outweigh the significant effects to the environment. If this is the case, a Statement of Overriding Considerations is required for the project, in accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section 15093. S.7 Analysis of Alternatives Three alternatives are analyzed in Chapter 5 of this document. These three alternatives are summarized, as follows: Alternative 1: No Project/No Development Alternative This alternative is analyzed within this EIR as it is required under CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.6(e). According to Section 15126.6(e)(2) of the CEQA Guidelines, the “no project” analysis shall discuss “…what is reasonably expected to occur in the foreseeable future if the project were not approved, based on current plans and consistent with available infrastructure and community services.” This alternative represents a “no build” scenario in which no future development would occur. The No Project/No Development Alternative assumes that the Altair Specific Plan would not be adopted and implemented. Instead, the planning area would be left in its current undeveloped and mostly undisturbed state. Alternative 2: No Project/Existing Specific Plan Alternative Under this alternative, the project site would be developed with the Westside Villages Specific Plan (SP-8), per the existing zoning designation. The Westside Villages Specific Plan would involve development of a 154.1-acre area, which is a smaller area than the project site for the proposed project and would not include the 55-acre South Parcel that would include a civic use and is located roughly to the south of Camino Estribo. Under this alternative, the project site would be bisected by the Western Bypass and divided into five separate planning areas (A-E) that each have a separate land use; however, it would not be developed with the ‘villages’ concept that Altair Specific Plan S-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary is proposed under the project. Planning Area A is located in the center of the project site, closest to Old Town. This area would allow up to 50,000 square feet for a “Wild West,” open-air arena and a hotel. Planning Area B, which is located at the intersection of First Street and the Western Bypass, and is designated for neighborhood commercial uses, would allow up to 45,000 square feet for local-serving retail uses, such as a small market or drug store. Planning Area C, which is located in the southern portion of the project site, would allow up to 302 high-density residential uses. The Mixed Use designation of Planning Area D, which is located in the northern section of the Specific Plan area, is intended to act as a transitional area between the special event uses of the Specific Plan and the existing office and business park uses located to the north of the Specific Plan area. As such, Planning Area D would allow 20,000 square feet for service commercial, office, and light industrial uses. Planning Area E, which would be west of the Western Bypass would be designated for approximately 80 gross acres of open space and would remain undeveloped. The project would also provide for pedestrian connectivity between the various planning areas and Old Town. Although this alternative would allow for more commercial development (120,000 square feet versus the maximum 22,000 square feet proposed as part of the project), overall, it would represent a reduced project alternative to the proposed project due to the significantly fewer residential units that would be developed, and the absence of the civic use and elementary school; the intent being to reduce potential impacts to air quality, transportation, and climate change. Alternative 3: Relocate Civic Use Alternative Under this alternative, the proposed project would maintain most of the project elements including the eight residential villages with the proposed residential densities, a small amount of neighborhood-serving commercial uses, the educational/institutional use, and the extension of the Western Bypass along the proposed alignment. However, under this alternative, the educational/institutional use (e.g., college) would be relocated from the proposed South Parcel to the area of the proposed elementary school site (Village C); and the elementary school eliminated from the project. The intent of this alternative is to reduce potential impacts to biological and cultural resources; namely, for biological resources, the restricted wildlife corridor widths associated with Proposed Linkages 10 and 13; and, for cultural resources, the National-register- listed Origin Landscape Traditional Cultural Property (TCP), and an archaeological site located on the South Parcel. Environmentally Superior Alternative An EIR must identify the environmentally superior alternative. The No Project/No Development Alternative (Alternative 1) would be environmentally superior to the proposed project based on the minimization or avoidance of physical environmental impacts. However, the No Project/No Development Alternative does not meet any of the project objectives. In addition, CEQA Guidelines (Section 15126.6(c)) require that, if the environmentally superior alternative is the No Project Alternative (No Development), the EIR shall also identify an environmentally superior alternative among the other alternatives. Altair Specific Plan S-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary A summary comparison of the potential impacts associated with the alternatives and the proposed project is provided in Table 5-3. Based on this comparison, Alternative 2 (No Project/Existing Specific Plan Alternative) is the environmentally superior alternative by reducing or avoiding significant environmental effects. However, Alternative 2 fails to meet several of the project objectives, as noted in Table 5-2. Altair Specific Plan S-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Aesthetics Impact AES-1: The project would create a new source of light and glare throughout the project area. Mitigation Measure MM-AES-1: The following light and glare standards shall be applied to all development within the project area: • Temporary nighttime construction lighting shall be shielded and directed downward such that no light spillage will occur on adjacent properties. • The applicant shall ensure that all outdoor lighting fixtures in public areas contain “sharp cut-off” fixtures, and shall be fitted with flat glass and internal and external shielding. • The applicant shall ensure that site lighting systems shall be grouped into control zones to allow for opening, closing, and night light/security lighting schemes. All control groups shall be controlled by an automatic lighting system utilizing a time clock, photocell, and low voltage relays. • The applicant shall ensure that design and layout of the development shall take advantage of landscaping, onsite architectural massing, and off–site architectural massing to block light sources and reflection from cars. • The use of highly reflective construction materials on exterior wall surfaces shall be prohibited. • Prior to the issuance of construction permits for any phase of the project that includes outdoor lighting, the applicant shall submit an outdoor lighting plan and photometric plan to be reviewed and approved by the City of Temecula. The lighting plan shall be in compliance with Ordinance No. 655 as adopted by the Riverside County Board of Supervisors and shall include, but not be limited to, the following information and standards: o Light fixtures shall not exceed 4,050 lumens. o Light fixtures shall be fully shielded so that light rays emitted by the fixtures are projected below the horizontal plan passing through the lowest point of the shield. o A map showing all lamp locations, orientations, and intensities, including security, roadway, and task lighting. o Specification of each light fixture and each light shield. o Total estimated outdoor lighting footprint, expressed as lumens per acre. o Specification of motion sensors and other controls to be used, especially for security lighting. • The City shall conduct a post-installation inspection to ensure that the development is in compliance with the design standards in Altair Specific Plan, Mitigation Measure MM-AES-1 and Riverside County Ordinance No. 655. Less than Significant Air Quality Impact AQ-1: Operational activities occurring after the buildout of the project would violate air quality standards or contribute substantially to any existing or projected air quality violation. Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1a: No wood burning fireplaces shall be included in the residential units. Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1b: The lease or purchase agreements for all non-residential units shall include the following: a) Required use of low VOC cleaning supplies in all buildings. b) Required use of low VOC architectural coatings. Architectural coatings shall be 150 grams per liter or less for both interior and exterior coatings applied as part of building maintenance and upkeep. Significant and Unavoidable Altair Specific Plan S-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation c) Employers shall allow alternative work weeks, flextime, telecommuting, and/or work-at-home programs as appropriate to the business developed. (non-quantifiable) Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1c: All residential and non-residential properties shall be equipped with exterior electrical outlets such that a minimum of 10 percent of landscape equipment can be electrically operated. Landscape contracts for all multi-family residential and non-residential buildings shall include a mandatory requirement stipulating that a minimum of 10 percent of all landscape equipment used onsite would be electrically operated. Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1d: All residential and non-residential buildings shall be constructed such that they meet one of the following conditions: a) Buildings shall implement energy efficiency standards that exceed the 2013 Title 24 standards by 15 percent; or b) Project design shall include onsite renewable energy, for example the incorporation of solar panels into project development, such that 9 percent of the onsite energy consumption is offset. Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1e: The lease or purchase agreements for all multi-family residential and non- residential units shall: a) Require that transit routes be posted in common areas of multi-family residential buildings and employee/student areas for non-residential buildings. Additionally, building management shall encourage a ride-share program within the specific plan area such that employees as well as residents have more access to car-pooling opportunities. (non-quantifiable) b) Shall encourage the use of alternative vehicles by providing incentives such as, but not limited to, special parking for alternative fueled vehicles and/or parking cost reduction for alternative fueled vehicles. (non- quantifiable) c) Require that 5 percent of all available off-street parking spaces (per multi-family and non-residential development) shall be equipped with charging stations to encourage the use of electric vehicles. (non- quantifiable) Impact AQ-2: Emissions of localized criteria pollutants from construction of the project could expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-2: The site shall be watered four times per day during ground disturbance (grading) activities for all project development phases. During drought conditions, defined as Water Shortage Stages 4 or 5 as determined by the Rancho California Water District, use of reclaimed water or non-water chemical stabilizers shall be implemented such that fugitive emissions reductions are comparable. Permission to use potable water for dust control activities during drought conditions shall be granted by the City of Temecula Building Official if the General Contractor shows in writing that (1) Reclaimed water is not available in sufficient quality and quantity from recycled wastewater treatment facilities located within 10 miles of the construction site; and (2) Well water or groundwater is not available in sufficient quality and quantity from wells and groundwater sources located within 10 miles of the construction site. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Biological Resources Impact BIO-1: Activities associated with construction of the project could have a significant impact on special status avian wildlife and migratory birds including Cooper’s hawk, northern harrier, white-tailed kite, and California horned lark. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-1: To the extent feasible, clearing and grubbing activities shall take place outside of the avian breeding season, which occurs from February 1 to September 15. If clearing and grubbing activities are necessary during the breeding season, a focused survey for active nests of raptors and migratory birds shall be conducted by a qualified biologist having demonstrated experience conducting breeding bird and nest surveys. The survey shall occur no more than 7 days prior to any clearing, grubbing, construction or ground- disturbing activities. If active nest(s) (with eggs or fledglings) are identified within the project area, the nest shall not be disturbed until the young have hatched and fledged (matured to a state that they can leave the nest on their own and are no longer relying on the nest for survival). A 500-foot construction setback from any active raptor nesting location (or a distance to be determined by the qualified biologist, based on species, construction activity, the birds’ response/habituation to human presence, and/or topographic features that could limit construction activity disturbance to the nest) shall be adhered to in order to avoid disturbance of the nest until the young have fledged or the nest has failed, as determined by a qualified biologist. A 300-foot construction setback (or a distance to be determined by the qualified biologist, based on species, construction activity, and the birds’ response/habituation to human presence, and/or topographic features that could limit construction activity disturbance to the nest) shall be established for all other migratory birds. If no active nests are identified, construction may commence. All construction setbacks shall be clearly demarcated in the field with appropriate material (flagging, staking, construction fencing, etc.) and verified by a qualified biologist. Such fencing shall be maintained and monitored until the nest is confirmed to be inactive. If an avoidance buffer is not feasible, as determined by a qualified biologist in consultation with the City, noise walls or other noise attenuation devices may be installed as needed to prevent disturbance to the nest. Less than Significant Impact BIO-2: The project could have a significant impact on burrowing owl or suitable burrowing owl habitat during construction. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-2: Suitable burrowing owl habitat identified on the project site shall be surveyed by a qualified biologist using the methods described in the Burrowing Owl Survey Instructions for the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan Area (EPD, 2006) no more than 30 days prior to initial ground disturbing activities to determine presence or absence of burrowing owl. If no burrowing owls are identified, no additional mitigation is necessary and activities may commence. If a burrowing owl is detected, the City of Temecula and the RCA will be notified. If burrowing owls are found on the project site, the applicant shall implement the following measure: Take of active nests shall be avoided. Passive or active relocation (use of one way doors and collapse of burrows), as approved by the RCA, may occur when owls are present outside the nesting season (March 1 - August 31). If active relocation is selected, translocation sites for the burrowing owl shall be created in the MSHCP Conservation Area for the establishment of new colonies. Translocation sites will be identified, taking into consideration unoccupied habitat areas, presence of burrowing mammals, existing colonies and effects to other MSHCP covered species. Selected translocation sites shall be coordinated with CDFW and USFWS prior to translocation site development. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Impact BIO-3: The urban/wildland interface associated with the construction and operation of the project could have a significant effect on mountain lions and other wildlife. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO-7a, MM-BIO-7b, MM-BIO-7c, MM-NOI-1a and MM-NOI-1b. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-3: The following Best Management Practices shall be adhered to: • Prior to the issuance of any clearing, grubbing, or grading permit for the project, a qualified biologist (Project Biologist) with a minimum of 3 years of experience in field supervision on construction sites, shall be retained by the applicant to oversee compliance with the protection and avoidance measures for biological issues associated with the project. The Project Biologist shall have the authority to halt construction activities in the event of non-compliance. • The Project Biologist shall be onsite during initial ground disturbing activities, including, but not limited to: vegetation removal, tree removal or trimming, grading, and restoration landscaping to ensure project activities remain in compliance with all applicable biological resource permits. • Intentional killing or unauthorized collection of plant and wildlife species shall be prohibited. • Workers shall be prohibited from bringing pets and firearms to the project site, and from feeding wildlife. • Proposed and existing MSHCP Conservation Areas shall be protected in place by the installation of orange silt fencing. Fencing shall be maintained in working order and inspected weekly. Fencing repair shall occur within 2 working days following inspection. • All trash and food items shall be contained in closed containers and trash removed daily to reduce the attractiveness to opportunistic predators such as common ravens and feral cats and dogs. • All fueling of construction vehicles shall be within designated areas beyond 100 feet of any drainage course, and be contained using appropriate protection measures. • Nighttime construction shall be prohibited in areas directly abutting or within 200 feet of existing or project- proposed MSHCP Conservation Areas. Nighttime construction which does occur outside these areas shall use directional lighting to minimize the impacts of increased artificial nighttime lighting. • All construction equipment and vehicles shall not idle for more than 45 minutes to minimize ambient noise produced by the project. Less than Significant Impact BIO-4: Implementation of the project could have a substantial adverse effect on riparian/riverine habitat. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-4a: Prior to the issuance of a grading permit for the project, the applicant shall obtain all necessary agency permits for impacts to jurisdictional waters, wetlands and riparian resources, including USACE, CDFW, and RWQCB. Impacts to riparian habitat shall be mitigated at a minimum of a 3:1 ratio. Impacts to unvegetated channel shall be mitigated at a minimum of a 1:1 ratio. Mitigation for both temporary and permanent impacts shall be accomplished by one or more of following options: on- or off-site habitat restoration; purchase of credits from an in-lieu fee program; and/or purchase of credits from a mitigation bank. If a Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan is required by any of the respective resource agencies (USACE, RWQCB, and CDFW), it shall be prepared according to agency requirements and shall include, at a minimum, the following information: • Location and detailed maps of the mitigation and revegetation areas • An evaluation of the existing function and values, and a description of the function and values to be achieved through compensatory mitigation • Detailed plant and seed mix requirements Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation • Detailed planting plan • Specific and measurable five-year success criteria • Five-year maintenance and monitoring requirements • Invasive species management • Irrigation requirements including the requirement to be off of irrigation for at least two years prior to final sign-off • Securing of a bond or line of credit to guarantee success of the compensatory mitigation Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-4b: Prior to the issuance of a grading permit for the project, a DBESP shall be approved by the RCA to address impacts to 1.24 acres of riparian/riverine habitat. The DBESP shall include the following information: • Definition of the project area • A written project description, demonstrating why an avoidance alternative is not possible • A written description of biological information available for the project site including the results of resource mapping • Quantification of unavoidable impacts to riparian/riverine areas and vernal pools associated with the project, including direct and indirect effects • A written description of project design features and mitigation measures that reduce indirect effects, such as edge treatments, landscaping, elevation difference, minimization and/or compensation through restoration or enhancement • A baseline biological assessment of the resources being impacted, used for comparison of biological equivalency • A written description of the proposed habitat mitigation, including habitat type, location, functional lift, and long-term stewardship responsibility • A finding demonstrating that although the proposed project would not avoid impacts, the habitat mitigation would be biologically equivalent or superior to that which is being impacted and would result in a net equivalent or superior ecological condition Impact BIO-5: The project could have a significant impact on federally protected wetlands. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a and MM-BIO-4b. Less than Significant Impact BIO-6: Implementation of the proposed project could have a substantial adverse effect on sensitive natural communities identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by CDFW or USFWS. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-4b and MM-BIO-7c. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-6a: Prior to the issuance of a building permit for the project, or any phase thereof, the applicant shall pay Local Development Mitigation fees, as determined by the City of Temecula Municipal Code Chapter 15, to offset impacts to sensitive habitat and covered sensitive species. As provided for in the RCA’s applicable fee ordinance and/or adopted resolutions, the applicant may request discretionary approval from the RCA fee credits for land conserved onsite that contributes toward the Reserve Assembly of the MSHCP. Any such request and approval shall not otherwise diminish or void the applicant’s obligation to pay the required Local Development Mitigation fees. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Mitigation Measure MM-BIO 6b: At the time of final map recordation for the project, or any phase thereof, lands identified to contribute to Linkage Areas and open space areas of the project (Conserved Lands) and included on the final map shall be conserved in perpetuity through the recordation of conservation easements in favor of the RCA or deed transfer of said parcels to the RCA. Conserved Lands shall include all areas identified for the continued preservation and functionality of Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. The project shall conserve onsite a minimum of 82.77 acres, which have been identified at a Criteria Cell level to include Cells 7077, 7161, 7078, 7164, 7258, 7264, 7355 and 7356. Impact BIO-7: The project could interfere with the movement of wildlife species, and with established migratory wildlife corridors. The project could have direct and indirect impacts to the movement of mountain lion and other wildlife in Proposed Linkage 10. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b and MM-NOI-3. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-7a: The portion of Camino Estribo that lies between the South Parcel and the main development area within the project footprint shall remain as a dirt road to minimize vehicular speeds. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-7b: The applicant shall install permanent fencing along the Western Bypass where the Bypass right-of-way is contiguous with existing or proposed MSHCP Conserved Lands, to keep animals within the wildlife corridor. Prior to the issuance of any construction permits for the project, the applicant shall prepare and submit a detailed fencing plan for review and approval by the City Community Development Department, RCA, CDFW, and USFWS. The fencing plan shall include, at a minimum, the fencing location, fencing specifications, plant list, and method and timing of installation. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-7c: A Slope Revegetation Plan shall be prepared by the project applicant. The Plan shall be submitted for approval to the City prior to the construction of the Western Bypass. The Plan shall include at a minimum: • The requirement to salvage and stockpile excavated topsoil up to the first six inches along selected portions of the ground disturbance area for use in spreading as the top layer of soil in restoring disturbed areas • Equipment and methods for planting • A planting plan, including the amount and species of seed necessary to revegetate the target habitat types • Success criteria for the revegetated areas over a five-year period following installation • Specific BMPs for erosion control during and after revegetation • A requirement for five years of maintenance of the revegetated areas, including removal of invasive species and irrigation (if necessary) • A requirement for five years of monitoring to evaluate compliance with the success criteria and to adjust maintenance activities using an adaptive management approach • Identification of entity responsible for installation, maintenance, and monitoring Less than Significant Impact BIO-8: The project could interfere with the movement of wildlife species, and with established migratory wildlife corridors. The project could have direct and indirect impacts to Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b and MM-NOI-3. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Impact BIO-9: The project would have an onsite shortfall of conserved acres for impacts to riparian and grassland habitat. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-4b, MM-BIO-6a and MM-BIO-6b. Less than Significant Impact BIO-10: Project impacts to riparian/riverine habitat could result in the project being inconsistent with the MSHCP. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a and MM-BIO-4b. Less than Significant Impact BIO-11: Project impacts at urban/wildland interface areas could result in the project being inconsistent with the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO-7a, MM-BIO-7b, MM-BIO-7c, MM- NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b, MM-NOI-3, MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-2, and MM-HYD-3. Less than Significant Impact BIO- 12: The project could have a significant effect on Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13, and, therefore, could be inconsistent with the MSHCP regarding wildlife corridors. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO-7c, MM-NOI-1a and MM-NOI-1b. Less than Significant Impact BIO-13: Project design and construction of the Western Bypass, a Covered Activity, could result in the project being inconsistent with the Planned Roadway Criteria of the MSHCP. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-1, MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-4b, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO-7c. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Cultural Resources Impact CUL-1: The project area is considered moderately to highly sensitive for cultural resources. In addition, a portion of the project area is within the Origin Landscape TCP, one of the most sacred areas for the Pechanga Tribe. The lack of identified intact subsurface archaeological materials reduces the likelihood of encountering buried archaeological resources during project implementation, but does not preclude the possibility that archaeological resources may be present in areas not subject to archaeological investigation. In the event that archaeological resources are inadvertently encountered during project implementation, disturbances to such resources could result in a substantial adverse change to historical resources as defined by CEQA. Disturbances to archaeological resources would require consideration of impacts to any archaeological resources individually and as contributors to the larger National Register-listed archaeological district (P-33-11443 – MCAA), as well as consideration as contributors to the National Register-listed Origin Landscape TCP. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-1a – Retention of a Qualified Archaeologist: Prior to issuance of a grading permit and prior to the start of any ground disturbing activity, the applicant shall retain a qualified archaeologist, defined as an archaeologist meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archaeology (Department of the Interior, 2012), to carry out all mitigation measures related to archaeological resources. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-1b – Cultural Resources Sensitivity Training: The qualified archeologist, or an archaeologist working under the direction of the qualified archaeologist, shall conduct preconstruction cultural resources sensitivity training to inform construction personnel of the types of cultural resources that may be encountered, and of the proper procedures to be enacted in the event of an inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources or human remains. The applicant shall ensure that construction personnel are made available for and attend the training and shall retain documentation demonstrating attendance. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-1c – Archaeological and Native American Monitoring and Re-survey of the South Parcel: Prior to issuance of a grading permit and prior to the start of any vegetation removal or ground disturbing activity, a qualified archaeological monitor and Native American monitor shall be retained by the applicant to monitor ground disturbing activities including, but not limited to, brush clearance and grubbing, grading, trenching, excavation, and the construction of fencing and access roads. The archaeological and Native American monitors shall re-survey the South Parcel involving ground disturbance, after vegetation removal and grubbing and prior to other ground disturbing activities. This will ensure that previously undocumented resources obscured by thick brush can be identified and appropriate treatment measures for the resources can be developed. Archaeological monitoring shall be conducted by an archaeologist familiar with the types of historic and prehistoric resources that could be encountered within the project, and under direct supervision of the qualified archaeologist. If ground disturbing activities occur simultaneous in two or more locations located more than 500 feet apart, additional archaeological and Native American monitors may be required. The archaeological and Native American monitors shall keep daily logs. After monitoring has been completed, the qualified archaeologist shall prepare a monitoring report that details the results of monitoring, which shall be submitted to the City, Pechanga, and to the Eastern Information Center at the University of California, Riverside. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-1d – Unanticipated Discovery: If cultural resources are encountered during the course of ground disturbing activities, the applicant shall cease any ground disturbing activities within 100 feet of the find until it can be evaluated by the qualified archaeologist, who shall inspect the find within 24 hours of discovery. The qualified archaeologist, the archaeological monitor, and/or Native American monitor shall be empowered to halt or redirect ground disturbing activities away from the vicinity of the find until it has been assessed for significance. The qualified archaeologist, in consultation with the applicant and the Pechanga Tribe, shall assess the significance of discovered resources. If it is determined that the discovery constitutes a significant resource (i.e., a historical resource or unique archaeological resource pursuant to CEQA or historic property pursuant to Section 106 of the NHPA), preservation in place shall be the preferred manner of mitigation. Preservation in place may be accomplished by, but is not limited to, avoidance, incorporating the resource into open space, capping, or deeding the site into a permanent conservation easement. In the event that preservation in place is demonstrated to be infeasible and data recovery through excavation is determined to be the only feasible mitigation option, a treatment plan shall be prepared and implemented by the qualified archaeologist, in consultation with the applicant and the Pechanga Tribe. The treatment plan shall provide for the adequate recovery of the scientifically consequential information contained in the archaeological resource. The Pechanga Tribe shall be consulted to ensure that cultural values ascribed to the resource, beyond that which is scientifically Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation important, are considered. The treatment plan shall also provide for the analysis, reporting, and curation/disposition of resources. If the applicant, qualified archaeologist, and Pechanga Tribe cannot agree on the significance or the mitigation for resources, these issues shall be presented to the City Community Development Director for decision. The City Community Development Director shall make the determination based on the provisions of CEQA with respect to archaeological resources and shall take into account the religious beliefs, customs, and practices of the Pechanga Tribe. Notwithstanding any other rights available under the law, the decision of the City Community Development Director shall be appealable to the City Planning Commission and/or City Council. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers shall also be notified within 24 hours of the discovery and afforded the opportunity to determine whether the discovery requires addressing under Section 106 Post-Review Discoveries provisions provided in 36 CFR 800.13, and invited to participate in the discussion of significance, mitigation, and/or treatment of resources. Impact CUL-2: The potential exists for unique paleontological resources to be located beneath the ground surface in the project area, specifically within the sandstone facies of the Pauba Formation (Qp), which has high sensitivity for paleontological resources. Construction activities could result in the inadvertent discovery and damage of these paleontological resources, which would be a significant impact. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-2a – Paleontological Resource Impact Mitigation Program (PRIMP): The applicant shall implement the paleontological mitigation program outlined in the PRIMP (Kennedy and Wirths, 2013) during project implementation. The PRIMP requires paleontological monitoring of mapped exposures of the sandstone facies of the Pauba Formation (Qp) as shown on Attachment 3a of the PRIMP. In addition, because the fanglomerate facies of the Pauba Formation is considered to have undetermined potential to yield significant paleontological resources, initial excavations into the unit shall be spot-checked by a qualified paleontologist (defined as a paleontologist meeting the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology Standards, 2010) to determine if the lithology of the geological unit is conducive to the preservation of unique paleontological resources. The qualified paleontologist shall also contribute to any construction worker cultural resources sensitivity training, either in person or via a module provided to the qualified archaeologist. Monitoring shall be conducted by a qualified paleontologist, or a monitor working under the direct supervision of a qualified paleontologist. Monitors shall have the authority to temporarily halt or divert work away from exposed fossils in order to recover the fossil specimens. The qualified paleontologist, based on observations of subsurface soil stratigraphy or other factors, may reduce or discontinue monitoring, as warranted, if the qualified paleontologist determines that the possibility of encountering fossiliferous deposits is low. Monitors shall prepare daily logs detailing the types of activities and soils observed, and any discoveries. Any fossils recovered shall be prepared to the point of identification and curated at an accredited facility. The qualified paleontologist shall prepare a final monitoring and mitigation report to be submitted to the City and filed with the local repository. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-2b – Unanticipated Paleontological Resources Discoveries: If construction or other project personnel discover any potential fossils during construction, regardless of the depth of work, work at the discovery location shall cease until the qualified paleontologist has assessed the discovery and made recommendations as to the appropriate treatment. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Impact CUL-3: Because the proposed project would involve ground- disturbing activities, it is possible that such actions could unearth, expose, or disturb previously unknown human remains interred outside of a formal cemetery. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-3 – Human Remains: If human remains are uncovered during project construction, the applicant shall immediately halt work and follow the procedures and protocols set forth in Section 15064.5(e) of the CEQA Guidelines, which require compliance with Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and Public Resources Code Section 5097.98 (as amended by AB 2641). The applicant shall immediately contact the Riverside County Coroner to evaluate the remains. If the County Coroner determines that the remains are Native American, the County Coroner shall notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) within 24 hours to relinquish jurisdiction. The NAHC shall designate a Most Likely Descendant (MLD) for the remains, who shall have 48 hours from the time of being granted access to the site to provide recommendations to the landowner for the means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and any associated grave goods. Until the landowner has discussed and conferred with the MLD, the landowner shall ensure that the immediate vicinity where the discovery occurred is not subject to further disturbances, is adequately protected according to generally accepted cultural and archaeological standards, and that further activities take into account the possibility of multiple burials. In the event that no MLD is identified, or if the MLD fails to make a recommendation for disposition, or if the landowner rejects the recommendation of the MLD and mediation with the NAHC fails to provide measures acceptable to the landowner, the landowner may reinter the remains and associated grave goods with appropriate dignity on the property in a location not subject to further disturbance. Less than Significant Geology, Soils, and Seismicity Implementation of the proposed project would not result in significant geology, soils, or seismicity impacts. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Impact GHG-1: The project could generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment Mitigation Measure MM-GHG-1: Upon full entitlement of the project and prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy for the project, the project sponsor shall submit an application for a Pre-Certified LEED-ND Plan through the U.S. Green Building Council. If the application meets the LEED-ND prerequisites, the project sponsor shall continue with the certification, and the project shall receive a minimum base-level LEED-ND certification within two years of project build-out. If Pre-Certified LEED-ND Plan approval is denied, the project sponsor will be deemed to have exercised best efforts to achieve full certification and no further action is required. Significant and Unavoidable Impact GHG-2: The project could potentially conflict with the goals of the City of Temecula’s Sustainability Plan to reduce GHG emissions. Implement MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e, and MM-GHG-1 Less than Significant Hazards and Hazardous Materials Impact HAZ-1: The project site is near a high fire hazard area which could increase the threat of wildfire on human populations and property. Mitigation Measure MM-HAZ -1: Prior to the issuance of a building permit for the project, the applicant shall prepare and submit a Fire Modification Plan (FMP) for the project to the City Community Development and Fire Departments for review and approval. The FMP shall address areas within the project boundary that are adjacent to a proposed Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) Conservation Area. The FMP shall include, without limitation, the following information and standards: • Environmental setting that describes the topography and geology, climate, and flammable vegetation in and around the project site, water supply for fire protection, fire access roads, and fire protection systems Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation and equipment • General description of fire behavior in the project area based on such factors as predominant fuel types, topography and climate • The establishment of a 100-foot wide fuel modification area located within the project boundary for land adjacent to a proposed MSHCP Conservation Area • A fuel modification area shall have two distinct fuel modification zones: Zone 1 and Zone 2 • A site plan identifying the location of the fuel modification area and zones • Zone 1 shall extend 30 feet from any habitable structure; Zone 2 shall extend 70 feet beyond Zone 1 • Zone 1 shall include the following minimum standards: o No habitable structures o New construction (i.e. fences, walls, gazebos) must be non-combustible and/or have a minimum 1- hour fire rating o Plants should be primarily low growing (less than 4 feet in height), low-fuel, and fire resistant o Regular maintenance to include thinning and pruning of trees and plants • Zone 2 shall include the following minimum standards: o Regular maintenance to include selective thinning and pruning of native and non-native plants to reduce fuel load • A list of plants not recommended to be used within the fuel modification zones • Identification of entity responsible for regular maintenance Hydrology and Water Quality Impact HYD-1: Future development occurring under the proposed Specific Plan could result in impacts to hydrology. Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-1: Prior to issuance of a grading permit, a final drainage study shall be prepared by a registered civil engineer and submitted to Public Works with the initial grading plan check in accordance with City, Riverside County, and engineering standards. The final study shall identify storm water runoff quantities (to mitigate the 100-year storm event) from the development of this site and upstream of the site, and shall identify all existing or proposed drainage facilities intended to discharge this runoff. Runoff shall be conveyed to an adequate outfall capable of receiving the storm water runoff without damage to public or private property; the final study shall include a capacity analysis verifying the adequacy of all facilities. If the receiving facilities are determined to under capacity, then onsite detention would be considered. Less than Significant Impact HYD-2: Construction of future development occurring under the proposed Specific Plan could result in impacts to water quality. Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-2: The developer shall obtain coverage under the statewide NPDES Construction General Permit. When the anticipated total construction disturbance would be greater than one acre, the Construction General Permit requires the preparation and implementation of a SWPPP by a Qualified SWPPP Developer, which would examine existing site conditions, identify the sources of sediment and other pollutants that may affect the quality of storm water discharges during construction and would describe the implementation and maintenance of erosion control, sediment control, waste management and good housekeeping BMPs to reduce or eliminate the potential for sediment or other pollutants to mix with storm water runoff during construction. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Impact HYD-3: Operation of future development occurring under the proposed Specific Plan could result in impacts to water quality. Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-3: As a condition of approval, each future development project will be required to generate a project-specific Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP), as required by the City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance and as specified in the City’s Jurisdictional Runoff Management Plan, which will ensure that the project implements specific water quality features to meet the City’s MS4 Permit and Stormwater Ordinance requirements. Each project-specific WQMP shall be reviewed and approved by the City of Temecula prior to the issuance of a building or grading permit. Less than Significant Land Use and Planning Impact LU-1: The project could be inconsistent with the MSHCP goals and objectives governing the assembly of conservation lands, wildlife linkages, and riparian/riverine resources. Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-1, MM-BIO-2, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-4b, MM-BIO-6a, MM- BIO-6b, MM-BIO-7a, MM-BIO-7b, MM-BIO-7c, AES-1, NOI-1a, NOI-1b, and NOI-3. Less than Significant Noise and Vibration Impact NOI-1: Construction activities occurring at each individual development site in the project area would potentially expose their respective adjacent or nearby receptor(s) to substantial increases in ambient noise levels. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-1a: Prior to the issuance any grading or building permits for a phase or sub phase (project-specific future development within a construction phase), the applicant shall provide evidence to the City that the development will not exceed the City’s exterior noise standards for construction (see Table 3.10-5). If it is determined that City noise standards for construction activities would be exceeded, the applicant shall submit a construction-related exception request to the City Manager at least one week in advance of the project’s scheduled construction activities, along with the appropriate inspection fee(s), to ensure that the project’s construction noise levels would be granted an exception from the noise standards set forth in Section 9.20.040 of the City of Temecula Municipal Code. Factors the City shall consider when granting a noise exception include, but are not limited to, the consideration of the level of noise, duration of noise, constancy or intermittency of noise, time of day or night, place, proximity to sensitive receptors, nature and circumstances of the emission or transmission of any such loud noise. If a construction-related exception request is not approved by the City, design measures shall be taken to reduce the construction noise levels to the maximum extent feasible to achieve compliance with the City’s construction noise standards. These measures may include, but are not limited to, the erection of noise barriers/curtains, use of advanced or state-of-the-art mufflers on construction equipment, and/or reduction in the amount of equipment that would operate concurrently at the development site. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-1b: The applicant shall comply with the following noise reduction measures during construction: • Ensure that noise and groundborne vibration construction activities whose specific location on a construction site may be flexible (e.g., operation of compressors and generators, cement mixing, general truck idling) shall be conducted as far as possible from the nearest noise- and vibration-sensitive land uses. • Ensure that the use of construction equipment or construction methods with the greatest peak noise generation potential will be minimized. Examples include the use of drills and jackhammers. When impact tools (e.g., jack hammers, pavement breakers, and caisson drills) are necessary, they shall be hydraulically or electrically powered wherever possible to avoid noise associated with compressed air exhaust from pneumatically powered tools. Where use of pneumatic tools is unavoidable, an exhaust muffler on the compressed air exhaust shall be used; this muffler can lower noise levels from the exhaust Significant and Unavoidable Altair Specific Plan S-21 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation by up to about 10 dBA. External jackets on the tools themselves shall be used where feasible; this could achieve a reduction of 5 dBA. Quieter procedures, such as use of drills rather than impact tools, shall be used whenever feasible, as determined by the City of Temecula’s Building Official based on the circumstances such as exposure to sensitive receptors, type and number of equipment used, and duration of noise. • Locate stationary construction noise sources away from adjacent receptors and muffled and enclosed within temporary sheds, incorporate insulation barriers, or other measures to the extent feasible, as determined by the City’s Building Official based on the circumstances such as exposure to sensitive receptors, type and number of equipment used, and duration of noise. • Construction truck traffic shall be restricted to routes approved by the City of Temecula, and shall avoid residential areas and other sensitive receptors, to the extent feasible. • Designate a construction relations officer to serve as a liaison with surrounding residents and property owners who is responsible for responding to address any concerns regarding construction noise and vibration. The liaison’s telephone number(s) shall be prominently displayed at construction locations. • Hold a preconstruction meeting with the City’s job inspectors and the general contractor or onsite project manager to confirm that noise and vibration mitigation and practices (including construction hours, sound buffers, neighborhood notification, posted signs, etc.) are implemented. Impact NOI-2: Construction activities in the project area may expose their respective onsite and/or offsite sensitive land uses to vibration levels that exceed applicable FTA vibration thresholds for building damage and human annoyance. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-2a: The operation of construction equipment that generates high levels of vibration, such as large bulldozers, loaded trucks, and caisson drills, shall be prohibited within 45 feet of residential structures and 35 feet of institutional structures during construction activities to the extent feasible. Small, rubber-tired construction equipment shall be used within this area during demolition and/or grading operations to reduce vibration effects, where feasible. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-2b: The operation of jackhammers shall be prohibited within 25 feet of existing residential structures and 20 feet of institutional structures during construction activities, to the extent feasible. Significant and Unavoidable Impact NOI-3: New developments within the project area may introduce noise levels that could exceed the City’s exterior noise standards at adjacent properties to and/or near the new development sites. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-3: Prior to the issuance of a building permit for future developments in the project, the applicant shall provide evidence to the City that operational noise levels generated by the proposed development would not exceed the City’s permissible exterior noise standards that are applicable to adjacent properties. If City noise standards at the adjacent properties would be exceeded, design measures shall be taken to ensure that operational noise levels associated with the proposed development would be reduced to levels that comply with the permissible City noise standards. These measures may include, but are not limited to, the erection of noise walls, use of landscaping, and/or the design of adequate setback distances for the new developments. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-22 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Impact NOI-4: New development within the project area could expose nearby sensitive receptors to noise levels exceeding 5 dBA over ambient levels due to operation of HVAC equipment; or to noise levels from the operation of mechanical equipment such that interior noise residential noise levels could exceed 45 dBA Ldn. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4a: The applicant of individual development projects within the project area shall minimize noise impacts from mechanical equipment, such as ventilation and air conditioning units, by locating equipment away from receptor areas, installing proper acoustical shielding for the equipment, and incorporating the use of parapets into building design to ensure that noise levels do not exceed the ambient noise level on the premises of existing development by more than five decibels. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4b: Prior to City approval of a residential development project within the project area, the applicant shall provide documentation to the City that all exterior windows associated with a proposed residential development will be constructed to provide a sufficient amount of sound insulation to ensure that interior noise levels would be below an Ldn or CNEL of 45 dBA in any habitable room. Less than Significant Impact NOI-5: With addition of the Western Bypass that would run along the western boundary of the project area, new development projects proposed in the project area adjacent to the Western Bypass may not meet the applicable noise/land use compatibility noise standards established by the City. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-5: All future residential developments located adjacent to the proposed Western Bypass in the project area shall be set back a minimum of 45 feet from the centerline of the Western Bypass. If this minimum setback distance cannot be achieved, other measures shall be taken to ensure compliance with the City’s noise/land use compatibility standard of 70 dBA Ldn, including, but not limited to, greater setback distances, the erection of noise walls or use of landscaping. Less than Significant Population and Housing Implementation of the proposed project would not result in significant population and housing impacts. Public Services Implementation of the proposed project would not result in significant public service impacts. Traffic and Transportation Impact TRA-1: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the average delay at Jefferson Avenue/ Old Town Front Street and Rancho California Road (Intersection #2) to degrade from an unacceptable LOS E to LOS F and would increase delay by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance during the PM peak hour. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-1: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for system-wide signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Since Rancho California Road and Jefferson Avenue operate on an Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Program, the developer shall be responsible for system-wide optimization along both corridors to mitigate impacts. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Impact TRA-2: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the level of service at Ynez Road and Rancho California Road (Intersection #5) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS E during the PM peak hour. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-2: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for system-wide signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Since Rancho California Road and Ynez Road operate on an Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Program, the developer shall be responsible for system-wide optimization along both corridors to mitigate impacts. Less than Significant Impact TRA-3: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the level of service at I-15 Northbound Ramps and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #10) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS F during the PM peak hour. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-3: Prior to the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) at the intersection of I-15 Northbound Ramps and Temecula Parkway to proportion more time to the heavier traffic volumes, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. The project proponent/developer shall coordinate implementation of this improvement with Caltrans. Less than Significant Impact TRA-4: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the average delay at Margarita Road and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #14) to increase by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS F conditions, during the AM peak hour, and would cause the PM peak- hour level of service to degrade from an acceptable LOS D to an unacceptable LOS E. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-4: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for system-wide signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Since Margarita Road and Temecula Parkway operate an Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Program, the developer shall be responsible for system-wide optimization along both corridors to mitigate impacts. Less than Significant Impact TRA-5: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the level of service for the westbound First Street approach at unsignalized Pujol Street and First Street (Intersection #15) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D to an unacceptable LOS F during the PM peak hour. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-5: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install stop signs on the Pujol Street approaches at the intersection of Pujol Street and First Street, converting the intersection from side-street stop-control to all-way stop control. Less than Significant Impact TRA-6: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the average delay at Ynez Road and Santiago Road (Intersection #17) to increase by more than the 2.0 second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS E conditions, during the PM peak hour. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-6: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 2, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for one additional exclusive eastbound left turn lane and signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) at the intersection of Ynez Road and Santiago Road, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-24 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Impact TRA-7: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the level of service at the existing I-15 Southbound Ramps and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #25) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS F during the AM and PM peak hours. No feasible mitigation. Significant and Unavoidable Impact TRA-8: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the Cumulative (2025) level of service at Ynez Road and Rancho California Road (Intersection #5) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D to an unacceptable LOS F during the PM peak hour. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-8: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 20 percent of the cost for the construction of one additional exclusive right turn lane for eastbound Rancho California Road at Ynez Road, for acquisition of right-of-way, and modification of existing traffic signal facilities at the intersection. Less than Significant Impact TRA-9: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the Cumulative (2025) average delay at La Paz Road and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #11) to increase by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS E conditions, during the AM peak hour, and would cause the PM peak- hour level of service to degrade from an unacceptable LOS E to an unacceptable LOS F. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-9: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 20 percent of the cost for the construction of a fourth through lane for eastbound and westbound Temecula Parkway at La Paz Road, for acquisition of right-of-way, and modification of existing traffic signal facilities at the intersection. Less than Significant Impact TRA-10: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the Cumulative (2025) level of service at Margarita Road and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #14) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS E during both the AM and PM peak hours. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-10: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 15 percent of the cost for the construction of an exclusive right turn lane for westbound Temecula Parkway at Margarita Road, for acquisition of right-of-way, and modification of existing traffic signal facilities at the intersection. Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation Impact TRA-11: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the General Plan Build Out (2035) level of service at Ynez Road and Rancho California Road (Intersection #5) to degrade from an unacceptable LOS E during the AM peak hour, and would cause the average delay to increase by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance. No feasible mitigation. Significant and Unavoidable Impact TRA-12: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the General Plan Build Out (2035) level of service for the eastbound Ridge Park Drive approach at unsignalized Vincent Moraga Drive and Ridge Park Drive (Intersection #6) to degrade from an acceptable LOS C to an unacceptable LOS F during the AM peak hour, and to increase the PM peak-hour delay by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS F conditions. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-12: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 43 percent of the cost to construct improvements at the west Ridge Park Drive leg to allow for right-in / right-out turn movements only at the intersection of Vincent Moraga Drive and Ridge Park Drive, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. This improvement would prohibit vehicles from making northbound left and westbound left turning movements at the intersection. Less than Significant Impact TRA-13: Development of the Specific Plan would cause the General Plan Build Out (2035) level of service for the westbound First Street approach at unsignalized Pujol Street and First Street (Intersection #15) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS F during the PM peak hour. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-13: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 17 percent of the cost to install traffic signals at the intersection of Pujol Street and First Street. Less than Significant Impact TRA-14: The proposed project may conflict with applicable plans and congestion management programs by resulting in temporary but prolonged adverse effects on intersection LOS during project construction. Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-14: Prior to the issuance of any grading permit or any permit that authorizes construction activities within the Specific Plan area, or at offsite locations for improvements associated with the Specific Plan, the project applicant(s) shall prepare a Construction Traffic Mitigation Plan(s) for review and approval by the City of Temecula as part of the permit application. The Construction Traffic Mitigation Plan(s) shall include measures to minimize the construction traffic volumes entering the roadway system (including local roads) during AM and PM peak hours. At a minimum, the Construction Traffic Mitigation Plan(s) shall include the following implementation measures: • Construction truck routes shall be prepared to designate principal haul routes for trucks delivering materials to and from the construction site. • Should a temporary road and/or lane closure be necessary during construction, the project applicant shall Less than Significant Altair Specific Plan S-26 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Executive Summary TABLE S-2 (continued) SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Significance after Mitigation provide traffic control activities and personnel, as necessary, to minimize traffic impacts. This may include detour signage, cones, construction area signage, flagmen, and other measures as required for safe traffic handling in the construction zone. •The project applicant shall keep a minimum of one lane in each direction free from encumbrances at all times on perimeter roads accessing the project site. In the event a full road closure is required, the contractor shall coordinate with the City of Temecula and other affected jurisdictions (i.e., Caltrans, and/or County of Riverside) to designate proper detour routes and signage to appropriate proper access routes. Utilities and Water Supply Assessment Implementation of the proposed project would not result in significant impacts to utilities and water supply. Altair Specific Plan S-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose This Draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) has been prepared by the City of Temecula (City), pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), California Public Resources Code, Sections 21000 et. seq. and the state CEQA Guidelines in the Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 15000. This Draft EIR has been prepared as a Project EIR pursuant to Section 15161 of the CEQA Guidelines. The purpose of this EIR is to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the proposed Altair Specific Plan project (project, or Altair), which includes approval of a Development Agreement, a General Plan Amendment to amend the existing Land Use Policy Map and the existing Roadway Plan; and a zone change to replace the existing zoning designations (BP – Business Park; OS-Open Space; SP-8-Westside Specific Plan) with new zones and associated use and development regulations and standards for the Specific Plan area. Intended Uses of an EIR This Draft EIR is intended to inform the City, responsible agencies, and the public of the proposed project’s environmental effects. As the Lead Agency, the City has the principal responsibility for carrying out or approving a project which may have a significant effect upon the environment (CEQA Statute Section 21067). Therefore, the Draft EIR is intended to publicly disclose those impacts that may be significant and adverse, identify measures that would mitigate or eliminate such impacts, and describe a range of alternatives for the proposed project that would avoid or substantially lessen impacts. 1.2 Project Background The applicant, Ambient Communities, filed an application with the City of Temecula for the preparation of the Altair Specific Plan, which would serve as the regulatory document and planning instrument for the future development of the 270-acre land parcel west of the Old Town planning area in the City of Temecula. The project site was the subject of one previous specific plan, the Westside Specific Plan, which was approved by the City in 1995. The Westside Specific Plan proposed a mixed use development that would include 50,000 square feet of special event commercial (allowing tourist and hotel uses), 45,000 square feet of neighborhood commercial, and 20,000 square feet of mixed-use space as well as up to 302 dwelling units and approximately 70 acres of open space. Altair Specific Plan 1-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 1. Introduction Community Outreach In addition to the scoping hearing required under CEQA (see below), the project applicant has held numerous informal meetings with stakeholder groups, such as the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians and other members and special interest groups of the community who have expressed interest and/or concerns about the project. 1.3 CEQA EIR Process 1.3.1 Notice of Preparation On November 13, 2014, in accordance with Sections 15063 and 15082 of the CEQA Guidelines, the City published an Initial Study/Notice of Preparation (IS/NOP) of a Draft EIR, and circulated it to governmental agencies, organizations, and persons who may be interested in this project, including nearby landowners, homeowners, and tenants. The IS/NOP requested comments on the scope of the Draft EIR, and asked that those agencies with regulatory authority over any aspect of the project to describe that authority. The comment period extended through December 15, 2014. The NOP provided a general description of the project area, a description of the proposed action, and a preliminary list of potential environmental impacts. On December 3, 2014, in accordance with CEQA Section 21083.9,1 the City sponsored a public scoping meeting to obtain comments from interested parties on the scope of the Draft EIR. The purpose of the meeting was to present the project to the public through use of display maps, diagrams and a presentation describing the project components and potential environmental impacts. City staff and members of the local community attended the scoping meeting. Attendees were provided an opportunity to voice comments or concerns regarding potential effects of the project. The IS/NOP and comments received during the public comment period are provided in Appendix A of this Draft EIR. 1.3.2 Draft EIR This Draft EIR provides a description of the project, environmental setting, project impacts, and mitigation measures for impacts found to be significant as well as an analysis of project alternatives. Significance criteria have been developed for each environmental resource analyzed in this Draft EIR, and are defined for each impact analysis section. Impacts are categorized as follows: • Significant and unavoidable; • Significant, but can be mitigated to a less-than-significant level; • Less than significant (mitigation is not required under CEQA, but may be recommended); or • No impact. 1 CEQA Section 21083.9 requires that a lead agency call at least one scoping meeting for a project of statewide, regional, or area-wide significance. Altair Specific Plan 1-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 1. Introduction CEQA requires that EIRs evaluate ways of avoiding or minimizing identified environmental impacts where feasible through the application of mitigation measures or project alternatives. 1.3.3 Public Review This document is being circulated and made available to local, State and federal agencies, and to interested organizations and individuals who may wish to review and comment on the Draft EIR. The Draft EIR marks the beginning of a 45-day public review period. Written comments should be sent on or before June 17, 2016, by the close of business to: Matt Peters, Associate Planner City of Temecula Planning Department 41000 Main Street Temecula, CA 92590 matt.peters@cityoftemecula.org (e-mail) (951) 694-6400 (phone) 1.3.4 Final EIR Written and oral comments received in response to the Draft EIR will be addressed in a Response to Comments document which, together with the Draft EIR, will constitute the Final EIR. The City will then consider EIR certification (CEQA Guidelines Section 15090). If the EIR is certified, the City may consider project approval. Prior to approving the project, the City must make written findings with respect to each significant and unavoidable environmental effect identified in the EIR in accordance with Section 15091 of the CEQA Guidelines. 1.3.5 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Plan CEQA requires lead agencies to adopt a reporting and mitigation monitoring program for the changes to the project which it has adopted or made a condition of project approval in order to mitigate or avoid significant effects on the environment (CEQA Section 21081.6, CEQA Guidelines Section 15097). The mitigation monitoring program will be available to the public at the same time as the Final EIR. 1.4 Organization of This Draft EIR This Draft EIR has been prepared in accordance with provisions of Sections 15120 to 150131 of the CEQA Guidelines. It includes all CEQA-required sections based on the IS/NOP. The Draft EIR has been organized into the following sections: S. Executive Summary. The executive summary provides a synopsis of the project’s potential impacts. It identifies, in an overview fashion, the project under consideration and its objectives including any design features of the project that would be implemented. This section also summarizes the project’s impacts and mitigation measures and contains a summary analysis of the alternatives to the project. Altair Specific Plan 1-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 1. Introduction 1. Introduction. The introduction includes the purpose of an EIR and procedural information. 2. Project Description. The project description includes the project background, project location and setting, site characteristics, project objectives and the characteristics of the project. The section also includes a summary of the necessary permits and approvals for the project. 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures. The existing environmental setting is described and documented for each environmental factor identified in the Initial Study. Information is graphically depicted and described in the separate sections of the document. For each potentially significant issue identified in the IS/NOP, this section of the EIR includes a discussion of the environmental setting, project impacts (distinguished between direct and indirect impacts), cumulative impacts, project design features, level of significance before mitigation, mitigation measures, and the level of significance after mitigation. The assessment of impacts is consistent with CEQA requirements and utilizes defined thresholds of significance to determine the impacts of the project. 4. Cumulative Impacts. This section includes a discussion of the past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future projects and activities in the surrounding areas. This section also provides an analysis of the cumulative impacts for each issue area analyzed in the EIR. 5. Alternatives Analysis. This section presents an overview of the alternatives development process and describes and analyzes the alternatives to the project, including the No Project Alternative. 6. Other CEQA Considerations. This section presents an overview of the impacts of the project in the sense that it may foster economic or population growth, or additional housing, either indirectly or directly. This section also provides an analysis of the extent to which the project's primary and secondary effects would commit resources to uses that future generations would probably be unable to reverse. 7. Acronyms, References and Preparers. This section provides a list of acronyms used throughout the EIR, the resources referenced in the EIR, and a list of the individuals who contributed to the preparation of the EIR. Altair Specific Plan 1-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 CHAPTER 2 Project Description This chapter includes a description of the Altair Specific Plan (project, or Altair) that provides a basis for the environmental analysis contained in this EIR. Also included in this chapter are the objectives of the project and a summary of discretionary approvals necessary to implement the project. 2.1 Introduction The Altair Specific Plan involves the development of approximately 270 acres located west of and adjacent to Old Town, within the city of Temecula, California (Figure 2-1). The city limits form the western edge of the project. Altair is designed to be a pedestrian-oriented residential community within walking or cycling distance of Old Town; offering such amenities as active and passive parks, an elementary school, walking, running, and cycling trails, a civic/institutional area, and natural open space. The project would encourage a mix of residential housing types and combinations of neighborhood-serving commercial. The buildout of the project is anticipated to occur over an approximate 10-year period. 2.2 Project Objectives The primary objectives for this project are to: • Plan and implement a project that is consistent with the goals and policies of the City of Temecula General Plan. (A General Plan Amendment to the Circulation Element is needed to achieve these goals and policies.) • Balance the need for local infrastructure improvement and demand for new housing in and around Old Town while minimizing physical and visual impacts to the hillside escarpment, wildlife movement, and conservation areas. • Develop a high-quality residential component on the project site that focuses on providing diverse housing types and a wide range of densities that would serve a variety of age groups and household sizes, support the commercial enterprises of Old Town Temecula, help to fulfill the city’s regional housing needs, and foster a unique community identity where each neighborhood is unique, vibrant, diverse, and inclusive. • Create a project that reduces dependency on the automobile and encourages the use of an extensive multi-use trail system that would link neighborhood villages and community- wide uses within the project and to Old Town Temecula. Altair Specific Plan 2-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 R A N C H O C A L I F O R N I A R D ED P O R T O L A R D P E C H A N G A P K Y W I N C H E S T E R R D MEADO W S P K Y O V E R L A N D DR W O L F V A L L E Y R D P A U AB R D O L O T D W N F R O N T S T N I C O LA SRD S O L A N A WY L A S E RE N A W Y R E D H A W K P K Y R A N C H O V I S T A R D S A N T I A G O R D N I C O L A S R D B U T T E R FI E L D S T A G E R D JE FF E R S O N A V D E E R H O L L O W W Y D I A Z R D P A U B A R D T E M E CU L A P K W Y D E L R E Y R D ANZ A R D Y N E Z R D B U S I NES S P A R K DR M A R G A R IT A RD V I A N O R TE P A L A R D VAIL RA N C H P K Y Altair Specic Plan Area 215 Acres Parcel 55 Acres Parcel SR-79 15 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 City Limits Highways Roads Figure 2-1 Project Location Map SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 2. Project Description • Provide for limited/incidental neighborhood-oriented commercial uses to serve the needs of the project’s residents, such as coffee shop, ice cream store, or small restaurants. • Promote design that minimizes water usage by using a relatively drought-tolerant landscape palette, clustered development, and attractive community spaces rather than traditional water-intensive private lawns. • Provide water quality management facilities that are incorporated within the landscape features and designed to create settings that mimic the natural hillside attributes. • Establish an efficient, interconnected multi-modal transportation network that includes a Western Bypass Corridor and vehicular, transit/trolley, and pedestrian/bikeway circulation systems that would improve center-of-city traffic conditions. • Provide public amenities close to Old Town Temecula that include a park in the center of the project, plazas, trails, a play field, and an elementary school accommodating 600–730 students, which further diversify and contribute to the Old Town’s amenities. • Provide for a civic site of adequate size that accommodates up to 450,000 building square feet for an educational, institutional, or other business use for the benefit of the public, and be integrated into the overall project design in a way that maximizes compatibility with other proposed land uses within the Specific Plan, and provides a strong visual connection and close access to Interstate 15. 2.3 Project Characteristics 2.3.1 Land Use and Zoning Altair is primarily a residential mixed-use development with supporting civic uses and open space. Different housing types are proposed to meet the needs of a range of age groups and household sizes. The project is located to take advantage of the shopping, dining, and entertainment venues of Old Town and is designed to encourage a strong pedestrian connection to both Old Town and planned open space within the development. Altair proposes a type of form-based code using building types clustered in villages as the organizing principle. This approach seems to work best where the project area is no more than one square mile, such as Altair. At this scale, a code can be produced that will reinforce the character of a community and encourage the desired urban development. The building types are described in detail in Section 10.10, Development Standards - Building Types in the Altair Specific Plan and include the following: • Detached housing - Consists of individually owned, multistory dwellings arranged around or along a common outdoor space. • Multiplex - Combines two to six dwelling units into one structure; the individual dwelling unit is not distinctly expressed in the multiplex type. • Rowhouse - Attached dwelling units arranged side-by-side, typically in a linear manner. Altair Specific Plan 2-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description • Live/work - Combines residential and commercial uses into a single dwelling unit and are then repeated side-by-side to create a commercial strip that serves as the focus of a neighborhood. • Multifamily walk-up - Buildings of two to four stories combining stacked dwelling units. • Multifamily podium - Combines four or five stories of stacked dwelling units over a subterranean or partially subterranean enclosed parking garage. • Micro-unit - Efficiency dwelling units that provide affordable housing for smaller households. • Mixed-use - Combines two or more distinct uses into a single structure or group, typically residential in combination with neighborhood-serving commercial, service or office uses. These building types are assigned to seven neighborhood “villages” which, in turn, are overlaid with one of three proposed residential zones (Residential Zone [SP-R], Mixed-Use/Residential [SP-MR], or Mixed-Use [SP-M]), in combination with an active open space zone (SP-AO). The non-residential uses include an elementary school and a civic use area (“South Parcel”) which are covered by the Educational (SP-E) zone and Institutional (SP-I) zone, respectively, and natural open space (SP-NO). All residential uses would allow a small amount of accessory commercial use to support the neighborhood. These might be a corner coffee shop, ice cream parlor or live/work units with ground floor offices. Figure 2-2 shows the proposed land use plan and Figure 2-3 shows the proposed zoning overlay for the project. Table 2-1 shows the acreage breakdown of the land uses for the project. Each village is centered on a node or focal point separated by landscape terrain. The open space between the villages preserves the existing appearance of ravines extending from the upper hillside through the development, allowing similar drainage patterns and maintaining existing views. The villages are connected by an extensive network of pedestrian and bicycle paths. A summary description of each village and its characteristics is discussed below. TABLE 2-1 SPECIFIC PLAN ACREAGE BY USE Use Gross Acres Percent of Total Conservation Open Space 84.63 31.2% Passive Open Space 31.63 11.7% Parks / Trails 15.73 5.8% Community Recreation / Mixed Use 2.09 0.8% Developed Area (residential/elementary school/civic use) 103.49 38.2% Roadways 33.33 12.3% Total 270.90 100% SOURCE: Draft Altair Specific Plan, 2015. Altair Specific Plan 2-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 15 Rancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O S R-79 W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Civic Center Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M u r r i e t a C r e e k T E M E C U LA PARK W AY E s t r i b o C a m i n o School South Parcel (Civic Use) A B C D E F G Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 2-2 Land Use Plan SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan Open Space Civic/Community Residential 0 1200 Feet 15 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 SP-AO Active Open Space SP-NO Natural Open Space SP-R Residential Zone SP-M Mixed-Use SP-MR Mixed-Use / Residential SP-E Educational SP-I Institutional Figure 2-3 Proposed Zoning SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 0 1000 Feet R ancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O S R-79 W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M u r r i e t a C r e e k T E M E C U L A P A R K W AY 2. Project Description Village A Village A contains approximately 16 gross acres and is located at the northern end of the project. It is bounded by existing business parks on the north, the proposed Western Bypass on the east, and natural open space on the south and west. A portion of the village is on a previously graded pad with an elevation that would be above the Western Bypass and the adjacent business park, offering distant views to the north and east. Its development character would be defined by a higher density and scale of massing. Housing would be arranged around a formal green that would allow for passive sports play. The narrower shape of the site at the northern end, adjacent to natural open space, is potentially suited for lower density development. The main vehicular access to the site is at the southeast corner of the village from the Western Bypass, with a secondary access at the northwest corner, directly from the existing Ridge Park Drive. The proposed zoning for Village A is SP-R. Allowable building types include: detached housing, multiplex, rowhouses, live/work, micro-unit, multifamily walk-up, and multifamily podium. Building heights could range from two to five stories depending on the building type. Residential development density is anticipated to range from 9 to 18 dwelling units per acre (du/ac) with a maximum of 280 dwelling units allowed. Village B Village B contains approximately 12 gross acres and is located at the northern end of the development. Like Village A, it would function as a gateway site to the community. It is bounded by the proposed Western Bypass on the north, existing single and multifamily development on the east and south, and the proposed Altair Vista on the west. Like Village A, Village B is primarily on a previously graded pad, elevated well above the surrounding existing development. This village is located across from the proposed elementary school site, making it an ideal location for families with young children. Higher density residential is planned for compatibility with the activity generated by the school. Vehicular access would be on the west side of the village, from Altair Vista that runs north-south through the project site. A passive park/playground would be centrally located, to serve as the focal point. The proposed zoning for Village B is SP-R. Allowable building types include: multiplex, rowhouses, live/work, micro- unit, multifamily walk-up, and multifamily podium. Building heights could range from two to five stories depending on the building type. Residential development density is anticipated to range from 9 to 18 du/ac with a maximum of 220 dwelling units allowed. Village C Village C is the core of Altair. It is approximately 21 gross acres (not including the Elementary School Site) in size and located in the heart of the project. This village includes a five-acre central park, community center and clubhouse, and high density residential; and would allow up to 7,000 square feet (sf) of neighborhood-serving commercial development. It is bounded by the proposed elementary school on the north, single and multifamily development and religious facilities of Old Town Temecula on the east, Village D on the south, and the proposed Western Bypass on the west. Village C is divided into two main areas: the north core and the south core. The focal point of the project and Village C is a promontory plaza that sits atop the high point of the central park and visually and physically connects the project with Old Town Temecula, emphasizing a strong axis aligning with Altair, Main Street in Old Town Temecula, and City Altair Specific Plan 2-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description Hall. The plaza is flanked by two structures: the community recreation center with a pool located at the northwest end of the plaza; and a clubhouse at the northeast side of the plaza which would include a large outdoor patio that overlooks the park, valley, and distant mountains. Multistory attached or stacked residences would form the south edge of the plaza, possibly with street-level commercial uses. Immediately west of the plaza are steps that offer a grand vista as well as a connection to a regional bike path that runs parallel with the Western Bypass. These steps are bordered by the recreation center to the north and multistory housing to the south to form a public gathering space. The village is divided by terrain and roads into smaller neighborhoods linked by “A” Street. A planned street bridge crosses over the park and descending pathway, framing the park and natural hillside and serving as a gateway to the community from Old Town Temecula. It is anticipated that, of all the villages, Village C will receive the most visitors from outside the community to use the park and adjacent elementary school. Vehicular access would be from Altair Vista, Levant Trail via a connection with existing First Street, and “A” Street through the middle of the Village. Village C would have a combination of zones that include SP-R, SP-MR, SP-M, and SP-AO. Allowable building types include: detached housing, multiplex, rowhouses, live/work, micro-unit, multifamily walk-up, multifamily podium, and mixed-use. Building heights could range from two to five stories depending on the building type. Residential development density is anticipated to range from 18 to 29 du/ac, with a maximum of 225 dwellings units for the north core; and 21 to 33 du/ac, with a maximum of 440 dwelling units for the south core. Village D Village D is approximately nine gross acres in size and visually located on the axis with the First Street entrance into Altair. The village is on a stepped plateau defined by two open space ravines to the north and south. It is bounded by Village C on the north, multifamily development on the east, Village E on the south, and the proposed Western Bypass on the west. Altair Vista and incorporated pedestrian trails running north-south link the neighborhood park and village to the rest of the project. Vehicular access would be from Altair Vista that bisects the site and splits into one-way segments encompassing the park. The proposed zoning for Village D is SP-R and SP- MR. Allowable building types include: detached housing, multiplex, rowhouses, live/work, micro-unit, multifamily walk-up, and mixed-use. Up to 15,000 sf of ground floor accessory office, live/work or retail commercial development would be allowed along Altair Vista, oriented towards the neighborhood park. Building heights could range from two to four stories depending on the building type. Residential development density is anticipated to range from 8 to 18 du/ac, with a maximum of 160 dwellings units allowed. Village E Village E is approximately eight gross acres in size and is located on steep terrain that is most suitable for lower density residential development to minimize grading. The neighborhood park is on an east-west alignment to take advantage of the mountain views south and east of the site. The village is bounded by Village D on the north, multifamily development on the east, Village F on the south, and the proposed Western Bypass on the west. Vehicular access would be from Altair Vista that bisects the village. The proposed zoning for Village E is SP-R. Allowable building types include: detached housing, multiplex, rowhouses, live/work, micro-unit, and multifamily walk-up. Building heights could range from two to four stories depending on the building type. Altair Specific Plan 2-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description Residential development density is anticipated to range from 5 to 15 du/ac, with a maximum of 115 dwellings units allowed. Village F Village F is very linear and has a steep slope along the eastern edge. It is approximately nine gross acres in size and is bounded by Altair Vista and Village E on the north, proposed “B” Street North and multifamily development on the east, and the proposed Western Bypass on the south and west. Vehicular access would be from Altair Vista. There are two park locations in Village F; one centrally located adjacent to the entry and one at the southern tip overlooking the creek and valley beyond. The proposed zoning for Village F is SP-R. Allowable building types include: detached housing, multiplex, rowhouses, live/work, micro-unit, and multifamily walk-up. Building heights could range from two to four stories depending on the building type. Residential development density is anticipated to range from 7 to 20 du/ac, with a maximum of 180 dwellings units allowed. Village G Village G is south of the proposed Western Bypass on terrain that steeply slopes to the southeast. As such, a lower density development of clustered, detached homes is most appropriate, or some type of student housing should the South Parcel be developed as a higher education institution. This village is approximately seven gross acres in size and is bounded by the proposed Western Bypass on the north, “B” Street South on the east, “C” Street on the south, and open space on the west. Vehicular access would be from “C” Street. The proposed zoning for Village G is SP-R. Allowable building types include: detached housing, multiplex, rowhouses, multi-family walk-up, multifamily podium and micro-unit. Building heights could range from two to four stories depending on the building type. Residential development density is anticipated to range from 4 to 18 du/ac, with a maximum of 130 dwellings units allowed. South Parcel 1 This parcel is located at the southern end of the Specific Plan area and contains approximately 55 gross acres, most of which would be conserved as natural open space. The development area is approximately 19 acres with a buildable area of approximately 10 acres after site preparation. The parcel is bordered by “B” Street South, “C” Street, and Metropolitan Water District pipeline property on the north, Murrieta Creek on the east and south, and Camino Estribo and natural open space on the west. Vehicular access is via the existing road referred to as “B” Street South from the proposed Western Bypass. The proposed zoning for this parcel is SP-I and SP-NO. The South Parcel could be developed as an educational facility that may accommodate up to 5,000 students, or an office/research and development campus. In addition to, or in lieu of an educational/research facility, other institutional uses may include, but are not limited to, a convention center, hospital and/or cultural center. Regardless of the use(s), the project would allow a maximum of 450,000 building square feet on the development area of the site, with buildings up to five stories in height. Project features have been incorporated into the development area to buffer possible wildlife activity in the adjacent conservation area and soften building mass, such as dense plantings on top of an approximately 10-foot-high vegetated berm 1 The South Parcel may also be referred to as the Civic Site in this EIR and associated appendices. Altair Specific Plan 2-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description on the southern side of the development area, the installation of “living walls” (green walls or modular vegetated walls) on the south and west sides of buildings located on perimeter lots, and the retention of a non-paved road section for the portion of Camino Estribo west of the development area up to the County line to discourage vehicular traffic and encourage slow driving speeds. Elementary School Site The elementary school site is approximately seven gross acres in size and would be dedicated to the Temecula Valley Unified School District to serve the residents of Altair and nearby neighborhoods. It is estimated that the site would have a buildable area of approximately five acres after site preparation. It is anticipated that the school would accommodate 600 to 730 students in grades K through 6. It is bounded by the proposed Western Bypass on the west, proposed Altair Vista on the north and east, and Village C and the community center on the south. Several pedestrian and bicycle paths converge on this location to allow safe, non-vehicular access to this site from all directions. The proposed zoning for the school site is SP-E. Buildings up to two stories in height would be allowed. Vehicular access would be from proposed Altair Vista which is a public street in this portion, adjacent to the elementary school. 2.3.2 Development Standards and Design Guidelines Development standards and design guidelines outlined in the Altair Specific Plan would work in tandem with Title 17 of the Temecula Municipal Code (also referred to as the City of Temecula Development Code) to regulate the development of the project. The main sections of the Specific Plan that include development regulations for the project are: Section 3, Land Use; Section 4, Circulation; Section 5, Grading; Section 8, Open Space and Recreation; Section 9, Design Guidelines; and Section 10, Development Standards. In particular, Table 2-2 shows the proposed residential zone, density, and intensity by village area for the project; Table 2-3 shows the use regulations by zone; and Table 2-4 shows building setbacks and height limitations by village area from Section 10 of the Altair Specific Plan. Altair Specific Plan 2-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description TABLE 2-2 PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL ZONE, DENSITY, AND INTENSITY BY VILLAGE AREA Village Area Lot No. Principal Land Use Zone Lot Area (acres) Density Range (dwelling units/acre) Intensity Range (dwelling units) Min Max Min Max Village A 1 to 4 Residential SP-R 15.6 9 18 140 280 Village B 5 and 6 Residential SP-R 12.4 9 18 110 220 Village C (north) 8 to 10 Residential SP-R, SP-M 7.8 18 29 140 225 Village C (south) 11 to 18 Residential SP-R, SP-MR 13.4 21 33 280 440 Village D 19 to 22 Residential SP-R 9.0 8 19 70 160 Village E 23 to 27 Residential SP-R 7.8 5 15 40 115 Village F 28 and 29 Residential SP-R 9.0 7 20 60 180 Village G 30 and 31 Residential SP-R 7.3 4 18 30 130 Total 870 1750 TABLE 2-3 PROPOSED USE REGULATIONS BY ZONE Description of Use Open Space Residential Mixed‐Use Public/Institutional SP-AO SP-NO SP‐R SP‐M SP-MR SP‐E SP‐I Residential 2 Single‐family detached - - P P P ‐ ‐ Duplex (two‐family dwellings) - - P P P ‐ ‐ Single‐family attached (greater than two units) - - P P P ‐ ‐ Multiple‐family - - P P P ‐ ‐ Manufactured Homes - - - ‐ - ‐ ‐ Mobile Home Park - - ‐ ‐ - ‐ ‐ Efficiency Units - - P P P ‐ ‐ Transitional Housing - - C C C ‐ ‐ Secondary Dwelling Unit 4 - - P P P ‐ ‐ Group Homes - - C C C ‐ ‐ Congregate care facilities (elderly or disabled) - - C C C ‐ ‐ Residential care facilities (for elderly, disabled, mentally disordered, dependent or neglected children) - - C C C ‐ ‐ Recovery or treatment facility - - C ‐ - ‐ ‐ Guest House 4 - - C P P ‐ ‐ Boarding, rooming and lodging facilities - - C P P ‐ P Bed and breakfast establishment - - C P P ‐ ‐ Family day care homes - - P P P ‐ ‐ Live/ Work - - P P P ‐ ‐ Home Occupation - - P P P ‐ ‐ Nonresidential Day care centers - - P3 P C P P Educational, K‐8th grade - - ‐ ‐ - P C Altair Specific Plan 2-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description TABLE 2-3 PROPOSED USE REGULATIONS BY ZONE Description of Use Open Space Residential Mixed‐Use Public/Institutional SP-AO SP-NO SP‐R SP‐M SP-MR SP‐E SP‐I Educational, trade or vocational school - - ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ P Higher Education - - ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ P Conference facility - - ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ P Libraries - - P3 P P P P Museums and galleries (nonprofit) - - P3 P P P P Nonprofit clubs and lodge halls - - P3 P P ‐ ‐ Religious Institutions - - ‐ C C C P Hospital and Ancillary Medical Office - - ‐ - - - P Commercial Retail - - P P P - - Restaurant - - P P P - P Offices - - P P P - C Open Space Community Gardens P - P - - P P Athletic Field P - - - - P P Bicycle Paths P C P P P P P Communications and microwave installations C - C C C C C Game courts, badminton, tennis, racquetball P - - P P P P Golf course and clubhouse, driving range - - - - - - - Nature centers / exhibits P C P - - P P Parking Areas P1 - P P P P P Picnic group facilities P C P - - P P Private parks and recreation facilities P - P P P P P Public parks and recreation facilities P C - - C P P Recreational vehicle park - - - - - - - Riding stable, public or private - - - - - - C Shooting galleries, ranges, archery courses - - - - - - - P = Use is permitted in subject zone C = Use is conditionally permitted subject to the approval of a Conditional Use Permit - = Use is prohibited in subject zone 1 Parking for park visitor use only 2 Conform with Housing Type regulations per Sections 10.10-10.21, Altair Specific Plan 3 A CUP is required if use is added after initial development 4 Conform with “accessory dwelling” regulations per Sections 10.11-10.21, Altair Specific Plan Altair Specific Plan 2-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description TABLE 2-4 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS Village A Village B Village C Village D Village E Village F Village G School South Parcel min maxc min maxc min maxc min maxc min maxc min maxc min maxc min maxc min maxc Lot Minimum Lot Acre N/A Minimum Lot Frontage Determined by Building Type. (See Sections 10.10-10.18 of the Altair Specific Plan) Setbacks (feet)a,b From Altair Vista Property Line 3d 10d 3 10 3 5e 0 5e 0 5e 3 ‐ 3 ‐ 5 ‐ From Western Bypass ROW 20 130 20 100 10 ‐ 10 ‐ From Ridge Park Drive ROW 20 160 From Levant Trail ROW 3 ‐ From King Road Property Line 0 5 From Camino Estribo ROW 10 - All other Lot Lines 0 ‐ 0 ‐ 0 ‐ 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 ‐ 0 ‐ Height Maximum Height (feet)f,g 65 70 75 65 55 55 55 50 85 Maximum Stories 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 2 5 Other Requirements Park Space Minimum Total Area 0.95 acre 0.60 acre 5.00 acres 0.87 acre 0.50 acre 1.00 acre 0.35 acre 2.00 - Minimum Contiguous Area 0.65 acre 0.40 acre 5.00 acres 0.87 acre 0.25 acre 0.40 acres - 1.50 - Common Open Space (sq. ft. per unit) Determined by Building Type. (See Sections 10.10‐10.18 of the Altair Specific Plan) Private Open Space (sq. ft. per unit) Determined by Building Type. (See Sections 10.10‐10.18 of the Altair Specific Plan) Allowable Building Types Detached Housing (Section 10.11)       Multiplex (Section 10.12)        Rowhouse (Section 10.13)        Live / Work (Section 10.14)      Multifamily Walk‐Up (Section 10.15)        Multifamily Podium (Section 10.16)    Micro Unit (Section 10.17)        Mixed Use (Section 10.18)   Iconic Tower (Section 10.19)  a. Setbacks do not apply to interior lot lines. b. See Section 10.5, Altair Specific Plan for allowable encroachments into setback area. c. At least 30% of the building frontage area must comply with the maximum setback. See Fig. 10.1 in the Altair Specific Plan. d. Measured from Boundary Road easement at Village A. e. May be increased to 8 feet maximum where an arcade is provided per Section 9.4, Altair Specific Plan. f. Structure height is measured as the vertical distance from the grade established by the Grading Plan exhibit referenced in this Specific Plan to the highest point of the parapet of a flat or mansard roof, or to the mid‐point of a gable, hip or gambrel roof. Screened mechanical and electrical equipment, chimneys, towers, railings and other integral parts of a building or structure occupying no more than five percent of the roof area shall be excluded from this measurement. Photovoltaic panels and their support framework may be excluded from this measurement. g. Buildings greater than 55 feet in height from the lowest floor of fire department access shall provide certain high‐rise provisions in compliance with Section 15.16.020‐ 1.1.7.1 of the Temecula Municipal Code. Altair Specific Plan 2-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description 2.3.3 Circulation The circulation plan for Altair overlaps vehicular, pedestrian, and bicycle systems to provide transportation choices and promote a safe and healthy environment. The focus is on human- powered circulation while accommodating the automobile. The project incorporates the concept of “complete streets.” Narrow travel lanes and roundabouts calm traffic while improving traffic flow. A network of integrated and separate sidewalks, bikeways, and trails provides safe opportunities for walking, cycling, and jogging; and serves to connect the project’s villages and Old Town Temecula. Buildings and landscape treatment along circulation routes would define streets and pathways and contribute to a cohesive community. Pedestrian Walkways, Trails, and Bikeways A pedestrian and cycling network runs through the active open spaces and connects adjacent neighborhoods and Old Town Temecula. Village nodes are within a five-minute walk from each other and the project site can be traversed north to south in about 30 minutes. Old Town is within a 10 to 15 minute walk from the village core (Village C) and elementary school site. The trail and bikeway system and types are designed to be consistent with and promote the goals and objectives of the Temecula Multi-Use Trails and Bikeways Master Plan. The trail and bikeway network would include the following: Class 1 bikeways that are separated from vehicular traffic with a minimum width of eight feet; key eight-foot wide pedestrian/bikeways separated from vehicular traffic that connect the planned villages and open spaces; hiking trails that run along the eastern slope of the project, connecting various points of interest and the elementary school site; and sidewalks located on both sides of Altair Vista through the project and on “A” Street within Village C. Figure 2-4 shows the proposed pedestrian and bicycle circulation plan for the project. Vehicular Circulation The vehicular circulation system is influenced by the linear shape of the project site, grading constraints on the project site, and connections to the existing offsite street network. The main offsite connections would be at Vincent Moraga Drive on the north, First Street on the east, and Temecula Parkway (SR-79 South) on the south. The backbone of the street network would consist of four major streets: the Western Bypass, Altair Vista, Levant Trail and “B” Street. The Western Bypass, a portion of Altair Vista between Levant Trail and the Western Bypass, the round-about connecting First Street with Levant Trail, the portion of “B” Street from Pujol Street to the South Parcel and “C” Street are the public street segments in the project. The Western Bypass, a proposed four-lane thoroughfare, would be constructed as part of the project and would link Temecula Parkway to Rancho California Road via Vincent Moraga Road. The Western Bypass would allow through-traffic to bypass Old Town Temecula and help relieve traffic congestion. As such, intersections along the Western Bypass would be limited. Due to its elevation and location, this route would be a scenic drive, providing easterly views over the project and the city of Temecula and to the mountains and valleys beyond. Altair Vista would be an internal, north-south two-lane road that connects the planned villages and elementary school site. Its cross-section would vary to slow traffic and provide on-street parking, depending on its location and the character of each village. Altair Specific Plan 2-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 G F E D C B A Rancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O S R-79 W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Civic Center Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M ur i e tt a C r e e k T E M E C U LA PARK W AY School Civic Use Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Class 1 Bikeway (8’ width) Key Walkway (8’ min. width) Hiking Trail (5’ width) Sidewalks (6’ min. width) Mid-block Crossing Figure 2-4 Pedestrian Bicycle Circulation SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 0 1200 Feet 2. Project Description In general, it would include a tree-lined parkway and sidewalks. Levant Trail would run from First Street to the elementary school site as a private street where it would connect with Altair Vista. Roundabouts are proposed at strategic locations to slow and coordinate traffic without signalized intersections. “B” Street North and South intersects the Western Bypass Road just west of the bridge over Murrieta Creek and provides access to Altair Vista to the north and the South Parcel and Village G (via a connection to “C” Street) to the south. Portions “B” Street are offsite. Figure 2-5 shows the circulation plan for the project. Section 4, Circulation, in the Altair Specific Plan provides the design details of each street. Offsite Roadway Improvements The project proposes connections to existing offsite Circulation Element roadways as identified in the General Plan and EIR (SCH No. 2003061041. There are several other offsite roadway connections that will complete the project’s proposed onsite circulation layout and provide enhanced traffic flow. Connecting the Western Bypass to the existing westerly end of Temecula Parkway near the southern end of the project requires the construction of the Western Bypass Bridge over Murrieta Creek. This four-lane bridge was designed and approved by the City as PW 06-04 and has received the necessary environmental clearances (City of Temecula, 2009; SCH No. 2009061038) and regulatory agency permits (e.g., Section 404 permit, Section 401 Certification, Streambed Alteration Agreement, and Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority determination). The developer of the Altair Specific Plan will work with the City to construct this bridge as part of the Western Bypass construction. As currently shown in the City’s General Plan, the Western Bypass is contemplated to continue north, over Rancho California Road with an ultimate connection at Via Industria. While currently aligned higher on the hillside and connecting further north in a more environmentally disruptive location, the project proposes to modify the northerly alignment to connect to the existing Vincent Moraga Drive right-of-way (ROW) so that existing Diaz Road north of Rancho California Road will now become the northerly extension of the Western Bypass. This revised alignment creates not only a less intrusive pathway and more scenic ambiance but also preserves roughly 55 acres that would otherwise have been developed. This revised alignment will occur at the southerly end of Vincent Moraga and continue north to its intersection at Rancho California Road. This section of Vincent Moraga Drive would be improved to a four-lane roadway as part of the project. As a result, the Vincent Moraga street section will be a modified Major Arterial within an 80-foot ROW. This will require that additional ROW be acquired and improvements be made to meet the demands of the increased traffic. The City has already received approval of the realignment from Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG) as part of their Transportation Uniform Mitigation Fee (TUMF) roadway network and fee structure. The new alignment of the Western Bypass will require a General Plan Amendment. At the southerly end of the site, the project will improve an existing unimproved utility maintenance road described as “B” Street South. and “C” Street to a Local Road (60-foot ROW) standard. These improvements would provide access to Village G and the South Parcel. Portions of “B” Street S. and “C” Street will cross over offsite Metropolitan Water District (MWD) property. Those offsite portions will be improved to MWD standards and require permanent easements from the District. Altair Specific Plan 2-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 15 Altair Vista Levant Trail Western Bypass Corridor “A” Street “C” Street “B” Street N. “B” Street S. Camino Estribo Rancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O S R-79 W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Civic Center Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M u r r i e t a C r e e k T E M E C U LA PARK W AY E s t r i b o C a m i n o School South Parcel (Civic Use) A B C D E F G Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 2-5 Circulation Plan SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 0 1200 Feet 2. Project Description Altair will also have offsite improvements to complete at the terminus of existing Pujol Street and the proposed intersection with “B” Street and the Western Bypass, just west of the proposed Bridge over Murrieta Creek. These improvements would complete the project connection to the realignment of Pujol currently under construction as part of the recently approved Shearwater Creek project. The secondary entrance for Village C is Levant Trail, a private split level roadway that will connect to the existing improvements on First Street. This connection will require the construction of a proposed public round-about and pavement transitions, some which will be within existing offsite ROW. Offsite improvements are also proposed within the existing 60-foot unimproved ROW for Main Street from the easterly project boundary to Pujol Street. One of the primary pedestrian connections between Altair and Old Town is across the recently constructed Main Street bridge. Improvements have been constructed throughout Main Street from City Hall at the east end to Pujol Street on the west end. West of the Pujol Street and Main Street intersection is an existing dirt area that is approximately 60 feet wide by 220 feet long in which the City of Temecula holds easement rights. As part of the project, the developer would construct and maintain offsite improvements within this area that would serve as a pedestrian promenade to transition from Main Street into the project site and complete the connection. The planning of this area would also provide vehicular access to the existing structures adjacent north and south of this area. Public Transit Old Town Temecula is currently served by bus transit operated by the Riverside Transit Agency. The Temecula Trolley (Route 55) is a loop route that circulates just east of Interstate 15 next to The Promenade at Temecula and Harveston School Road at the north end. Route 55 connects mostly residential neighborhoods to commercial, retail and school uses, including Promenade Mall and the County Center. Route 55 operates on Winchester Road, Ynez Road, Overland Drive, and Margarita Road, among others, within the study area. Old Town Temecula is also served internally by the Old Town Trolley Program, a trolley-style bus supported by the Old Town Temecula businesses. The project is proposing an extension of the Old Town Trolley route, the current loop runs from 2nd to 6th Streets along Mercedes Street and Old Town Front Street, to link Altair with Old Town. The project is proposing an extension of this route to link Altair with Old Town. The proposed route would follow Main Street west to Pujol Street, then south to First Street, west to proposed Levant Trail, then north and west along Levant Trail to the elementary school site at Altair Vista, then south on Altair Vista to the community center. The trolley would continue south on Altair Vista, then southeast on “B” Street, north on Pujol Street, east on Main Street, across the bridge and back to Old Town Front Street to complete the loop. 2.3.4 Utilities Storm Drainage and Water Quality The project site is situated at the base of the Santa Rosa foothills on the westerly side of the Temecula Valley. Runoff from these foothills flows easterly across the project site and directly or indirectly into Murrieta Creek. The project proposes an onsite and offsite storm drainage system Altair Specific Plan 2-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description to collect and transport storm flows through the site as required by the City of Temecula. The Murrieta Creek is a regional drainage facility and under the jurisdiction of Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. This system will include isolated storm drain facilities to convey offsite and open space runoff that is not required to be treated for water quality purposes onsite. This dual system will minimize the potential comingling of runoff from the developed and non-developed areas of the project. This secondary system will collect and carry storm flows from the natural open spaces west of the proposed Western Bypass, through the project site, and directly into Murrieta Creek. The other storm drain system would collect and treat surface runoff from the proposed development, before exiting the site. The onsite drainage system is designed and sized to convey a 100-year storm event. Flows from the open space would be collected in ten inlet structures. The onsite catch basins and piping system would collect flows from the developed portion of the project site and treat these flows in a series of basins, swales and bioretention trenches. There are seven main outlets for the onsite network of storm drains. Village A is tributary to the existing 60-inch storm drain in Ridge Park Drive, Village B drains directly into the existing concrete lined channel adjacent to the easterly project boundary, and the northerly portion of Village C is tributary to the existing inlet and 48-inch pipe aligned within Sixth Street. The central portion of Village C is tributary to a proposed 36-inch storm drain in Main Street to be extended easterly to Murrieta Creek. The remaining portion of Village C is tributary to the existing 42-inch pipe in First Street that connects directly to Murrieta Creek. Villages D and E areas are tributary to the existing onsite 36-inch and 24-inch pipes along with the existing concrete channels of Tract Map 36568. Village G and H would both convey storm flows directly into Murrieta Creek adjacent to the easterly project boundary. Figure 2-6 shows the conceptual design of the storm drainage system for the project. The onsite drainage plan as proposed utilizes the project’s streets, open channels, and underground storm drains to convey stormwater flows. To adequately control stormwater quality, both point and non-point sources of urban pollutants must be identified and controlled. As required by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), the runoff from the proposed developed surfaces will be treated for water quality purposes. This treatment train will incorporate a variety of biofiltration and bioretention facilities along with bioswales where feasible to reduce any potential water quality impacts on Murrieta Creek and the Santa Margarita River Watershed. A Preliminary Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) has been prepared that identifies the Best Management Practices (BMPs) for stormwater treatment facilities, source control, and site design (Appendix G of this EIR). The Preliminary WQMP addresses the project- specific constraints of the site and proposed treatment and filtration of stormwater runoff. The project will also be required to comply with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Construction Activity Storm Water Permit. This permit will be required prior to receipt of a grading permit from the City of Temecula and requires the submission of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) which will also identify proposed BMPs. Altair Specific Plan 2-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 15 Rancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O SR-79 W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Civic Center Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M u r i e t t a C r e e k T E M E C ULA PARK WAY Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 2-6 Drainage Plan SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 0 1200 Feet Proposed Storm Drain Existing Storm Drain Basin 2. Project Description The proposed onsite drainage and water quality system facilities located on privately held land would be privately owned and maintained by the proposed Home Owners Association (HOA), while portions of the system within a public ROW would be maintained by the City of Temecula. All stormwater and associated water quality facilities would be designed to comply with the City of Temecula and, where applicable, the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District requirements. Water System The Altair Specific Plan is located within the service area of the Rancho California Water District (RCWD). The project is located within the District’s Santa Rosa division and more specifically the 1305 Pressure Zone. The District’s main source of domestic water is from the Metropolitan Water District’s two exiting San Diego Aqueduct pipelines Number 4 and 5. These pipelines traverse the southern end of the project site between the South Parcel and Village G. The southerly end, the Altair Specific Plan will make two connections to the existing 30-inch transmission main within the proposed ROW of “C” Street and “B” Street South. This portion of the proposed system would provide domestic and fire service to Village G and the South Parcel. The central portion of the project would connect to the existing 21-inch transmission main in the Pujol Street ROW at two locations. The southerly location will extend a 12-inch main northwesterly in the proposed Western Bypass to the park area (Open Space Lot 50 on the tentative tract map) between Village F and Village E. At this location the 12-inch main will traverse the project northerly within the Altair Vista public access and utility easement. The second connection would be with the existing 21-inch main in Pujol Street at First Street. This 12-inch connection would be brought onsite within the Levant Trail public ROW to connect to the proposed 12-inch water main in the Altair Vista public access and utility easement. To complete the looped domestic and fire service system Villages A and B would provide the northerly connection to the existing 12-inch main in Ridge Park Drive. This connection would extend a 12-inch main line southerly within the Western Bypass to the intersection with Altair Vista before providing a primary connection for the central portion of the project. Figure 2-7 shows the conceptual design of the main water lines for the project. Offsite Water Improvements Offsite water improvements would be limited to two 12-inch main line connections to the existing 21-inch domestic transmission line within the existing Pujol Street ROW; one at the southern end of the Western Bypass and “B” Street North and the other at Pujol Street and First Street, in the central portion of the project adjacent to Village C. A third offsite connection would occur within the existing Ridge Park Drive ROW where the proposed Western Bypass intersects with Ridge Park Drive and Vincent Moraga. This would also be a 12-inch connection to the existing 12-inch domestic water line at that location. Onsite water systems serving the various villages would be constructed by subsequent merchant builders and would be private systems. Altair Specific Plan 2-21 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 15 Rancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O SR-79 T E M E C ULA PARKWAY W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Civic Center Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M u r i e t t a C r e e k Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 2-7 Domestic Water Plan SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 0 1200 Feet Existing Water Proposed Water 2. Project Description Recycled Water Recycled water is provided by the Rancho California Water District (RCWD) via their Santa Rosa Treatment Plant. The District maintains an existing 20-inch reclaimed water line in Vincent Moraga at Felix Valdez that is part of the District’s 1381 Pressure Zone. The same system also extends southerly in Pujol Street to First Street. At the southerly end of the project, the City’s approved Western Bypass bridge plans propose to bring two 20-inch recycled water lines westerly across Murrieta Creek from the existing 24-inch recycled main line in Old Town Front Street. This westerly extension within the proposed bridge from Old Town Front Street to the intersection of the Western Bypass and “B” Street North would provide a secondary connection point to RCWD’s recycled water system and meet the project’s irrigation demands. The onsite recycled water system would connect through the project via a proposed 8-inch line in the Western Bypass from Vincent Moraga to the north and “B” Street from the south. The central portion of the Altair Specific Plan would be served by an 8-inch line connected offsite to the existing 20-inch recycled line in Pujol Street within the existing Main Street ROW. The South Parcel and Village G to the south would be served by a 10-inch line within the proposed “B” Street South ROW. At the northerly end of the project, recycled water would be provided by an offsite connection to the existing 20-inch recycled main at the intersection of Vincent Moraga and Felix Valdez. This northerly connection proposes an 8-inch line to be extended southerly to the project site within the proposed Western Bypass. In the central portion of the site, adjacent to Village C, an offsite 10-inch recycled line would be extended to the site within the Main Street ROW. At the southerly end, the project would extend two proposed 12-inch pipelines as part of the City-approved Western Bypass bridge project on to the site to serve the southerly portion of the project and provide temporary irrigation water for the manufactured slopes adjacent to the Western Bypass and connect to the northerly extension to provide service throughout the project. Figure 2-8 shows the conceptual design of the reclaimed water lines for the project. Sanitary Sewer The project is within the boundaries of Eastern Municipal Water District’s (EMWD) sanitary sewer service area. Project generated wastewater flows would be transported via a proposed network of onsite and offsite gravity pipes and interconnections with the District’s existing offsite Pujol Street lift station. The existing Pujol Lift Station is tributary to the nearby Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant that is operated by RCWD. The estimated average-flow and peak-flow wastewater generated by the project is 0.35 million gallons per day (mgd) and 1.09 mgd, respectively. The District is currently upgrading the Pujol Lift Station as part of the upgrading of the sanitary sewer system in the Old Town area to the west that is also tributary to the Pujol Lift Station. These upgrades are designed to accommodate the build out of the project and will include a District-installed 24-inch force main to add additional capacity to the existing force main system connected to the Pujol Lift Station. The onsite sanitary sewer system is comprised of typically 8-inch and 10-inch gravity pipes. Lots 1 and 2 of Village A would connect to the existing 8-inch pipe in Ridge Park Drive. The remaining portion of Village A, including all of Village B and the northerly portion of Village C, is tributary to Sixth Street. The remaining portion of Village C, including Villages D through F, are tributary to First Street. Altair Specific Plan 2-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 15 Rancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O SR-79 T E M E C ULA PARKW AY W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Civic Center Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M u r i e t t a C r e e k Existing Reclaimed Water Proposed Reclaimed Water Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 2-8 Reclaimed Water SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 0 1200 Feet 2. Project Description Village G and the South Parcel are tributary to the Pujol Lift Station via a proposed offsite gravity line within the existing Pujol Street ROW. Onsite sewer systems would be constructed by subsequent merchant builders and would be private systems. Figure 2-9 shows the conceptual design of the sanitary sewer system. Offsite Sanitary Sewer Improvements The proposed offsite sanitary sewer system is directed and ultimately connected to the existing Pujol Lift Station at the southeast corner of Pujol Street and First Street adjacent to First Street bridge, and operated by EMWD. To accommodate the anticipated additional development within Old Town to the west and the southerly end of Temecula, the District is currently upgrading the Pujol Lift Station and will install a 24-inch force main to provide the estimated capacity for Altair. This force main will be extended northerly within the existing District easement adjacent to the project’s easterly boundary. This facility will then be extended in Vincent Moraga / Diaz Road to a connection point downstream of the existing Diaz Lift Station. Wastewater generated from the southern end of the project site (Village G and the South Parcel) will be transported across the proposed Western Bypass via a 10-inch pipe to existing Pujol Street and extended northerly within the existing ROW to First Street and connect to the Pujol Lift Station with a 15-inch pipe. At the offsite sewer connection to Sixth Street and Pujol Street, a new 15-inch sewer will be installed to replace the existing 8-inch line to provide the estimated capacity required by EMWD. The central portion of the project would connect to the existing Pujol Lift Station with the offsite construction of a 12-inch gravity pipe extended easterly within the existing First Street ROW to Pujol Street. As part of the District upgrades to the Pujol Lift Station facility, the existing 12-inch effluent force main will be replaced with a new 16-inch force main and the Pujol Lift Station will be disconnected from the existing regional Pala Lift Station system. The existing 18-inch force main will then be connected to the Pujol Lift Station. The District- proposed 24-inch force main would provide additional capacity to the Pala Lift Station system. Since portions of this sanitary sewer system would be sized to accommodate offsite wastewater flows from additional tributary offsite properties, EMWD would financially participate in the incremental cost of upsizing any facilities over the project demands. Dry Utilities The project is within Southern California Gas Company’s natural gas service area. The project would be served by an existing 6-inch transmission line within an onsite easement that extends westerly across the project site to serve residential estate homes west of Altair. Upon construction of the affected portion of Altair, the gas line would be relocated by the purveyor as directed by their existing easement. Electrical service would be provided by Southern California Edison by the extension of the existing infrastructure adjacent to the project. Verizon would provide telephone and fiber optic internet and Time Warner Cable would provide cable, telephone, and internet service to the project. Altair Specific Plan 2-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 15 Rancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O SR-79 T E M E C ULA PAR WAY W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Civic Center Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M u r i e t t a C r e e k Existing Sewer(Gravity) Existing Force Main Proposed Sewer Proposed Force Main (by EMWD) Existing Lift Station Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 2-9 Sewer Plan SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 0 1200 Feet 2. Project Description 2.3.5 Construction Phasing Plan Altair would be developed in three phases over an approximate 10-year time frame, with the phased construction of streets, utilities and other infrastructure, as needed, for each respective phase. It is anticipated that development would start at the north end of the project and proceed southerly. Figure 2-10 shows the proposed phasing plan. While three construction phases are anticipated, is possible that these phases would be divided into sub-phases to better accommodate development. This would not change the proposed duration of build-out (estimated to be 10 years), intensity of construction activities, or the amount of development. Therefore, while the areas of development may be sub-divided in a different manner, the impacts, analyzes, and findings discussed in Chapter 3 of this EIR would not change. Project Construction Each phase of construction would involve site clearing, grading and excavation, site contouring, installation of improvements and structural development, and site clean-up. A total of approximately 3,834,100 cubic yards of excavation and 3,792,500 cubic yards of fill are estimated for the total project, including remedial grading as recommended by the geotechnical engineer. This earthwork analysis represents a potential export of approximately 41,600 cubic yards that would be balanced onsite. Temporary nighttime construction may be required near the intersection of Vincent Moraga and Rancho Cal Road (due to traffic on Rancho Cal Road), but would not occur in any areas adjacent to existing or proposed Conservation Areas. Water consumption during construction of each phase is estimated as follows: Phase 1 – 46 acre-feet (AF), Phase 2 – 128 AF, and Phase 3 – 161 AF; for a total of 335 AF. Construction of each phase is estimated to take approximately 2 to 3 years to complete. Initial construction is anticipated to begin within 12 months of project approval by the City of Temecula. Altair Specific Plan 2-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 15 Rancho California Rd First Street Main Street t e e r t S t n o r F n w o T d l O S R-79 W E S T E R N B Y P A S S V i n c e n t M o r a g a D r P u j o l S t r e e t Civic Center Old T o w n F r o n t S t r e e t P u j o l S t r e e t R i d g e P a r k D r i v e M u r i e t t a C r e e k T E M E C U LA PARK W AY Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 1 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 2-10 Phasing Plan SOURCE: Altair Specic Plan 0 1200 Feet 2. Project Description 2.3.6 Project Conservation Features The project applicant has voluntarily committed to several conservation features as part of the project that will further aid in the conservation of sensitive habitats and the enhancement of wildlife movement and genetic diversity of mountain lions in the region. These features, however, are not being relied upon as a form of mitigation, and therefore are not necessary to reduce the project’s impacts to a less-than-significant level. Further, the EIR evaluates the proj ect’s environmental impacts without these voluntary conservation features, and the project’s impacts would be reduced through the enforceable mitigation measures provided in this EIR. 1. San Diego ambrosia translocation: The applicant will translocate the San Diego ambrosia population to minimize impacts to this species. The translocation will occur on already conserved land within 10 miles of the project site. The receptor site will be selected in conjunction with the City, the Western Riverside Regional Conservation Authority (RCA) and resource agencies. The applicant will prepare a translocation plan for City review and approval prior to implementing the translocation effort. The RCA will be responsible for any long-term management and monitoring obligations as part of their overall management and monitoring efforts for the MSHCP preserve. 2. Conservation of 269.6 acres: The project applicant will donate to the RCA a conservation easement over 269.6 acres of hillside escarpment in the city of Corona that is adjacent to a MSHCP Criteria Cells. The easement is valued at $150,000. 3. Conservation of 8.97 acres: The project applicant will assign to the RCA an existing Purchase and Sale Agreement (P&SA) for the acquisition of 8.97 acres located on the hillside escarpment adjacent to the proposed project for conservation. The project applicant has already paid $150,000 into escrow toward the $335,000 amount provided in the PS&A for purchase of the property, which funds would be included as part of the assignment to the RCA of the P&SA. Therefore, the assignment to the RCA is valued at $150,000. 4. Additional funding for conservation efforts: The project applicant will provide $200,000 in funding to the City to be used to fund any of the following conservation activities: A. All or a portion of the remaining cost for the RCA to acquire the 8.97-acre parcel identified under Item 3. B. A wildlife connectivity study to be prepared by the City and the RCA within the Interstate 15 freeway Special Linkage Area south of the proposed project. The purpose of the connectivity study is to evaluate locations and initiate engineering for a wildlife overcrossing or undercrossing across the Interstate 15 freeway, which will allow wildlife (including mountain lion) to safely travel between the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve and the Palomar Mountain regions. C. Acquisition by the City and the RCA of lands within the Special Linkage Area south of the proposed project for conservation and/or to contribute toward Item 4B. Altair Specific Plan 2-29 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 2. Project Description 2.4 Discretionary Approvals This project-level EIR is intended to provide documentation pursuant to CEQA to cover the discretionary approvals that are required to implement the Altair Specific Plan. Actions and approvals required by the City of Temecula in association with the project include, but are not limited to, the following: • Development Agreement • Tentative Tract Map • Specific Plan • Certification of the Final EIR and Mitigation, Monitoring and Reporting Program • General Plan Amendment to amend: o existing Land Use Policy Map o existing Roadway Plan • Zoning Ordinance Amendment to: o replace the existing zoning designations (BP – Business Park; OS-Open Space; SP-8, Westside Specific Plan) with new zones and associated use and development regulations and standards for the Specific Plan area o modify the Zoning Map to show the Altair Specific Plan No. for the project site • Grading permits • Building permits • Home product review/development plans for future buildings Permits and/or approvals that are required for the project from other agencies include, but are not limited to, the following: • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – Section 404 permit • California Department of Fish and Wildlife – Streambed Alteration Agreement • San Diego Regional Water Quality Control District – NPDES Construction General Permit, Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, Section 401 certification Altair Specific Plan 2-30 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 CHAPTER 3 Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics This section describes the existing visual or aesthetic resources within and surrounding the project area, and analyzes the impacts of the project on these resources. The evaluation is based on the project’s potential to impact visual character and quality and create light and glare, and compares the existing visual character of the site to that resulting from implementation of the project. Visual or aesthetic resources are generally defined as both the natural and built features of the landscape that contribute to the public’s experience and appreciation of the environment. Depending on the extent to which a project’s presence would alter the perceived visual character and quality of the environment, a visual or aesthetic impact may occur. Familiarity with the following terms and concepts will aid the reader in understanding the content of this chapter. Visual character is a general description of the visual attributes of a particular land use setting. An area’s visual character generally includes a description of the visual attributes of a particular land use setting. The purpose of defining the visual character of an area is to provide the context within which the visual quality of a particular site or locale is most likely to be perceived by the viewing public. For urban areas, visual character is typically described on the neighborhood level or in terms of areas of common land use, intensity of development, and/or landscaping and urban design features. For natural and open space settings, visual character is most commonly described in terms of areas with common landscape attributes, such as landform, vegetation, or water features. A project viewshed is defined as the general area from which a project would be visible or could be seen. For purposes of describing a project’s visual setting and assessing potential visual impacts, the viewshed or “seen area” can be broken down into distance zones of foreground, middleground, and background. The foreground is defined as the zone within one-quarter mile to one-half mile from the viewer. The middleground can be defined as a zone that extends from the foreground up to three to five miles from the viewer, and the background extends from about three to five miles to infinity. A scenic vista is generally considered to be a location from which the public can experience unique and exemplary high-quality views—typically from elevated vantage points that offer panoramic views of great breadth and depth. Altair Specific Plan 3.1-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics 3.1.1 Environmental Setting Visual Study Area The visual study area is the area from which development for the proposed project would come into view. Due to the topography of the project site and the surrounding area, as well as the built environment within the vicinity, views of the project site are generally limited to the area of the city west of Interstate 15 (I-15), south of Rancho California Road, and north of Temecula Parkway. Scenic Resources None of the roads adjacent to the project are designated as scenic highways or corridors. The nearest Eligible Scenic Highway is I-15, which is located less than a one-half mile from the project site. According to the State Scenic Highways Program, State Route 74 (SR-74) and State Route 243 (SR-243) are designated as State Scenic Highways in Riverside County. These highways are not visible from within the project site or the surrounding areas. Figure CD-1, Community Design Plan, of the Temecula General Plan, identifies a viewshed with views of the project site near the intersection of Old Town Front Street and Temecula Parkway. The General Plan also identifies the hillsides and ridgelines visible to the west of the city as scenic resources. Land Use and Development Pattern Regional views within the vicinity of the City of Temecula are characterized by flat or gently rolling terrain with residential communities, industrial/commercial development, and agricultural land (primarily vineyards) that transition into homes and residential neighborhoods. The Santa Rosa Plateau, located at the southern end of the Santa Ana Mountains, provides a prominent visual backdrop immediately west of the City. Distant views of Palomar Mountain and the Cleveland National Forest exist to the south. The primary scenic resources in the City include topographical features such as the western escarpment and southern ridgelines, hillsides in the northern area, natural drainage courses, and environmental resources of the Santa Margarita River. Much of Temecula comprises urbanized areas developed primarily with low-density residential development. Densities range from very low to low/medium, with low/medium densities making up the highest percentage of existing housing units (65 percent). Several pockets of apartments and townhouses are located near the center of the City. The Nicolas Valley and residential areas east of I-15 and south of Santiago Road consist of lower density residences on large lots. While the city itself contains large residential areas, surrounding areas are more rural and agricultural in nature. The many golf courses and wineries in the region contribute to the atmosphere of a resort community. Temecula’s largest commercial areas are located at the I-15/State Route 79 (SR-79) junction at Winchester Road, Jefferson Avenue south of Winchester Road, Winchester Road and Ynez, and the area surrounding the Rancho California/Ynez Road intersection. Industrial parks and buildings are concentrated at the western end of the City. This includes a mix of industrial Altair Specific Plan 3.1-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics buildings and vacant land. The area along Jefferson Avenue south of Winchester Road consists of a mixed retail, service, and industrial corridor characterized primarily by auto-oriented uses. Visual Character of the Project Site and Surrounding Area The project site is a natural “bench” at the base of the Santa Rosa Plateau and is undeveloped, open space mostly vegetated with low-lying sage scrub and chaparral, which, depending on the time of year, ranges between greenish or brownish in color. Due to the low-lying nature of the vegetation, the landform is visible, with a mildly undulating surface due to several small ridges and ravines. The site does not contain any visually prominent features, such as trees or rock outcroppings. Development immediately adjacent to the project site, along Pujol Street, consists primarily of medium-density residential uses, including apartments and townhomes, which range in height from a single story to a maximum of three stories. Architectural styles vary as well. Single-family homes and several apartment complexes retain features of the Ranch style, such as one- to two- story rectangular buildings with low-pitched gable roofs and minimal architectural detailing on the stucco-clad exteriors. In contrast, a newer and more visually prominent (i.e., structures front the road with minimal, as opposed to deep, setbacks) multi-family development located along Pujol Street includes townhouses with building heights up to three stories, and retains features of modern Mission or Spanish Colonial styles such as neutral stucco siding, red-tiled roofs, and arched doorways. These buildings also include off-setting facades where dimension is achieved through projecting elements, such as front porches or balconies, or recessed features, such as porticoes at entryways. The exteriors include other architectural embellishments including window shutters, arched doorways, and bracketed eaves. Newer single-family homes near the north end of Pujol Street have also been developed in the Mission or Spanish Colonial styles with some homes bearing Craftsman details, such as wide, over-hanging bracketed eaves, clapboard siding, and porticoes supported by broad columns. More modern-style structures have also been introduced to this area with clean architectural lines and little embellishments. The business parks located adjacent to the northern portion of the project site generally include large format, one- to two-story rectangular structures with flat roofs, although some of the buildings contain some architectural detailing, such as hipped gable roofs with red tiles, prominent entranceways featuring two-story porticoes, and other exterior decorative elements. Old Town Temecula, an important historic district in Temecula, is located approximately 0.25- mile east of the project site and contains buildings typical of “old west” boom towns. Many of the buildings are one- to two-story wooden structures with natural wood clapboard siding and covered front porches that span the entire length of the front façade. Buildings front the road with very narrow setbacks. The district is approximately four blocks long (from approximately 2nd Street to 6th Street) and is centered primarily around the narrow, two-lane Old Town Front Street. Light and Glare Because it consists of undeveloped open space, the project site currently does not contain any sources of light and glare. Sources of light and glare in the vicinity of the project may include Altair Specific Plan 3.1-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics parking lots and structural lighting from the business parks and residential uses in the area. Other sources of lighting include cars traveling along the roadways in the area, and lighting from the businesses and City Hall in Old Town Temecula. Sources of glare may include reflective building materials (e.g., windows and awnings) and cars in the parking lots and along the roadways in the project vicinity. 3.1.2 Regulatory Framework State Scenic Highway Program The State Scenic Highway Program, created by the California Legislature in 1963, was established to preserve and protect scenic highway corridors from change that would diminish the aesthetic value of lands adjacent to highways. Under this program, a highway is designated as a scenic highway when a local jurisdiction adopts a scenic corridor protection program, applies to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for scenic highway approval, and receives notification from Caltrans that the highway has been designated as a scenic highway. Caltrans defines a scenic corridor as “land generally adjacent to and visible from the highway. A scenic corridor is identified using a motorist’s line of vision. A reasonable boundary is selected when the view extends to the distance horizon. Jurisdictional boundaries of the applicants are also considered.” The project is located in close proximity to I-15, which is designated as an Eligible State Scenic Highway, however I-15 is not officially designated as a State Scenic Highway by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans, 2011). The project site is not designated as a scenic area, and none of the adjacent roads are designated as scenic highways or corridors. The nearest Eligible Scenic Highway is I-15 to the east. According to the State Scenic Highways Program, SR-74 and SR-243 are designated as State Scenic Highways in Riverside County. SR-74 is located approximately 26 miles northeast and SR 243 is located approximately 28 miles to the northeast of the project, respectively; these highways are not visible from within the project site or the surrounding areas. City of Temecula General Plan The City of Temecula General Plan contains polices that regulate visual resources in the project area. The following City of Temecula General Plan goals, objectives, and policies for visual resources and aesthetics are relevant to the project. Community Design Element Goals and policies in the Community Design Element of the General Plan address seven issues: 1) City image enhancement; 2) design excellence; 3) district/neighborhood preservation and enhancement; 4) streetscape system enhancement; 5) public views of significant natural features; 6) public spaces/resources; and 7) community gathering areas. The following goals and policies are relevant the project: Goal 1: Enhancement of the City’s image related to its regional and natural setting and its tourist orientation. Altair Specific Plan 3.1-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics Policy 1.3: Develop design standards to enhance the visual character of commercial centers located adjacent to I-15. Policy 1.5L: Maintain and incorporate natural amenities such as: rock outcroppings, indigenous vegetation, streams and watercourses within proposed development projects. Goal 2: Design excellence in site planning, architecture, landscape architecture and signs. Policy 2.5: Limit light and glare pollution through design standards for outdoor lighting, the use of low intensity lights, and lighting that supports the continued use of the Mt. Palomar Observatory. Policy 2.6: Enhance the visual identity of commercial districts. Goal 5: Protection of public views of significant natural features. Policy 5.1: Work with the County of Riverside to protect surrounding hillside areas from inappropriate grading and development that affects the visual backdrop of the valley. Policy 5.2: Retain critical escarpment and major hillside areas to preserve open space areas on the west and south edges of the City. Policy 5.3: Establish a program to acquire, or permanently protect, critical hillside areas from development. Land Use Element The City of Temecula General Plan Land Use Element includes some policies and goals relevant to the visual quality in the City. These policies compliment goals and policies already identified in the Community Design Element. Goal 6: A development pattern that preserves aesthetics and enhances the environmental resources of the Planning Area. Policy 6.1: Preserve the natural aesthetics quality of hillsides and reduce hazards associated with hillside development within the Planning Area. Policy 6.2: Create distinctive features at entry points to the City that emphasize Temecula’s aesthetic and environmental setting. Open Space and Conservation The Open Space/Conservation Element establishes an approach to protect and enhance Temecula’s park, recreation trail, water, biological, energy, open space, historical and cultural, agricultural, and other resources. The following goals and policies are relevant the project: Goal 5: Conservation of open space areas for a balance of recreation, scenic enjoyment, and protection of natural resources and features. Altair Specific Plan 3.1-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics Policy 5.1: Conserve the western escarpment and southern ridgelines, the Santa Margarita River, slopes in the Sphere of Influence, and other important landforms and historic landscape features through the development review process. Policy 5.2: Retain critical escarpment and major hillside areas to preserve open space areas on the west and south edges of the City. City of Temecula City-wide Design Guidelines Temecula’s City-wide Design Guidelines provide site planning, architectural design, and landscape design criteria for commercial, industrial, and residential development. The guidelines also establish criteria for unique design characteristics found within specialized development types, such as specific commercial and public uses. The design standards and criteria contained within the guidelines are the primary tool for implementing the policies contained within the Community Design Element. Palomar Observatory Light Pollution Ordinance The city of Temecula is located within proximity of the Palomar Observatory. To prevent “skyglow” condition, the observatory requires unique nighttime lighting restrictions. This skyglow condition would adversely impact the use of the telescope at the observatory. Generally, observatory sites need to be 30 to 40 miles from large lighted areas so that the nighttime sky will not be brightened. Temecula adheres to Riverside County’s Light Pollution Ordinance (No. 655), which restricts nighttime lighting for areas within a 15-mile radius (Zone A) and a 45-mile radius (Zone B) of the Palomar Observatory. Zone A refers to the circular area 15 miles in radius centered on Palomar Observatory; Zone B refers the circular area defined by two circles, one 45 miles in radius centered on Palomar Observatory, and the other the perimeter of Zone A. The project site is located within Zone B (45-mile Radius Lighting Impact Zone) and is required to comply with Ordinance No. 655. The requirements for lamp source and shielding of light emissions for outdoor light fixtures are less stringent under Zone B as compared to Zone A. For instance, parking lots, walkway and security lamps above 4,050 lumens are allowed under Zone B if they are fully shielded, whereas in Zone A, they are prohibited. Furthermore, low-pressure sodium decorative lamps and other lamps that are 4,050 lumens and below are allowed under Zone B, whereas in Zone A, they are prohibited. It should be noted that when lighting is “allowed” by this ordinance, it must be fully shielded,1 if feasible, and partially shielded,2 in all other cases. Lighting for on-premises advertising displays, shall be shielded and focused to minimize spill light into the night sky or adjacent properties. In conformance with Riverside County’s Light Pollution Ordinance, Ordinance No. 655, all artificial outdoor light fixtures must be installed in conformance with the provisions of the 1 Fully Shielded - constructed so that light rays emitted by the fixtures are projected below the horizontal plan passing through the lowest point on the fixture from which light is emitted. 2 Partially Shielded – constructed so that ninety percent (90%) of the light rays emitted by the fixture are projected below the horizontal plane passing through the lowest point of the shield. Altair Specific Plan 3.1-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics ordinance, the Building Code, the Electrical Code, and lighting requirements specified in the Zoning Ordinance of the County of Riverside, along with any other related state and federal regulations such as California Title 24. Section 59.105 of Ordinance No. 655 sets forth specific requirements for lamp source and shielding of light emissions for outdoor light fixtures. Lighting for on-premises advertising displays must be shielded and focused to minimize light spill into the night sky or adjacent properties. 3.1.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines, impacts related to aesthetic issues may be considered significant if the proposed project would: • Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista; • Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway; • Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings; or • Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. Methodology The proposed project would involve adoption of a Specific Plan to guide development of a primarily residential community that would complement and support the Old Town Temecula commercial district. The potential aesthetic impacts of the project are evaluated considering such factors as the scale, mass, proportion, orientation, architectural detailing, and landscaping/buffering associated with the design of the project and the project’s visibility from key vantage points within the project viewshed. In consultation with City staff, seven key observation points (KOPs) were identified of representative publicly accessible foreground, middleground, and background viewsheds from which the project site is visible (see Figures 3.1-1 through 3.1-8). Views of the project area are generally not available from public vantage points east of I-15 due to intervening development, landscaping, and topography. Altair Specific Plan 3.1-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Temecula Pkwy Rancho California Rd Murrieta Creek Old Town Santa Margarita River City Hall Temecula Valley Fwy PROJECT SITE Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.1-1 Viewpoint Location Map SOURCE: carrierjohnson + CULTURE3 NORTH AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-ORIGINAL IMAGE - 1 AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-PERSPECTIVE - 1 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.1-2 KOP 1, City Hall, Looking West SOURCE: carrierjohnson + CULTURE3 Existing Simulation AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-ORIGINAL IMAGE - 2 AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-PERSPECTIVE - 2 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.1-3 KOP 2, Rancho California Road at I-15, Looking Southwest SOURCE: carrierjohnson + CULTURE3 Existing Simulation AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-ORIGINAL IMAGE - 3 AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-PERSPECTIVE - 3 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.1-4 KOP 3, Old Town Front Street and Moreno Road, Looking Southwest SOURCE: carrierjohnson + CULTURE3 Existing Simulation AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-ORIGINAL IMAGE - 4 AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-PERSPECTIVE - 4 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.1-5 KOP 4, Old Town Front Street and 6th Street, Looking West SOURCE: carrierjohnson + CULTURE3 Existing Simulation AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-ORIGINAL IMAGE - 5 AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-PERSPECTIVE - 5 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.1-6 KOP 5, Main Street Bridge, Looking West SOURCE: carrierjohnson + CULTURE3 Existing Simulation AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-ORIGINAL IMAGE - 6 AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-PERSPECTIVE - 6 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.1-7 KOP 6, 1st Street Between Old Town Front Street and Pujol Road, Looking West SOURCE: carrierjohnson + CULTURE3 Existing Simulation AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-ORIGINAL IMAGE - 7 AFFIRMED HOUSING 5391.00ALTAIR-PERSPECTIVE - 7 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.1-8 KOP 7, Santiago Road at I-15, Looking West SOURCE: carrierjohnson + CULTURE3 Existing Simulation 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics Impacts Scenic Vistas As discussed, the hillsides and ridgelines of the Santa Rosa Plateau are considered a scenic resource to the City of Temecula. The project site is located on a natural bench in the foothills of the Santa Rosa Plateau; therefore, the project has the potential to result in adverse impacts on scenic resources. Photo simulations that demonstrate how the proposed project would appear upon completion were prepared for the KOPs, as presented in Figures 3.1-2 through 3.1-8. As demonstrated in the visual simulations, the proposed project would be visible from all of the seven vantage points. As would be expected, views are most dramatically altered within foreground views. As shown in KOPs 3 through 6 (see Figures 3.1-5 through and 3.1-7), foreground and middleground views from the Old Town area, change from chaparral and sage scrub vegetation on moderately sloped hillsides to buildings ranging from two to six stories in height. From KOP 3, taken from Moreno Road and Old Town Front Street, the proposed buildings become prominent features on the hillside in the middleground views; however, they do not block ridgeline views. Views from KOP 4 are not significantly altered from existing conditions due to the fact that that portion of the project site contains a gully and the proposed project was intentionally designed to respect existing land forms. Therefore, that portion of the project site would involve minimal intrusion of structural features in foreground views. From KOP 5, the proposed grand staircase that would connect the project site to Old Town would become a visually prominent feature. From KOP 6, building roofs and some facades would be the most visible features of the project site for westbound travelers along 1st Street. Overall, while foreground views of the moderately sloped hillsides would no longer be available, views of most of the hillsides and views of the ridgelines would be preserved. Middleground views from City Hall (KOP 1 in Figure 3.1-2) would be minimally affected by the proposed project. While the proposed buildings would be visible from City Hall, it would blend into the urban architecture of Old Town and the residential and business park uses to the west of Old Town. The majority of the hillsides and the entire ridgelines would still be visible from middleground perspectives. Likewise, background views of the project site that are available from I-15 would be minimally affected (see KOPs 2 and 7 in Figures 3.1-3 and 3.1-8, respectively). The proposed buildings would blend into the overall existing urban fabric of Old Town and the surrounding uses. The site plan created for Altair was developed with the intent of respecting and preserving natural landforms and features of the project site, such as ridges and gullies. Development would be concentrated along the eastern edge of the parcel boundary in order to preserve hillsides. The route and lane configuration of the Western Bypass, which would incorporate split lanes (where southbound and northbound lanes would be at different elevations from each other) and standard lanes (where all lanes would be at the same elevation) and landscaped medians throughout, was also designed to respect the existing landforms and minimize the visual impacts of this major roadway. While the proposed structures that would be developed as part of the project would obscure the individual features (ravines and ridges) of the landform of the project site, the Altair Specific Plan 3.1-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics proposed site design would ensure that the majority of the hillside would still remain visible to viewers from outside the project area. In addition, many of the landform features would still be visible to viewers using publicly accessible hiking and bicycle trails within the project site after project implementation. Therefore, as detailed above, the proposed project not result in significant, adverse impacts to scenic resources, including the hillsides and ridgelines of the Santa Rosa Plateau. Impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation measures are required. Significance Determination: Less than significant Scenic Resources The project is not located within a designated scenic highway corridor. As stated in Section 3.1.1, Environmental Setting, above, SR-74 and SR-243 are designated as State Scenic Highways in Riverside County. These highways are located east of the project area, more than 20 miles away and are not visible from within the project area or surrounding areas. The project is located within the viewshed from I-15, which is designated by Caltrans as an Eligible State Scenic Highway; however, it is not officially designated as a State Scenic Highway by Caltrans. Views of the project area are available from points along I-15; however, as described above, the proposed project would be minimally visible from I-15 and would blend into the urban environment of Old Town and the surrounding development. Views of the hillsides and ridgelines of the Santa Rosa Plateau from I-15 would not be substantially affected by the proposed project. Impacts would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Visual Character Under the proposed project, the visual character of the project site would change substantially from undeveloped, open space to a high-density urbanized development. However, a change in visual character or visual quality does not, by itself, equate to a significant, adverse impact under CEQA. The evaluation should consider the degree of impact that may result from visual change. Per the City of Temecula General Plan, the City has planned for development at the project site and did not expect for it to remain as undeveloped, open space. As discussed in Chapter 2, Project Description, and throughout the draft Altair Specific Plan, to the extent feasible, site design took the natural landform into consideration. Additionally, the proposed project concentrates development within the eastern portion of the project site adjacent to existing urban development in order to preserve the remaining hillsides for visual and biological resources. The Altair Specific Plan includes design guidelines and development standards that are intended to achieve a community with a high aesthetic quality. The proposed project does not dictate the number or the styles of buildings to be developed in each village, but instead focuses on a variety of building forms in order to create distinct neighborhoods and encourage visual interest, vibrancy, and diversity. Design guidelines address features from building form (including how to create visually interesting facades, rooflines, building entrances, fenestration, siding materials, and colors), building placement on the lot, utility screening, retaining walls, and landscaping. Altair Specific Plan 3.1-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics Adherence to the design guidelines and development standards of the project would ensure that the proposed structures are developed to meet the goals of high aesthetic quality and visual interest and would not result in adverse impacts related to the visual character of the project area. In addition, specific development proposals occurring under the Specific Plan would be reviewed by City staff to ensure that they meet the design guidelines and development standards identified within the project. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Light and Glare The proposed project would introduce a new source of light and glare to the project site from lighting for residential and civic buildings, plazas, and streets as well as from cars traveling through the project site. Also, temporary nighttime construction lighting may be required near the intersection of Vincent Moraga and Rancho California Road (due to traffic on Rancho California Road). There are no sensitive receptors near this intersection; however, Mitigation Measure MM- AES-1 would ensure nighttime construction lighting is shielded and directed downward to avoid light spillage on adjacent properties. The proposed project is located approximately 20 miles from the Palomar Observatory. The project would be required to comply with the Palomar Observatory Light Pollution Ordinance (Riverside County’s Light Pollution Ordinance No. 655), which requires a variety of measures (see below) including the preparation of an outdoor lighting plan and photometric plan, to reduce the effects of light pollution from nighttime light sources. However, given the proposed density and intensity of the project, new development would increase nighttime light sources. According to Ordinance No. 655, the project site is located in Zone B (45-mile Radius Lighting Impact Zone). Ordinance No. 655 includes requirements for lessening “sky glow” from nighttime light sources and identifies specific measures for projects within Zone B, including lighting from parking lots and advertising displays being fully shielded to lessen light that is omitted within the vicinity of the Palomar Observatory. Additionally, application of the design guidelines outlined in Chapter 9, Design Guidelines, of the Specific Plan include variations in street materials and outdoor lighting controls. For example, light fixtures shall incorporate cut-offs and appropriate lenses to eliminate glare and light spillover to adjacent properties to reduce potential impacts associated with light and glare. Still, this impact would be potentially significant. Mitigation Measure MM-AES-1 would reduce any potential impacts associated with light and glare to less than significant. Impact AES-1: The project would create a new source of light and glare throughout the project area. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-AES-1: The following light and glare standards shall be applied to all development within the project area: • Temporary nighttime construction lighting shall be shielded and directed downward such that no light spillage will occur on adjacent properties. • The applicant shall ensure that all outdoor lighting fixtures in public areas contain “sharp cut-off” fixtures, and shall be fitted with flat glass and internal and external shielding. Altair Specific Plan 3.1-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Aesthetics • The applicant shall ensure that site lighting systems shall be grouped into control zones to allow for opening, closing, and night light/security lighting schemes. All control groups shall be controlled by an automatic lighting system utilizing a time clock, photocell, and low voltage relays. • The applicant shall ensure that design and layout of the development shall take advantage of landscaping, onsite architectural massing, and off–site architectural massing to block light sources and reflection from cars. • The use of highly reflective construction materials on exterior wall surfaces shall be prohibited. • Prior to the issuance of construction permits for any phase of the project that includes outdoor lighting, the applicant shall submit an outdoor lighting plan and photometric plan to be reviewed and approved by the City of Temecula. The lighting plan shall be in compliance with Ordinance No. 655 as adopted by the Riverside County Board of Supervisors and shall include, but not be limited to, the following information and standards: o Light fixtures shall not exceed 4,050 lumens. o Light fixtures shall be fully shielded so that light rays emitted by the fixtures are projected below the horizontal plan passing through the lowest point of the shield. o A map showing all lamp locations, orientations, and intensities, including security, roadway, and task lighting. o Specification of each light fixture and each light shield. o Total estimated outdoor lighting footprint, expressed as lumens per acre. o Specification of motion sensors and other controls to be used, especially for security lighting. • The City shall conduct a post-installation inspection to ensure that the development is in compliance with the design standards in Altair Specific Plan, Mitigation Measure MM- AES-1 and Riverside County Ordinance No. 655. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.1-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality This section provides an overview of the existing air quality at the project site and surrounding region, a summary of applicable air quality regulations, and analyses of potential short-term and long-term air quality impacts from implementation of the proposed project. Mitigation measures are recommended as necessary to reduce significant air quality impacts. 3.2.1 Environmental Setting Climate and Meteorology The project site is located in the City of Temecula in the portion of Riverside County that lies within the South Coast Air Basin (Basin). The project area is under the jurisdiction of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). The Basin is a 6,600-square-mile coastal plain bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the southwest and the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains to the north and east. The Basin includes the non-desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties, and all of Orange County. The ambient concentrations of air pollutants are determined by the amount of emissions released by sources and the atmosphere’s ability to transport and dilute such emissions. Natural factors that affect transport and dilution include terrain, wind, atmospheric stability, and sunlight. Therefore, existing air quality conditions in the area are determined by such natural factors as topography, meteorology, and climate, in addition to the amount of emissions released by existing air pollutant sources. Atmospheric conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, and air temperature gradients interact with the physical features of the landscape to determine the movement and dispersal of air pollutants. The topography and climate of Southern California combine to make the Basin an area of high air pollution potential. The Basin is a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and high mountains around the rest of the perimeter. The general region lies in the semi-permanent high-pressure zone of the eastern Pacific, resulting in a mild climate tempered by cool sea breezes with light average wind speeds. The usually mild climatological pattern is disrupted occasionally by periods of extremely hot weather, winter storms, or Santa Ana winds. During the summer months, a warm air mass frequently descends over the cool, moist marine layer produced by the interaction between the ocean’s surface and the lowest layer of the atmosphere. The warm upper layer forms a cap over the cool marine layer and inhibits the pollutants in the marine layer from dispersing upward. In addition, light winds during the summer further limit ventilation. Furthermore, sunlight triggers the photochemical reactions that produce ozone. The region experiences more days of sunlight than any other major urban area in the nation except Phoenix (SCAQMD, 2007). The Temecula area is an interior valley of the Basin. Clouds and fog that form along the coast infrequently extend as far inland as the Temecula Valley, and usually burn off quickly after sunrise. Precipitation is greatest during the winter season from December through February. Average temperatures are typically highest during August and lowest during December. Since Altair Specific Plan 3.2-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality 1999, the highest and lowest temperatures recorded were 111.3 degrees Fahrenheit (ºF) and 22.9 ºF, respectively. The annual mean temperature for the city is 62 ºF. Criteria Air Pollutants The California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) currently focus on the following air pollutants as indicators of ambient air quality: ozone, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), respirable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM10), fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5), and lead. The pollutants are referred to as “criteria air pollutants” since they are the most prevalent air pollutants known to be injurious to human health and extensive health-effects criteria documents are available about their effects on human health and welfare. Standards have been established for each criteria pollutant to meet specific public health and welfare criteria set forth in the federal Clean Air Act (CAA). California has adopted more stringent ambient air quality standards for the criteria air pollutants (referred to as State Ambient Air Quality Standards, or state standards) and has adopted air quality standards for some pollutants for which there is no corresponding national standard. Ozone Ozone, the main component of photochemical smog, is primarily a summer and fall pollution problem. Ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but is formed through a complex series of chemical reactions involving other compounds that are directly emitted. These directly emitted pollutants (also known as ozone precursors) include reactive organic gases (ROGs) or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and oxides of nitrogen (NOX). While both ROGs and VOCs refer to compounds of carbon, ROG is a term used by CARB and is based on a list of exempted carbon compounds determined by CARB. VOC is a term used by the EPA and is based on EPA’s own exempt list. The time period required for ozone formation allows the reacting compounds to spread over a large area, producing regional pollution problems. Ozone concentrations are the cumulative result of regional development patterns rather than the result of a few significant emission sources. Once ozone is formed, it remains in the atmosphere for one or two days. Ozone is then eliminated through reaction with chemicals on the leaves of plants, attachment to water droplets as they fall to earth (“rainout”), or absorption by water molecules in clouds that later fall to earth with rain (“washout”). Short-term exposure to ozone can irritate the eyes and cause constriction of the airways. In addition to causing shortness of breath, ozone can aggravate existing respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Carbon Monoxide CO, a colorless and odorless gas, is a relatively non-reactive pollutant that is a product of incomplete combustion and is mostly associated with motor vehicles. When inhaled at high concentrations, CO combines with hemoglobin in the blood and reduces the oxygen-carrying Altair Specific Plan 3.2-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality capacity of the blood. This results in reduced oxygen reaching the brain, heart and other body tissues. This condition is especially critical for people with cardiovascular diseases, chronic lung disease, or anemia. CO measurements and modeling were important in the early 1980s when CO levels were regularly exceeded throughout California. In more recent years, CO measurements and modeling have not been a priority in most California air districts due to the retirement of older polluting vehicles, lower emissions from new vehicles, and improvements in fuels. Nitrogen Dioxide NO2 is a reddish-brown gas that is a by-product of combustion processes. Automobiles and industrial operations are the main sources of NO2. Combustion devices emit primarily nitric oxide (NO), which reacts through oxidation in the atmosphere to form NO2. The combined emissions of NO and NO2 are referred to as NOx, which are reported as equivalent NO2. Aside from its contribution to ozone formation, NO2 can increase the risk of acute and chronic respiratory disease and reduce visibility. NO2 may be visible as a coloring component of a brown cloud on high pollution days, especially in conjunction with high ozone levels. Sulfur Dioxide SO2 is a colorless, extremely irritating gas or liquid. It enters the atmosphere as a pollutant mainly as a result of burning high sulfur-content fuel oils and coal, and from chemical processes occurring at chemical plants and refineries. When SO2 oxidizes in the atmosphere, it forms sulfur trioxide (SO3). Collectively, these pollutants are referred to as sulfur oxides (SOX). Major sources of SO2 include power plants, large industrial facilities, diesel vehicles, and oil- burning residential heaters. Emissions of SO2 aggravate lung diseases, especially bronchitis. It also constricts the breathing passages, especially in people with asthma and people involved in moderate to heavy exercise. SO2 potentially causes wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Long-term SO2 exposure has been associated with increased risk of mortality from respiratory or cardiovascular disease. Particulate Matter PM10 and PM2.5 consist of particulate matter that is 10 microns or less in diameter and 2.5 microns or less in diameter, respectively (a micron is one-millionth of a meter). PM10 and PM2.5 represent fractions of particulate matter that can be inhaled into the air passages and the lungs and can cause adverse health effects. Acute and chronic health effects associated with high particulate levels include the aggravation of chronic respiratory diseases, heart and lung disease, and coughing, bronchitis and respiratory illnesses in children. Recent mortality studies have shown an association between morbidity and mortality and daily concentrations of particulate matter in the air. CARB has estimated that achieving the ambient air quality standards for PM10 could reduce premature mortality rates by 6,500 cases per year (CARB, 2004). Particulate matter can also damage materials and reduce visibility. One common source of PM2.5 is diesel exhaust emissions. PM10 consists of particulate matter emitted directly into the air, such as fugitive dust, soot, and smoke from mobile and stationary sources, construction operations, fires, and natural windblown dust; and particulate matter formed in the atmosphere by condensation and/or transformation of SO2 and ROG. Traffic generates particulate matter emissions through entrainment of dust and dirt Altair Specific Plan 3.2-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality particles that settle onto roadways and parking lots. PM10 and PM2.5 are also emitted by burning wood in residential wood stoves and fireplaces and open agricultural burning. PM10 can remain in the atmosphere for up to seven days before gravitational settling, rainout, and washout remove it. Lead Lead is a metal found naturally in the environment and present in some manufactured products. There are a variety of activities that can contribute to lead emissions, which are grouped into two general categories, stationary and mobile sources. On-road mobile sources include light-duty automobiles; light, medium, and heavy-duty trucks; and motorcycles. Emissions of lead have dropped substantially over the past 40 years. The reduction before 1990 is largely due to the phase-out of lead as an anti-knock agent in gasoline for on-road automobiles. Substantial emission reductions have also been achieved due to enhanced controls in the metals processing industry. In the Basin, atmospheric lead is generated almost entirely by the combustion of leaded gasoline and contributes less than one percent of the material collected as total suspended particulates. As the proposed project would not involve the development of any major lead emissions sources, lead emissions will not be analyzed as part of this Draft EIR. Toxic Air Contaminants Concentrations of toxic air contaminants (TACs), or in federal parlance, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), are also used as indicators of ambient air quality conditions. A TAC is defined as an air pollutant that may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or in serious illness, or that may pose a hazard to human health. TACs are usually present in minute quantities in the ambient air; however, their high toxicity or health risk may pose a threat to public health even at low concentrations. According to The California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality (CARB, 2009), the majority of the estimated health risk from TACs can be attributed to relatively few compounds, the most important being particulate matter from diesel-fueled engines (diesel PM). Diesel PM differs from other TACs in that it is not a single substance, but rather a complex mixture of hundreds of substances. Although diesel PM is emitted by diesel-fueled internal combustion engines, the composition of the emissions varies depending on engine type, operating conditions, fuel composition, lubricating oil, and whether an emission control system is present. Unlike the other TACs, no ambient monitoring data are available for diesel PM because no routine measurement method currently exists. However, CARB has made preliminary concentration estimates based on a particulate matter exposure method. This method uses the CARB emissions inventory’s PM10 database, ambient PM10 monitoring data, and the results from several studies to estimate concentrations of diesel PM. In addition to diesel PM, the TACs for which data are available that pose the greatest existing ambient risk in California are benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride, hexavalent chromium, para-dichlorobenzene, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, and perchloroethylene. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality Odorous Emissions Odors are generally regarded as an annoyance rather than a health hazard. However, manifestations of a person’s reaction to foul odors can range from psychological (e.g., irritation, anger, or anxiety) to physiological (e.g., circulatory and respiratory effects, nausea, vomiting, and headache). Offensive odors are unpleasant and can lead to public distress generating citizen complaints to local governments. Although unpleasant, offensive odors rarely cause physical harm. The occurrence and severity of odor impacts depend on the nature, frequency, and intensity of the source, wind speed, direction, and the sensitivity of receptors. Project Area Air Quality Setting Existing Air Quality SCAQMD maintains monitoring stations within district boundaries that monitor air quality and compliance with associated ambient standards. The project site is located in the Temecula/Anza area sub region. Currently, the nearest monitoring station to the project site is the Lake Elsinore monitoring Station (506 W. Flint St. Lake Elsinore), which is located approximately 15 miles northwest of the project site. This station monitors ambient concentrations of ozone, NO2, sulfate and CO, but does not monitor SO2 or PM10, PM2.5, lead, TACs or hydrogen sulfide. The nearest monitoring station that monitors ambient concentrations of PM10 and sulfate is the Perris Station, located approximately 18 miles northwest of the site. The closest monitoring station that monitors PM2.5 is the Mira Loma Station located approximately 37 miles northwest of the project site. The closest station that monitors for lead and SO2 is the Metropolitan Riverside County 1 Station, located approximately 35 miles northwest of the project site. Concentrations from the monitoring stations for the years 2011–2013 are shown in Table 3.2-1.1 The SCAQMD does not have monitoring stations in the area that report on TACs, or hydrogen sulfide, therefore these emissions are not included in Table 3.2-1. Both CARB and USEPA use this type of monitoring data to designate areas according to their attainment status for criteria air pollutants. The purpose of these designations is to identify the areas with air quality problems and thereby initiate planning efforts for improvement. The three basic designation categories are nonattainment, attainment, and unclassified. Unclassified is used in an area that cannot be classified on the basis of available information as meeting or not meeting the standards. In addition, the California designations include a subcategory of nonattainment- transitional, which is given to nonattainment areas that are progressing and nearing attainment. The current attainment status for the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) is provided in Table 3.2-2. 1 2014 data has not been reviewed and finalized as of the date of this analysis. Typically the previous year’s data is available around June or July of the following year. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality TABLE 3.2-1 AIR QUALITY DATA SUMMARY (2011–2013) Pollutant Monitoring Data by Year Standarda 2011 2012 2013 Ozone – Lake Elsinore Monitoring Station Highest 1 Hour Average (ppm) 0.133 0.111 0.102 Days over State Standard 0.09 ppm 19 10 6 Highest 8 Hour Average (ppm) 0.106 0.089 0.089 Days over National Standard 0.075 ppm 28 17 12 Days over State Standard 0.070 ppm 45 29 25 Carbon Monoxide – Lake Elsinore Monitoring Station Highest 8 Hour Average (ppm) 0.7 0.7 06 Days over National Standard 9 ppm 0 0 0 Days over State Standard 9.0 ppm 0 0 0 Nitrogen Dioxide – Lake Elsinore Monitoring Station Highest 1 Hour Average (ppm) 0.0503 0.0483 0.0466 Days over National Standard 0.100 ppm 0 0 0 Days over State Standard 0.18 ppm 0 0 0 Annual Average (ppm) 0.0096 0.0102 0.0084 Days over National Standard 0.053 ppm 0 0 0 Days over State Standard 0.030 ppm 0 0 0 Sulfur Dioxide – Metropolitan Riverside County 1 Monitoring Station Highest 1 Hour Average (ppm) 0.0513 0.0043 0.0081 Days over State Standard 0.25 ppm 0 0 0 Particulate Matter (PM10) – Perris Monitoring Station Highest 24 Hour Average (µg/m3)b 65 62 70 Days over National Standard (measured)c 150 µg/m3 0 0 0 Days over State Standard (measured)c 50 µg/m3 3 1 10 Annual Average (µg/m3)b 20 µg/m3 29.2 26.5 33.6 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) – Mira Loma Monitoring Station Highest 24 Hour Average (µg/m3)b 56.3 39.3 56.5 Days over National Standard (measured)c 35 µg/m3 8 7 9 Annual Average (µg/m3)b 12 µg/m3 15.3 15.1 14.12 Lead (Pb) - Metropolitan Riverside County 1 Monitoring Station Highest 3 month Rolling Average (µg/m3) 0.007 * 0.009 Days over National Standard 0.15 µg/m3 0 0 Highest Monthly Average (µg/m3) 0.007 * 0.010 Days over State Standard 1.5 µg/m3 0 0 Sulfate (SO4) - Perris Monitoring Station Highest 24-hr Concentration (µg/m3) 4.4 * 3.4 Days over State Standard 25 µg/m3 0 0 ppm = parts per million; µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter. * = Insufficient data available to determine the value. a Generally, state standards and national standards are not to be exceeded more than once per year. b Concentrations and averages represent federal statistics. State and federal statistics may differ because of different sampling methods. c Measurements are usually collected every six days. Days over the standard represent the measured number of days that the standard has been exceeded. SOURCE: SCAQMD, 2013a, 2012, 2011a. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality TABLE 3.2-2 SOUTH COAST AIR BASIN ATTAINMENT STATUS Attainment Status Pollutant California Standards Federal Standards Ozone Extreme Nonattainment Severe Nonattainment CO Attainment Unclassified/Attainment NO2 Attainment Unclassified/Attainment SO2 Attainment Attainment PM10 Nonattainment Attainment PM2.5 Nonattainment Nonattainment Lead Attainment Attainment SOURCE: CARB, 2013a; USEPA, 2013. Sensitive Land Uses Land uses such as schools, children’s daycare centers, hospitals, and convalescent homes are considered to be more sensitive to poor air quality than the general public because the population groups associated with these uses have increased susceptibility to respiratory distress. In addition, residential uses are considered more sensitive to air quality conditions than commercial and industrial uses, because people generally spend longer periods of time at their residences, resulting in greater exposure to ambient air quality conditions. Recreational land uses are considered moderately sensitive to air pollution. Exercise places a high demand on respiratory functions, which can be impaired by air pollution, even though exposure periods during exercise are generally short. In addition, noticeable air pollution can detract from the enjoyment of recreation. Currently, sensitive uses located in the project site vicinity include multi- and single-family residential uses. Specifically, the nearest residential development is located directly adjacent to the project site on the east. Additionally, the project itself would also introduce new sensitive uses (e.g., residential and school uses). 3.2.2 Regulatory Framework The project site is located in the southwestern portion of Riverside County within the Basin. Air quality in the project area is regulated by USEPA, CARB, and SCAQMD. The City of Temecula General Plan also contains an Air Quality Element that establishes a policy foundation to implement local air quality improvement measures and provides a framework for coordination of air quality planning efforts with surrounding jurisdictions. USEPA Criteria Air Pollutants At the federal level, the USEPA has been charged with implementing national air quality programs. USEPA’s air quality mandates are drawn primarily from the federal Clean Air Act Altair Specific Plan 3.2-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality (CAA), which was enacted in 1970. The most recent major amendments to the CAA were made by Congress in 1990. The CAA requires the USEPA to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). EPA has established primary and secondary NAAQS for the following “criteria air pollutants”: ozone, CO, NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and lead. Table 3.2-3 shows the NAAQS for these pollutants. The CAA also requires each state to prepare an air quality control plan, referred to as a state implementation plan (SIP). The CAA Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) added requirements for states with nonattainment areas to revise their SIPs to incorporate additional control measures to reduce air pollution. The SIP is modified periodically to reflect the latest emissions inventories, planning documents, and rules and regulations of the air basins, as reported by their jurisdictional agencies. EPA is responsible for reviewing all SIPs to determine whether they conform to the mandates of the CAA and its amendments, and to determine whether implementing the SIPs will achieve air quality goals. If EPA determines a SIP to be inadequate, a federal implementation plan that imposes additional control measures may be prepared for the nonattainment area. If an approvable SIP is not submitted or implemented within the mandated time frame, sanctions may be applied to transportation funding and stationary sources of air pollution in the air basin. EPA also has regulatory and enforcement jurisdiction over emission sources beyond state waters (outer continental shelf), and those that are under the exclusive authority of the federal government, such as aircraft, locomotives, and interstate trucking. EPA’s primary role at the state level is to oversee state air quality programs. EPA sets federal vehicle and stationary source emissions standards and provides research and guidance in air pollution programs. CARB Criteria Air Pollutants CARB, a department of the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA), oversees air quality planning and control throughout California by administering the SIP. Its primary responsibility lies in ensuring implementation of the 1989 amendments to the CCAA, responding to the federal CAA requirements, and regulating emissions from motor vehicles sold in California. It also sets fuel specifications to further reduce vehicular emissions. The amendments to the CCAA establish CAAQS, and a legal mandate to achieve these standards by the earliest practical date. These standards apply to the same criteria pollutants as the federal CAA, and also include sulfates, visibility reducing particulates, hydrogen sulfide and vinyl chloride. They are also generally more stringent than the federal standards. CARB is also responsible for regulations pertaining to TACs. The Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Information and Assessment Act was enacted in 1987 as a means to establish a formal air toxics emission inventory risk quantification program. Assembly Bill (AB) 2588, as amended, establishes a process that requires stationary sources to report the type and quantities of certain substances their facilities routinely release. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality TABLE 3.2-3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR CRITERIA POLLUTANTS Pollutant Averaging Time State Standard National Standard Pollutant Health and Atmospheric Effects Major Pollutant Sources Ozone 1 hour 0.09 ppm --- High concentrations can directly affect lungs, causing irritation. Long-term exposure may cause damage to lung tissue. Formed when ROG and NOX react in the presence of sunlight. Major sources include on-road motor vehicles, solvent evaporation, and commercial / industrial mobile equipment. 8 hours 0.07 ppm 0.075 ppm Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1 hour 20 ppm 35 ppm Classified as a chemical asphyxiant, carbon monoxide interferes with the transfer of fresh oxygen to the blood and deprives sensitive tissues of oxygen. Internal combustion engines, primarily gasoline-powered motor vehicles. 8 hours 9.0 ppm 9 ppm Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1 hour 0.18 ppm 0.100 ppm Irritating to eyes and respiratory tract. Colors atmosphere reddish- brown. Motor vehicles, petroleum refining operations, industrial sources, aircraft, ships, and railroads. Annual Arithmetic Mean 0.030 ppm 0.053 ppm Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 1 hour 0.25 ppm 75 ppb Irritates upper respiratory tract; injurious to lung tissue. Can yellow the leaves of plants, destructive to marble, iron, and steel. Limits visibility and reduces sunlight. Fuel combustion, chemical plants, sulfur recovery plants, and metal processing. 3 hours --- 0.50 ppm 24 hours 0.04 ppm 0.14 ppm Annual Arithmetic Mean --- 0.03 ppm Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) 24 hours 50 µg/m3 150 µg/m3 May irritate eyes and respiratory tract, decreases in lung capacity, cancer and increased mortality. Produces haze and limits visibility. Dust and fume-producing industrial and agricultural operations, combustion, atmospheric photochemical reactions, and natural activities (e.g., wind-raised dust and ocean sprays). Annual Arithmetic Mean 20 µg/m3 --- Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 24 hours --- 35 µg/m3 Increases respiratory disease, lung damage, cancer, and premature death. Reduces visibility and results in surface soiling. Fuel combustion in motor vehicles, equipment, and industrial sources; residential and agricultural burning; Also, formed from photochemical reactions of other pollutants, including NOx, sulfur oxides, and organics. Annual Arithmetic Mean 12 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 Lead (Pb) 30 Day Average 1.5 µg/m3 --- Disturbs gastrointestinal system, and causes anemia, kidney disease, and neuromuscular and neurological dysfunction (in severe cases). Present source: lead smelters, battery manufacturing and recycling facilities. Past source: combustion of leaded gasoline. Calendar Quarter --- 1.5 µg/m3 Rolling 3-Month Average --- 0.15 µg/m3 Hydrogen Sulfide 1 hour 0.03 ppm No National Standard Nuisance odor (rotten egg smell), headache and breathing difficulties (higher concentrations) Geothermal power plants, petroleum production and refining Sulfates (SO4) 24 hour 25 µg/m3 No National Standard Decrease in ventilatory functions; aggravation of asthmatic symptoms; aggravation of cardio- pulmonary disease; vegetation damage; degradation of visibility; property damage. Industrial processes. Visibility Reducing Particles 8 hour Extinction of 0.23/km; visibility of 10 miles or more No National Standard Reduces visibility, reduced airport safety, lower real estate value, and discourages tourism. See PM2.5. Vinyl Chloride 24 hour 0.01 ppm No National Standard Exposure to high levels causes central nervous system effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, and headaches, liver damage, and cancer. Production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic and vinyl products. Also results from microbial breakdown of chlorinated solvents and can be found near landfills, sewage plants, and hazardous waste sites. NOTE: ppm = parts per million; ppb = parts per billion; µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter. SOURCE: CARB, 2013b. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality SCAQMD Criteria Air Pollutants SCAQMD attains and maintains air quality conditions in the SCAB through a comprehensive program of planning, regulation, enforcement, technical innovation, and promotion of the understanding of air quality issues. The clean air strategy of SCAQMD includes preparation of plans for attainment of ambient air quality standards, adoption and enforcement of rules and regulations concerning sources of air pollution, and issuance of permits for stationary sources of air pollution. SCAQMD also inspects stationary sources of air pollution and responds to citizen complaints; monitors ambient air quality and meteorological conditions; and implements programs and regulations required by the CAA, CAAA, and CCAA. Air Quality Management Plan SCAQMD and the SCAG are responsible for preparing the air quality management plan (AQMP), which addresses federal and state CAA requirements. The AQMP details goals, policies, and programs for improving air quality in the SCAB. The 2012 AQMP was adopted by the SCAQMD Governing Board on December 12, 2012. The purpose of the 2012 AQMP for the SCAB is to set forth a comprehensive and integrated program that will lead the region into compliance with the federal 24-hour PM2.5 air quality standard, and to provide an update to the SCAB’s commitment towards meeting the federal 8-hour ozone standards (SCAQMD, 2013b). The AQMP would also serve to satisfy recent USEPA requirements for a new attainment demonstration of the revoked 1-hour ozone standard, as well as a vehicle miles travelled (VMT) emissions offset demonstration. Specifically, the AQMP would serve as the official SIP submittal for the federal 2006 24-hour PM2.5 standard, for which USEPA has established a due date of December 14, 2012. In addition, the AQMP updates specific new control measures and commitments for emissions reductions to implement the attainment strategy for the 8-hour ozone SIP. The 2012 AQMP sets forth programs which require integrated planning efforts and the cooperation of all levels of government: local, regional, state, and federal. Currently, SCAQMD staff has already begun initiating an early development process for the 2015 AQMP. SCAQMD Rules and Regulations All projects are subject to SCAQMD rules and regulations in effect at the time of construction. Specific rules applicable to the construction anticipated under the proposed project would include the following: Rule 401 – Visible Emissions. A person shall not discharge into the atmosphere from any single source of emission whatsoever any air contaminant for a period or periods aggregating more than three minutes in any 1 hour that is as dark or darker in shade as that designated No. 1 on the Ringelmann Chart, as published by the United States Bureau of Mines. Rule 402 – Nuisance. A person shall not discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material that cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or that endanger the comfort, repose, health, or Altair Specific Plan 3.2-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality safety of any such persons or the public, or that cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property. The provisions of this rule do not apply to odors emanating from agricultural operations necessary for the growing of crops or the raising of fowl or animals. Rule 403 – Fugitive Dust. This rule is intended to reduce the amount of particulate matter entrained in the ambient air as a result of anthropogenic (human-made) fugitive dust sources by requiring actions to prevent, reduce, or mitigate fugitive dust emissions. Rule 403 applies to any activity or human-made condition capable of generating fugitive dust. Rule 1113 – Architectural Coatings. No person shall apply or solicit the application of any architectural coating within the SCAQMD with VOC content in excess of the values specified in a table incorporated in the Rule. Toxic Air Contaminants At the local level, air pollution control or management districts may adopt and enforce CARB control measures. Under SCAQMD Regulation XIV (Toxics and Other Non-Criteria Pollutants), and in particular Rule 1401 (New Source Review), all sources that possess the potential to emit TACs are required to obtain permits from SCAQMD. Permits may be granted to these operations if they are constructed and operated in accordance with applicable regulations, including new source review standards and air toxics control measures. SCAQMD limits emissions and public exposure to TACs through a number of programs. SCAQMD prioritizes TAC-emitting stationary sources based on the quantity and toxicity of the TAC emissions and the proximity of the facilities to sensitive receptors. The Air Toxics Control Plan (revised March 26, 2004) is a planning document designed to examine the overall direction of SCAQMD’s air toxics control program. It includes development and implementation of strategic initiatives to monitor and control air toxics emissions. Control strategies that are deemed viable and are within SCAQMD’s jurisdiction will each be brought to the SCAQMD Board for further consideration through the normal public review process. Strategies that are to be implemented by other agencies will be developed in a cooperative effort, and the progress will be reported back to the Board periodically. In September 2008 the SCAQMD completed the Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study III (MATES III). MATES III is a monitoring and evaluation study conducted in the SCAB and is a follow up to previous air toxics studies. The study consists of several elements including a monitoring program, an updated emissions inventory of toxic air contaminants, and a modeling effort to characterize risk across the SCAB. The study focuses on the carcinogenic risk from exposure to air toxics. However, it does not estimate mortality or other health effects from particulate exposures. MATES III shows that the region around the project site area has an estimated carcinogenic risk of up to 978 in a million (SCAQMD, 2008). These model estimates were based on monitoring data collected at 10 fixed sites within the SCAB. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality City of Temecula General Plan The Air Quality Element “establishes policy foundation to implement local air quality improvement measures and provides a framework for coordination of air quality planning efforts with surrounding jurisdictions” (City of Temecula, 2005). The goals and policies relevant to the Air Quality analysis include: Goal 1 Continue coordination of air quality improvement efforts in the Western Riverside area. Policy 1.1 Coordinate planning efforts with other local, regional and State agencies, including the County of Riverside, Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG), SCAQMD and SCAG. Policy 1.2 Encourage participation of local citizens, the business community and interested groups and individuals in air quality planning and implementation efforts. Policy 1.3 Promote programs that educate the public about regional air quality issues, opportunities and solutions. Goal 2 Improve air quality through effective land use planning in Temecula. Policy 2.1 Encourage new development that provides employment opportunities for Temecula residents to improve the balance of jobs relative to housing. Policy 2.2 Encourage infill development near activity centers, within Mixed Use Overlay Areas, and along transportation corridors. Policy 2.3 Minimize land use conflicts between emission sources and sensitive receptors. Policy 2.4 Mitigate air quality impacts associated with development projects to the greatest extent feasible. Goal 3 Enhance mobility to minimize air pollutant emissions. Policy 3.1 Use transportation demand reduction techniques to reduce motor vehicle trips. Policy 3.2 Use transportation systems management techniques to maintain an orderly flow of traffic and improve mobility. Policy 3.3 Pursue development of a public transit system consisting of local shuttle and bus routes, as well as bicycle and pedestrian trails that are linked to the regional transit network. Policy 3.4 Establish a convenient and efficient system of bicycle routes and pedestrian walkways. Policy 3.5 Promote the use of alternative clean-fueled vehicles, new transportation technologies, and combustion engine alternatives for personal and business use. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality Policy 3.6 Develop and implement programs that reduce local traffic congestion at peak hours and during special events. Goal 4 Adopt effective energy conservation and recycling practices to reduce emissions. Policy 4.1 Encourage community-wide reductions in energy consumption through conservation. Policy 4.3 Encourage energy-efficient design in new development projects. The following 15 implementation programs have also been introduced in the Temecula General Plan to reduce air quality emissions. AQ-1: Multi-jurisdictional coordination: Support regional transit initiatives and promote development of high-speed rail service connecting Temecula to San Diego and Los Angeles. Actively participate in efforts to protect and improve air quality in the region. AQ-2: Public Participation: Continue to involve the general public, environmental groups, the business community, and special interest groups in the formulation and implementation of air quality programs. Conduct periodic public outreach efforts, and continue to promote public education as a method of employer compliance with the Trip Reduction Ordinance. AQ-3: Land Use Compatibility Adhere to the policies and programs of the Land Use Element, including development of mixed-use projects where designated and feasible, to ensure that future land use patterns and traffic increases are accompanied by measures to improve air quality AQ-4: Job housing Balance: Improve the jobs/housing balance in Temecula by encouraging development and expansion of businesses, while also promoting development of housing affordable to all segments of the community near job opportunity sites, and within Mixed Use Overlay Areas. AQ-5: Mitigation Measures: Assess the potential air quality impacts of individual development projects by requiring preparation of air quality analysis for individual projects. The City shall require individual development projects to comply with measures as stated in the General Plan to minimize short-term, construction-related PM10 and NOx emissions, and to minimize offsite impacts. AQ-6: Sensitive Receptors: Locate new sensitive receptors away from major air pollution sources. Require buffering of sensitive receptors from air pollution sources through the use of landscaping, open space and other separation techniques. AQ-7: Design Guidelines: Incorporate strategies into City-wide design guidelines and development standards that promote a pedestrian-scale environment, encourage use of mass transit, and reduce dependence on the automobile. AQ-8: Alternative Work Schedules: Promote the use of alternative work weeks, flextime, telecommuting, and work-at-home programs among employers in Temecula and continue to enforce provisions of the City’s Trip Reduction Ordinance, including Altair Specific Plan 3.2-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality requirements for preparation of Trip Reduction Plans (TRPs) for qualifying development projects and employers. AQ-9: Rideshare and Transit Incentives: Require employee rideshare and transit incentives for large employers, consistent with the requirements of the City’s Trip Reduction Ordinance. AQ-10: Special Events : Require operators of large scale outdoor events to submit a Trip Reduction Plan (TRP) that shall apply to both patrons and employees during the course of the event. AQ-11: Transportation Alternatives: Work to achieve local performance goals for vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction, consistent with SCAG’s Growth Management Plan recommended standards for the Western Riverside County subregion. AQ-12: Alternative Fueled Vehicles: Promote and encourage the use of alternative fuel vehicles. Consider adoption of an ordinance requiring provision of alternative fueling stations at or near major employment locations, shopping centers, public facilities, and mixed-use developments. AQ-13: Multi-Use Trails and Bikeways Master Plan: Encourage pedestrian and bicycle trips as an option to single occupancy vehicle trips by constructing and maintaining trails and bikeways specified in the Multi-Use Trails and Bikeways Master Plan. AQ-14: Park and Ride Facilities: Work with Caltrans and RTA to identify potential sites for Park and Ride facilities adjacent to key commuting routes within the City. AQ-15: Energy Efficient Design: Incorporate energy efficient design elements in residential, commercial and light industrial and mixed-use development projects. City of Temecula Municipal Code The following section of the City of Temecula Municipal Code is relevant to the proposed project (City of Temecula, 2015): 18.06.100 Dust prevention and control plan. Dust prevention and control procedures shall be employed while construction activity occurs to minimize wind borne particles. At minimum, all grading operations, land clearing, loading, stockpiling, landscaping, vehicular track-out and haul routes shall comply with South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) Rule 403 (fugitive dust emissions) and the provisions of Subarticle 3.8 of the grading manual. (Ord. 04-04 § 4 (part)) 3.2.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on the state California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines, a project would have a significant adverse effect on air quality resources if it would: • Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan; Altair Specific Plan 3.2-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality • Violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation; • Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors); • Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations; or • Create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. The City of Temecula has not developed specific air quality thresholds for air quality impacts. However, as stated in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality management or air pollution control district may be relied upon to make the above determinations. As such, the significance thresholds and analysis methodologies in SCAQMD’s CEQA Air Quality Handbook are used in evaluating project impacts. SCAQMD has no quantitative thresholds to address compliance with the AQMP. Qualitatively, if a project’s growth forecasts for population, housing and employment are consistent with those identified by SCAG, then the project would be considered to be consistent with the AQMP. SCAQMD has established daily mass thresholds for regional pollutant emissions, which are shown in Table 3.2-4. The thresholds in Table 3.2-4 will be used to evaluate the project’s potential to violate or contribute to an existing air quality violation as well as address the cumulative impacts associated with air quality violations as the SCAQMD guidance states that if projects exceed the regional thresholds then it would also result in a cumulatively considerable impact. Aside from regional air quality impacts, projects in the SCAB are also required to analyze local air quality impacts. As discussed previously, SCAQMD has developed LSTs that represent the maximum emissions from a project that are not expected to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the most stringent applicable federal or state ambient air quality standards, and thus would not cause or contribute to localized air quality impacts. LSTs are developed based on the ambient concentrations of that pollutant for each of the 38 source receptor areas (SRAs) in the SCAB. The localized thresholds, which are found in the mass rate look-up tables in SCAQMD’s Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology document, were developed for use on projects that are less than or equal to five acres in size or have a disturbance of less than or equal to five acres daily. LSTs are only applicable to the following criteria pollutants: NOx, CO, PM10, and PM2.5. As discussed previously, the construction LSTs for a 3.5-acre site and operational LSTs for a 5 acre site in SRA 26 (Temecula), which are shown in Table 3.2-5, would be used to evaluate the project’s localized air quality impacts. The thresholds in Table 3.2-5 are used to address impacts from the project with respect to exposing sensitive receptors to significant pollutant concentrations. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality TABLE 3.2-4 SCAQMD REGIONAL AIR QUALITY SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS Pollutant Mass Daily Thresholds (lb/day) Construction Operations Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) 100 55 Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) 75 55 Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) 150 150 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 55 55 Oxides of Sulfur (SOX) 150 150 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 550 550 TACs (including carcinogens and non-carcinogens Maximum Incremental Cancer Risk: ≥ 10 in 1 million Cancer Burden: > 0.5 excess cancer cases (in areas ≥ 1 in 1 million) Chronic & Acute Hazard Index: ≥ 1.0 (project increment) a As the proposed project would not involve the development of any major lead emissions sources, lead emissions would not be analyzed further in this Draft EIR. SOURCE: SCAQMD, 2011b. TABLE 3.2-5 SCAQMD LOCALIZED SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS Pollutant Monitored Within SRA 26 – Temecula Valley Allowable emissions (pounds/day) as a function of receptor distance (feet) from site boundary 82 (ft) 164 (ft) 328 (ft) 656 (ft) 1,640 (ft) Construction Thresholds – 3.5 Acre Site Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)a 302.50 345.50 441.50 596.50 1,006.50 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1,532.50 2,143.00 3,531.50 7,473 27,334 Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) 10 30 48.5 85 196 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 6 8 13 27 98 Operational Thresholds – 5 acre Site Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)a 371 416 520 675 1,072 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1,965 2,714 4,282 8,547 29,256 Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) 13 40 59 96 207 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 8 10 16 31 105 a The localized thresholds listed for NOx in this table take into consideration the gradual conversion of NO to NO2.The analysis of localized air quality impacts associated with NOx emissions focuses on NO2 levels as they are associated with adverse health effects. SOURCE: SCAQMD, 2009 Altair Specific Plan 3.2-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality It should be noted that with regards to NOx emissions, the two principal species of NOx are NO and NO2, with the vast majority (95 percent) of the NOx emissions being comprised of NO. However, because adverse health effects are associated with NO2, not NO, the analysis of localized air quality impacts associated with NOx emissions is focused on NO2 levels. For combustion sources, SCAQMD assumes that the conversion of NO to NO2 is complete at a distance of 5,000 meters from the source. CO Hotspot Historically, qualitative screening procedures and guidelines contained in the Transportation Project-Level Carbon Monoxide Protocol (the Protocol) were used to determine whether a project poses the potential for a CO hotspot (UCD ITS, 1997). According to the Protocol, projects may worsen air quality if they increase the percentage of vehicles in cold start modes by two percent or more; significantly increase traffic volumes (by five percent or more) over existing volumes; or worsen traffic flow, defined for signalized intersections as increasing average delay at intersections operating at level of service (LOS) E or F or causing an intersection that would operate at LOS D or better without the project, to operate at LOS E or F. However, it should be noted that CO concentrations have declined dramatically in California due to existing controls and programs and most areas of the state, including the region in which the proposed Project is located, have no problem meeting the state and federal CO standards. Additionally, CO hotspots have not been seen in the most congested intersections in the region in well over a decade. CO measurements and modeling were important in the early 1980s when CO levels were regularly exceeded throughout California. In more recent years, CO measurements and modeling have not been a priority in most California air districts due to the retirement of older polluting vehicles, fewer emissions from new vehicles and improvements in fuels (CARB, 2004). The reduction in older polluting vehicles and emissions controls on newer vehicles have increased the length of time that a number of vehicles can idle before emissions would trigger a CO impact. This increase in vehicle idling has made the use of the LOS as an indicator obsolete for determining CO impacts. For this reason, several air districts, including the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) (BAAQMD, 2009), have adopted guidelines that focus on criteria other than LOS and percentage traffic increase, and instead focus on total volumes and consistency with congestion management plans. The SCAQMD has not implemented a threshold other than the LOS thresholds. Therefore, because that methodology is obsolete, for the purposes of this analysis, the BAAQMD’s screening criteria have been incorporated for use in determining CO hotspots. The BAAQMD criteria are as follows (BAAQMD, 2009): 1. Consistency with an applicable congestion management program established by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways, regional transportation plan, and local congestion management agency plans. 2. Traffic volumes at affected intersections would not be increased to more than 44,000 vehicles per hour. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality 3. Traffic volumes at affected intersections would not be increased to more than 24,000 vehicles per hour where vertical and/or horizontal mixing is substantially limited (e.g., tunnels, parking garages, bridge underpass, natural or urban street canyon, below-grade roadway). For the purposes of this analysis, intersections that exceed the BAAQMD screening criteria should conduct dispersion modeling to determine the potential impact from the impacted intersections. Where the screening values are not exceeded, the project would be determined to be less than significant with respect to localized CO impacts. This threshold will further address the impacts of criteria pollutants on localized sensitive receptors. SCAQMD has no quantitative thresholds to address odor impacts for projects. Therefore a qualitative analysis based on the land use type compared to known odor generators was used to assess the project’s potential to affect a substantial number of people through the generation of odors. Methodology Air pollutant emissions associated with the project would result from operations of the future multi-family residential and commercial developments at the project site and from traffic volumes generated by these new uses. Construction activities would also generate air pollutant emissions at the project site and on roadways resulting from construction-related traffic. The net increase in emissions generated by these activities and other secondary sources have been estimated and compared to the applicable thresholds of significance recommended by SCAQMD. Construction Impacts Short-term construction-generated emissions of criteria air pollutants and ozone precursors associated with the project were modeled using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod), Version 2013.2.2, as recommended by SCAQMD. CalEEMod was used to determine whether short-term construction-related emissions of criteria air pollutants associated with the project would exceed SCAQMD’s applicable regional thresholds and whether mitigation would be required. Modeling was based on project-specific data provided by the Applicant, where available. Where project-specific information was not available, reasonable assumptions based on other similar projects and default model settings were used to estimate criteria air pollutant and ozone precursor emissions. Modeling assumptions and output files are provided in Appendix B of this Draft EIR. In addition, to determine whether or not construction activities associated with the project would create significant adverse localized air quality impacts on nearby sensitive receptors, the worst- case daily emissions contribution from the project were compared to SCAQMD’s localized significance thresholds (LSTs). The LSTs developed by SCAQMD are based on the pounds of emissions per day that can be generated by a project without causing or contributing to adverse localized air quality impacts, and only applies to the following criteria pollutants: CO, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5. The analysis of localized air quality impacts focuses only on the onsite activities of a project, and does not include emissions that are generated offsite such as from on-road haul or delivery truck trips. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality It should be noted that the construction schedule for the project could potentially change to more than three phases to better accommodate development. However, this change in phasing would only involve sub-dividing the areas of development in a different manner than originally planned and would not alter the proposed duration of development (10 years), intensity of construction activities, or the overall amount of development in the project area. Thus, should the project eventually be developed in more than three phases, the construction-related emissions analyzed in this section would not change. Operational Impacts Long-term (i.e., operational) regional emissions of criteria air pollutants and precursors associated with the proposed project, including mobile- and area-source emissions, were also quantified using the CalEEMod computer model. Area-source emissions, which are widely distributed and made of many small emissions sources (e.g., building heating and cooling units, landscaping equipment, consumer products, painting operations, etc.), were modeled according to the size and type of land use proposed. Mass mobile-source emissions were modeled based on the daily vehicle trips that would result from the proposed project. Project trip generation rates were obtained from the project’s Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) (Fehr & Peers, 2015). The resulting long-term operational emissions were then compared with the applicable SCAQMD thresholds for determination of significance. Modeling assumptions and output files are provided in Appendix B of this Draft EIR. In addition to the regional air quality impacts, the project’s localized air quality impacts during operation is also analyzed by extracting the onsite operational emissions from the CalEEMod model run for the project and evaluating those emissions against SCAQMD’s applicable operational LSTs. Because of the different acreage sizes of each project development phase (i.e., Phases 1, 2, and 3), each development phase was evaluated separately with respect to localized emissions. CO Hotspots For the purposes of this analysis, total hourly vehicle volumes through intersections and an assessment of the project’s consistency with congestion management plans was conducted to evaluate potential impacts associated with CO hotspots. Intersections that exceed the screening criteria (detailed under Thresholds of Significance above) would be required to conduct dispersion modeling to determine the potential impact from the impacted intersections. Toxic Air Contaminants TAC generators located within the SCAB are associated with diesel-fueled vehicles and specific types of facilities such as dry cleaners, gas stations, distribution centers, and ports. The project consists of residential, commercial, and institutional development that would not include any of the aforementioned TAC emitter facilities nor would it be anticipated to include diesel-powered emergency backup generators. Therefore, it is not anticipated that offsite receptors would be impacted by TAC emissions resulting from project’s operations. Additionally, while onsite residents would be considered sensitive receptors, the project site is not located within 1,000 feet of any major sources, including high-volume roadways or freeways. Therefore, this analysis discusses impacts from TACs on a qualitative basis. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality Impacts Consistency with Applicable Air Quality Plan The proposed project is located within the SCAB, which is under the jurisdiction of the SCAQMD. As such, SCAQMD’s 2012 AQMP is the applicable air quality plan for the proposed project. Projects that are consistent with the regional population, housing, and employment forecasts identified by SCAG are considered to be consistent with the AQMP growth projections, since the forecast assumptions by SCAG forms the basis of the land use and transportation control portions of the AQMP. Additionally, because SCAG’s regional growth forecasts are based upon, among other things, land uses designated in general plans, a project that is consistent with the land use designated in a general plan would also be consistent with the SCAG’s regional forecast projections, and thus also with the AQMP growth projections. The project site is identified in the General Plan as Specific Plan (SP-8), Westside/Village at Old Town, the intent of which is “to provide complementary land uses to Old Town that increase the vitality of the area; to increase the range of housing opportunities west of I-15; and to encourage sensitive site and building design given the topography of the area.” The proposed project would involve the creation of a new specific plan that meets the objectives of providing a residential complementary land use to the Old Town commercial district. Therefore, the proposed project would be consistent with the land use objectives of the specific plan area identified in the General Plan (see Section 3.9.3 in this Draft Environmental Impact Report [EIR] for further discussion). As such, because the proposed development is consistent with the intent of General Plan land use policies, the growth resulting from the project is anticipated to be consistent with SCAG’s regional forecast projections and, in turn, would also be consistent with the growth projections accounted for in SCAQMD’s AQMP. Therefore, the project would not conflict with, or obstruct, implementation of the AQMP and this impact would be less than significant Significance Determination: Less than significant Violation of Air Quality Standards Construction Construction activities associated with the proposed project would generate pollutant emissions from the following construction activities: (1) site preparation, grading, and excavation; (2) construction workers traveling to and from project site; (3) delivery and hauling of construction supplies to, and debris from, the project site; (4) fuel combustion by onsite construction equipment; (5) building construction; application of architectural coatings; and paving. These construction activities would temporarily create emissions of dust, fumes, equipment exhaust, and other air contaminants. The amount of emissions generated on a daily basis would vary, depending on the intensity and types of construction activities occurring simultaneously at the time. Compliance with Rule 403 was accounted for in the construction emissions modeling. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality Table 3.2-6 summarizes the modeled peak daily emissions of criteria air pollutants and ozone precursors associated with the project’s worst-case construction scenario. The peak daily emissions generated during each year of the project’s 10-year construction period, which includes development of Phases 1, 2, and 3, are identified. Most of the individual construction sub-phases within each development phase are anticipated to occur consecutively without overlapping with each other. The only exceptions with respect to overlapping construction sub-phases are the building construction and paving sub-phases, and the building construction and architectural sub- phases for each development phase. While these sub-phases will overlap within each development phase, the construction between the three development phases will not occur at the same time. TABLE 3.2-6 PROPOSED REGIONAL CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS Construction Year Estimated Maximum Daily Emissions (lb/day) ROG NOX CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5 2016 10.62 98.88 118.91 0.11 9.83 6.44 2017 4.71 32.09 40.81 0.09 6.24 2.93 2018 45.39 30.73 43.43 0.10 6.91 3.03 2019 5.80 54.27 60.18 0.14 9.05 5.71 2020 3.96 25.39 43.11 0.11 7.53 2.85 2021 3.65 22.98 41.45 0.11 7.36 2.69 2022 69.23 38.48 62.17 0.16 9.47 5.16 2023 4.70 30.81 60.55 0.16 9.31 3.41 2024 3.47 19.72 44.75 0.14 8.55 2.82 2025 69.61 20.11 49.30 0.16 9.90 3.17 Regional Significance Threshold 75 100 550 150 150 55 Significant Impact? No No No No No No NOTE: Construction emissions would be slightly different during the summer and winter seasons. Maximum daily emissions of ROG and NOX would generally be higher during the winter while emissions of CO and SO2 would generally be higher in the summer. The maximum emissions for each pollutant over the course of the summer and winter seasons are shown in this table. SOURCE: ESA, 2015 As shown in Table 3.2-6, the maximum daily construction emissions generated by the project’s worst-case construction scenario would not exceed SCAQMD’s daily significance threshold for any criteria pollutants during any of the modeled construction phases. Therefore, construction phase emissions would have a less-than-significant impact related to regional air quality. Significance Determination: Less than significant Operation Implementation of the proposed project would result in long-term regional emissions of criteria air pollutants and ozone precursors associated with area sources, such as natural gas consumption, landscaping, applications of architectural coatings, and consumer products, in addition to Altair Specific Plan 3.2-21 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality operational mobile emissions. According to the TIA prepared for the project, development of the project would result in a net increase in 19,232 vehicle trips per day. Table 3.2-7 shows the maximum unmitigated daily operational emissions. As shown, the project would result in long-term regional emissions of ROG, NOx, and CO that would exceed the SCAQMD’s applicable thresholds. Emissions of SOx, PM10 and PM2.5 would be below SCAQMD’s applicable thresholds. Therefore, the project’s operational emissions would have the potential to result in or substantially contribute to emissions concentrations that exceed the NAAQS and CAAQS and mitigation is required. TABLE 3.2-7 PROPOSED PROJECT UNMITIGATED OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS Emissions Source Estimated Emissions (lb/day) ROG NOX CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5 Phase 1 Area Sources 13.12 0.48 41.59 0.00 0.83 0.82 Energy Sources 0.15 1.32 0.56 0.01 0.11 0.11 Mobile Sources 9.94 31.19 106.97 0.30 20.96 5.90 Total Phase 1 Emissions 23.21 32.99 149.13 0.31 21.89 6.83 Phase 2 Area Sources 19.67 0.64 55.12 0.00 1.10 1.09 Energy Sources 0.24 2.11 1.04 0.01 0.17 0.17 Mobile Sources 15.99 41.43 160.16 0.53 36.39 10.21 Total Phase 2 Emissions 35.90 44.17 216.32 0.55 37.66 11.47 Phase 3 Area Sources 27.50 0.56 48.81 0.00 0.96 0.96 Energy Sources 0.53 4.73 3.67 0.03 0.36 0.36 Mobile Sources 26.95 59.20 265.31 0.99 67.46 18.94 Total Phase 3 Emissions 54.98 64.49 317.79 1.02 68.79 20.26 Total Net Operational Emissions 114.09 141.65 683.24 1.88 128.34 38.56 Regional Significance Threshold 55 55 550 150 150 55 Significant Impact? Yes Yes Yes No No No SOURCE: ESA, 2015 The majority of the emissions are from either mobile sources or area sources related to hearth and consumer product usage. Implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ- 1e will reduce the project’s operational emissions of criteria pollutants. While mitigation measures are proposed that will reduce VMT, the reductions in vehicle emissions from these measures cannot be quantified due to the fact that the level of compliance would vary depending on the type of development operating and the level of effort applied by each development to implement the mitigation measures. The total mitigated operational emissions that would result from implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e are shown in Table 3.2-8. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-22 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality TABLE 3.2-8 PROPOSED PROJECT MITIGATED OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS Emissions Source Estimated Emissions (lb/day) ROG NOX CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5 Phase 1 Area Sources 12.19 0.47 40.54 0.00 0.22 0.22 Energy Sources 0.15 1.32 0.56 0.01 0.11 0.11 Mobile Sources 9.94 31.19 106.97 0.30 20.96 5.90 Total Phase 1 Emissions 22.29 32.98 148.08 0.31 21.29 6.23 Phase 2 Area Sources 18.22 0.62 53.74 0.00 0.30 0.30 Energy Sources 0.24 2.11 1.04 0.01 0.17 0.17 Mobile Sources 15.99 41.43 160.16 0.53 36.39 10.21 Total Phase 2 Emissions 34.45 44.16 214.94 0.55 36.85 10.68 Phase 3 Area Sources 25.24 0.55 47.57 0.00 0.26 0.26 Energy Sources 0.45 4.73 3.13 0.02 0.31 0.31 Mobile Sources 26.95 59.20 265.31 0.99 67.46 18.94 Total Phase 3 Emissions 52.65 64.48 316.02 1.01 68.04 19.51 Total Net Operational Emissions 109.38 141.61 679.03 1.87 126.17 36.41 Regional Significance Threshold 55 55 550 150 150 55 Significant Impact? Yes Yes Yes No No No SOURCE: ESA,2015 As shown, even with implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e, operational emissions generated under the proposed project would not be reduced to below SCAQMD’s applicable regional thresholds. While several of the mitigation measures are unquantifiable, it is not likely that even with their full implementation all emissions would be reduced to below the SCAQMD thresholds. Therefore, the project’s impacts related to regional operational emissions will be significant and unavoidable. Impact AQ-1: Operational activities occurring after the buildout of the project would violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to any existing or projected air quality violation. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1a: No fireplaces shall be included in the residential units. Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1b: The lease or purchase agreements for all non-residential units shall include the following: a) Required use of low VOC cleaning supplies in all buildings. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality b) Required use of low VOC architectural coatings. Architectural coatings shall be 150 grams per liter or less for both interior and exterior coatings applied as part of building maintenance and upkeep. c) Employers shall allow alternative work weeks, flextime, telecommuting, and/or work-at- home programs as appropriate to the business developed. (non-quantifiable) Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1c: All residential and non-residential properties shall be equipped with exterior electrical outlets such that a minimum of 10 percent of landscape equipment can be electrically operated. Landscape contracts for all multi-family residential and non-residential buildings shall include a mandatory requirement stipulating that a minimum of 10 percent of all landscape equipment used onsite would be electrically operated. Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1d: All residential and non-residential buildings shall be constructed such that they meet one of the following conditions: a) Buildings shall implement energy efficiency standards that exceed the 2013 Title 24 standards by 15 percent; or b) Project design shall include onsite renewable energy, for example the incorporation of solar panels into project development, such that 9 percent of the onsite energy consumption is offset. Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1e: The lease or purchase agreements for all multi-family residential and non-residential units shall: a) Require that transit routes be posted in common areas of multi-family residential buildings and employee/student areas for non-residential buildings. Additionally, building management shall encourage a ride-share program within the specific plan area such that employees as well as residents have more access to car-pooling opportunities. (non-quantifiable) b) Shall encourage the use of alternative vehicles by providing incentives such as, but not limited to, special parking for alternative fueled vehicles and/or parking cost reduction for alternative fueled vehicles. (non-quantifiable) c) Require that 5 percent of all available off-street parking spaces (per multi-family and non-residential development) shall be equipped with charging stations to encourage the use of electric vehicles. (non-quantifiable) Significance after Mitigation: Significant and unavoidable As indicated in Table 3.2-1, applicable ozone standards have regularly been exceeded at the nearest (Lake Elsinore) monitoring station between 2011 and 2013 and the SCAB is designated as a non-attainment region for ozone. The proposed project’s ROG and NOx emission increases could contribute to additional air quality violations in the SCAB region by contributing to more days of ozone exceedance or result in air quality index levels that are unhealthy for sensitive groups and other populations. On unhealthy days, persons are recommended to avoid both Altair Specific Plan 3.2-24 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality prolonged outdoor activities and activities requiring heavy exertion outdoors. Short-term exposure to ozone can irritate the eyes and cause constriction of the airways. In addition to causing shortness of breath, ozone can aggravate existing respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Exposure of Sensitive Receptors to Pollutant Concentrations CO Hotspots A total of 25 local intersections were analyzed as part of the TIA that was prepared for the proposed project (Fehr & Peers, 2015). The existing, existing plus project, cumulative, and cumulative plus project peak hour conditions were evaluated against the screening level threshold of 24,000 vehicles per hour.2 The study area intersections with the maximum peak hour traffic volumes are shown in Table 3.2-9. Under all scenarios, the total vehicles generated during the PM peak hour are greater than those for the AM peak hour at all study intersections. As none of the peak hour traffic at all of the intersections would come close to 24,000 vehicles per hour, CO emissions from these vehicles volumes would be less than significant. TABLE 3.2-9 PEAK HOURLY TRAFFIC VOLUMES Without Project With Project Intersection AM PM AM PM Existing Ynez Rd / Rancho California Rd 5,195 6,972 5,425 7,194 Ynez Rd / Winchester Rd 5,023 7,028 5,138 7,139 Screening Threshold 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 Significant? No No No No Cumulative Ynez Rd / Rancho California Rd 6,070 7,810 6,300 8,032 Temecula Pkwy / Pechanga Pkwy 6,530 7,610 6,876 7,945 Screening Threshold 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 Significant? No No No No SOURCE: Fehr & Peers, 2015 The Riverside County Congestion Management Program (CMP) requires that if an EIR was prepared, new developments analyze the project’s potential impacts on CMP monitoring locations. The project’s TIA (Fehr & Peers, 2015) analyzed the project impacts on nearby CMP monitoring stations for arterial roadways. If a CMP monitoring segment falls into an LOS of F, a deficiency plan would be required. As determined in the TIA for the project, there are no CMP arterials or roadway segments within the project study area. Therefore, the proposed project would not conflict with the CMP due to additional growth. 2 For the purpose of conducting a conservative analysis, the more conservative BAAQMD screening threshold for CO hotspots is used for the project. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality Given that the project would not exceed the screening level intersection volumes, nor would it conflict with the local CMP, impacts related to CO hotspots would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Localized Construction Air Quality Impacts – Criteria Air Pollutants Daily onsite construction emissions generated by the project were evaluated against SCAQMD’s LSTs for a 3.5-acre site to determine whether the emissions would cause or contribute to adverse localized air quality impacts.3 The nearest offsite sensitive receptors are the multi-family residential dwelling units located directly adjacent to the project site on the east. Additionally, the project itself would also introduce sensitive receptors (e.g., residential and school uses) once the individual development phases are completed. Table 3.2-10 identifies the daily unmitigated, localized onsite emissions that are estimated to occur during the project’s worst-case construction scenario. TABLE 3.2-10 PROPOSED PROJECT UNMITIGATED LOCALIZED DAILY CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS Construction Year Estimated Maximum Daily Onsite Emissions (lb/day) NOX CO PM10a PM2.5a 2016 86.83 115.09 9.83 6.48 2071 27.64 24.62 1.88 1.71 2018 26.42 25.48 1.74 1.59 2019 55.93 49.20 8.98 5.70 2020 20.67 25.32 1.25 1.09 2021 18.75 24.78 1.09 0.94 2022 40.50 47.13 8.42 5.16 2023 26.28 42.20 1.37 1.18 2024 15.32 27.56 0.79 0.63 2025 15.47 29.02 0.75 0.61 Highest Daily Construction Emissions 86.83 115.09 9.83 6.48 Localized Significance Thresholdb 302.5 1532.5 10 6 Significant Impact? No No No YES a Emissions account for implementation of dust control measures as required by SCAQMD Rule 403—Fugitive Dust. b LST values are extrapolated from the SCAQMD LST Threshold Tables for SRA 26 and is based on the construction-related disturbance of 3.5 acres per day. The 3.5 acreage was determined based on the equipment used during site preparation activities, which generated the highest PM10 and PM2.5 emissions. SOURCE: ESA,2015 3 According to SCAQMD’s LST methodology, LSTs are only applicable to the onsite construction emissions that are generated by a project and do not apply to emissions generated offsite such as mobile emissions on roadways from worker, vendor, and haul truck trips. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-26 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality As shown, the daily unmitigated emissions generated onsite by the proposed project’s worst-case construction scenario would exceed the applicable SCAQMD LST for PM2.5 for a 3.5-acre site in SRA 26 in 2016, during the site preparation sub-phase. The emissions for the remaining pollutants of concern (NOx, CO, and PM10) would not exceed the applicable SCAQMD LSTs in any construction year. As the project’s worst-case construction emissions would exceed SCAQMD’s applicable LST for PM2.5 the localized air quality impacts associated with PM2.5 would be potentially significant. Localized impacts for NOX, CO, and PM10 would be less-than significant. However, with implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-2, the total onsite emissions of PM2.5 generated during the site preparation sub-phase would be reduced to below the SCAQMD’s applicable LST for a 3.5-acre site. The total mitigated PM2.5 emissions that would result from implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-2 during project construction in 2016 is shown in Table 3.2-11. While only the reduction of PM2.5 for 2016 is shown, Mitigation Measure MM- AQ-2 would reduce PM10 and PM2.5 emissions from all site preparation and grading construction sub-phases. Therefore, localized air quality impacts associated with PM2.5 would be reduced to a less-than-significant level. TABLE 3.2-11 PROPOSED PROJECT MITIGATED LOCALIZED PM2.5 EMISSIONS 4 Construction Year Estimated Maximum Daily Onsite Emissions (lb/day) with Mitigationa PM2.5 2016 5.73 Localized Significance Threshold 6 Significant Impact? No a Incorporates Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1e. SOURCE: ESA,2015 Impact AQ-2: Emissions of localized criteria pollutants from construction of the project could expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-2: The site shall be watered four times per day during ground disturbance (grading) activities for all project development phases. During drought conditions, defined as Water Shortage Stages 4 or 5 as determined by the Rancho California Water District, use of reclaimed water or non-water chemical stabilizers shall be implemented such that fugitive emissions reductions are comparable. Permission to use potable water for dust control activities during drought conditions shall be granted by the City of Temecula Building Official if the General Contractor shows in writing that (1) Reclaimed water is not available in sufficient quality 4 Additionally, even though the unmitigated emissions of NOx, CO, and PM10 would not exceed their respective LSTs, the implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1a could also further reduce these emissions during project construction. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality and quantity from recycled wastewater treatment facilities located within 10 miles of the construction site; and (2) Well water or groundwater is not available in sufficient quality and quantity from wells and groundwater sources located within 10 miles of the construction site. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Localized Operational Air Quality Impacts – Criteria Air Pollutants During project operations, the daily amount of localized pollutant emissions generated onsite by the project would not be substantial. The proposed project’s onsite operational emissions are shown in Table 3.2-12. As shown, the project’s total operational-related emissions generated onsite would not exceed SCAQMD’s screening operational LSTs. Thus, no dispersion modeling is required and localized air quality impacts during project operations would be less than significant. TABLE 3.2-12 PROPOSED PROJECT LOCALIZED OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS Development Phases Estimated Emissions (lb/day) NOX CO PM10 PM2.5 Phase 1 7.39 76.00 1.35 0.63 Phase 2 27.01 60.87 1.77 0.99 Phase 3 40.11 106.81 3.73 1.68 Localized Significance Threshold 371 1,965 4 2 Significant Impact? No No No No SOURCE: ESA, 2015 Significance Determination: Less than significant Localized Construction Air Quality Impacts – TACs Project construction would result in short-term emissions of diesel PM, which is a TAC. Diesel PM poses a carcinogenic health risk that is measured using an exposure period of 70 years. The exhaust of off-road heavy-duty diesel equipment would emit diesel PM during demolition; site preparation (e.g., clearing); site grading and excavation; paving; installation of utilities, materials transport, and handling; building construction; and other miscellaneous activities. SCAQMD has not adopted a methodology for analyzing such impacts and has not recommended that health risk assessments be completed for construction-related emissions of TACs. The construction period for the proposed project would be much less than the 70-year period used for risk determination. Although project construction would occur over a 10-year period, construction activities would not occur across the entire project site during the entire duration of this period. Instead, construction activities would likely occupy much smaller areas located throughout the 270-acre project site. Because off-road heavy-duty diesel equipment would be used only for short time periods at each active construction area, and spread out over 270 acres, project Altair Specific Plan 3.2-28 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Air Quality construction would not expose any existing nearby sensitive receptors or new onsite receptors to substantial emissions of TACs. This impact would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant. Localized Operational Air Quality Impacts – TACs Typical sources of acutely and chronically hazardous TACs include industrial manufacturing processes, automotive repair facilities, and dry cleaning facilities. The project would not include any of these potential sources, although minimal emissions may result from the use of consumer products. Additionally, it is not anticipated that emergency back-up generators would be required for the new land uses associated with the project. However, if a generator was implemented for a new land use, it would typically only be used during emergencies and may be turned on periodically for maintenance and inspection purposes. Further, emergency back-up generators are subject to SCAQMD regulatory requirements, which limit the allowable emissions to a level below that which would result in a significant impact. As such, the periodic operation of a backup generator at the project site would not expose nearby sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant or TAC emissions. Additionally, as the project is not located within the buffer distance of any major TAC-emitting facilities, including being within 500 feet of any freeway or major roadway with more than 100,000 vehicles per day, the project is not anticipated to be adversely affected by proximity to exposure to diesel exhaust emissions. The nearest freeway to the project site is I-15 which is located more than 1,000 feet east of the project site. Therefore, TAC impacts are less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Objectionable Odors Land uses that are associated with odor complaints typically include agricultural uses, wastewater treatment plants, food processing plants, chemical plants, composting, refineries, landfills, dairies, and fiberglass molding. As the proposed residential, commercial, and civic/institutional developments associated with the project does not include any of these uses that have been identified as being associated with odors, the project is not expected to result in objectionable odors for the neighboring uses. During construction of the project, exhaust from equipment and activities associated with the application of architectural coatings and other interior and exterior finishes may produce discernible odors typical of most construction sites. Such odors would be a temporary source of nuisance to adjacent uses, but would not affect a substantial number of people. As odors associated with project construction would be temporary and intermittent in nature, the odors would not be considered to be a significant environmental impact. In addition, operational activities associated with the proposed land uses are not anticipated to result in significant odors. Therefore, impacts associated with objectionable odors would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant. Altair Specific Plan 3.2-29 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources This section provides a description of the existing biological resources at and in the vicinity of the project and provides an analysis of the potential for significant impacts to biological resources as a result of project development. The following analysis is based on several biological surveys conducted within the project area between 2005 and 2015 by Helix Environmental Planning, Inc. (Helix) including, but not limited to, least Bell’s vireo (Vireo pusillus bellii) survey (Helix, 2014a), burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) survey (Helix, 2014b), and wet and dry season fairy shrimp surveys (Helix, 2015f and 2015g). In addition, a Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) Consistency Report (Appendix C and C1 of this EIR; Helix, 2015a) and a Jurisdictional Delineation Report (Appendix M of this EIR; Helix, 2015b) was prepared by Helix. 3.3.1 Regulatory Framework The following provides a general description of the applicable regulatory requirements for the Project, including federal, state, and local policies and guidelines. Migratory Bird Treaty Act The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of 1918, as amended, is designed to protect birds that migrate and cross state lines to provide management of migratory birds at a federal level. The MBTA prohibits the kill or transport of native migratory birds, or any part, nest, or egg of such bird unless allowed by another regulation adopted in accordance with the MBTA. Federal Endangered Species Act The Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) was established to protect wildlife species and habitats from extinction and diminishment. The FESA is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and applies to federally listed species and habitat occupied by the federally listed species. FESA Section 9 forbids acts that directly or indirectly harm listed species. Specifically, Section 9 identified prohibited acts related to endangered species, and all persons, including federal, state, and local governments, from taking listed fish and wildlife species, except as specified under the provisions for exceptions (16 U.S.C. 1539). The term ‘take’ is defined as to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such activity (16 U.S.C. 1532[18]). Clean Water Act In 1948, Congress passed the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Act). The Act was later amended in 1972 and became known as the Clean Water Act (CWA). The CWA establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the Waters of the U.S. The CWA specifies a variety of regulatory and non-regulatory tools to sharply reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance municipal wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. • Sections 303 and 304 provide for water quality standards, criteria, and guidelines. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources • Section 401 requires every applicant for a federal permit or license for any activity that may result in a discharge to a water body to obtain a water quality certification that the proposed activity will comply with applicable water quality standards. Under Section 401 of the CWA, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) must certify that actions receiving authorization under Section 404 of the CWA also meet state water quality standards. • Section 402 regulates point- and nonpoint-source discharges to surface waters through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. In California, the SWRCB oversees the NPDES program, which is administered by the Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCB). The NPDES program provides for both general permits (those that cover a number of similar or related activities) and individual permits. Anti-backsliding requirements provided for under CWA Sections 402(o)(2) and 303(d)(4) prohibit slackening of discharge requirements and regulations under revised NPDES permits. With isolated/limited exceptions, these regulations require effluent limitations in a reissued permit to be at least as stringent as those contained in the previous permit. • Section 404 of the CWA establishes a program to regulate the discharge of dredged and fill material into Waters of the U.S., including some wetlands. Activities in Waters of the U.S. that are regulated under this program include fills for development, water resource projects (e.g., dams and levees), infrastructure development (e.g., highways and airports), and conversion of wetlands to uplands for farming and forestry. This program is administered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). California Endangered Species Act The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) is similar in many ways to the FESA. CESA is administered by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). CESA provides a process for CDFW to list species as threatened or endangered in response to a citizen petition or by its own initiative (Fish and Game Code § 2070 et seq.). Section 2080 of CESA prohibits the take of species listed as threatened or endangered pursuant to the CESA (Fish and Game Code § 2080). Section 2081 allows CDFW to authorize take prohibited under Section 2080 provided that: (1) the taking is incidental to an otherwise lawful activity; (2) the taking will be minimized and fully mitigated; (3) the applicant ensures adequate funding for minimization and mitigation; and (4) the authorization will not jeopardize the continued existence of listed species (Fish and Game Code § 2081). California Department of Fish and Game Code The California Fish and Game Code (CFGC) regulates the taking of birds, mammals, fish, amphibians, and reptiles, as well as natural resources such as wetlands and Waters of the State. It includes the CESA (Sections 2050-2115) and Streambed Alteration Agreement regulations (Sections 1600-1616), as well as provisions for legal hunting and fishing, and tribal agreements involving the take of native wildlife. Any project impact to State-listed species within or adjacent to a project site would require a permit under CESA. Also, if a project proposes to alter a State- defined wetland, then a Streambed Alteration Agreement would be required from CDFW. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources California Native Plant Protection Act The California Native Plant Protection Act (CNPPA) of 1977 (Fish and Game Code Sections 1900–1913) is intended to preserve, protect, and enhance endangered or rare native plants in California and gives the CDFW authority to designate State endangered, threatened, and rare plants and provides specific protection measures for identified populations. The CNPPA also directs the California Fish and Game Commission to adopt regulations governing taking, possessing, propagation, and sale of any endangered or rare native plant. Vascular plants listed as rare or endangered by the California Native Plant Society (2011), but which have no designated status or protection under federal or State endangered species legislation, are defined as follows: • Rank 1A: Plants Believed Extinct. • Rank 1B: Plants Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California and elsewhere. • Rank 2: Plants Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California, but more numerous elsewhere. • Rank 3: Plants About Which More Information is Needed - A Review List. • Rank 4: Plants of Limited Distribution - A Watch List. Natural Community Conservation Planning Program The Natural Community Conservation Program (NCCP) Act, Sections 2800-2840 of the CFGC, authorized the preparation of NCCPs to protect natural communities and species while allowing a reasonable amount of economic development. The MSHCP, adopted by the County of Riverside on June 17, 2003, serves as a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) pursuant to the NCCP Act and pursuant to Section 10 (a)(1)(B) of the FESA. Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan The project site lies within the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP). The MSHCP involves the assembly and management of a 500,000-acre Conservation Area for the conservation of natural habitats and their constituent wildlife populations. The MSHCP was developed to serve as a HCP pursuant to the NCCP Act and Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the FESA. It encompasses 1.26 million acres and includes all unincorporated Riverside County land west of the crest of the San Jacinto Mountains to the Orange County line as well as jurisdictional areas of the Cities of Temecula, Murrieta, Lake Elsinore, Canyon Lake, Norco, Corona, Riverside, Moreno Valley, Banning, Beaumont, Calimesa, Perris, Hemet, and San Jacinto. The overarching purpose of the plan is to balance development and economic interests with species and lands conservation goals. The MSHCP permits development of lands and take of species “in exchange for the assembly and management of a coordinated MSHCP Conservation Area (Riverside County, 2004). The approval of the MSHCP and the Implementing Agreement (IA) by the USFWS and the CDFW allows signatories of the IA to issue “take” authorizations for the 146 species covered by the MSHCP (termed “covered species”), including state and federally listed species, as well as Altair Specific Plan 3.3-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources other identified sensitive species. The “take” authorization includes impacts to the habitats of the covered species. The MSHCP requires any new development to pay fees to support the financing for the MSHCP. The fees are intended to meet mitigation requirements for CEQA, FESA and CESA. The MSHCP is further broken down into core areas and linkages, which are the focus of reserve and preservation actions. City of Temecula General Plan The City of Temecula has a comprehensive General Plan that addresses multiple aspects of city planning and development as well as the preservation of natural resources such as open space, sensitive biological resources, and water. The following are biological resource goals and policies from the City’s General Plan Open Space/Conservation Element that are applicable to this project: Goal 3: Conservation of important biological habitats and protection of plant and animal species of concern, wildlife movement corridors, and general biodiversity. Policy 3.1: Require development proposals to identify significant biological resources and provide mitigation, including the use of adequate buffering and sensitive site planning techniques, selective preservation, provision of replacement habitats; and other appropriate measures. Policy 3.3: Coordinate with the County of Riverside and other relevant agencies in the adoption and implementation of the Riverside County MSHCP. Policy 3.4: Encourage developers to incorporate native drought resistant vegetation, mature trees, and other significant vegetation into site and landscape designs for proposed projects. Policy 3.5: Maintain an inventory of existing natural resources in the City. Policy 3.6: Limit recreational use of designated open space areas where there are sensitive biological resources as needed to protect these resources. Policy 3.7: Maintain and enhance the resources of Temecula Creek, Pechanga Creek, Murrieta Creek, Santa Gertrudis Creek, Santa Margarita River, and other waterways to ensure the long-term viability of habitat, wildlife and wildlife movement corridors. Implementation Program OS-9: Require development proposals in all areas inside or adjacent to sensitive habitat areas, designated critical habitat, and Western Riverside County MSHCP conservation areas and core linkages as defined by the USFWS, the CDFW, and the MSHCP, to provide detailed biological assessments, assess potential impacts, and mitigate significant impacts to a level below significance. Implementation Program OS-11: Require appropriate resource protection measures to be prepared in conjunction with specific plans and subsequent development proposals. Such Altair Specific Plan 3.3-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources requirements may include the preparation of a Vegetation Management Program that addresses landscape maintenance, fuel modification zones, management of passive open space areas, corridor connections for wildlife movement, conservation of water sources, and rehabilitation of biological resources displaced in the planning process, and use of project design, engineering, and construction practices that minimize impacts to sensitive species, MSHCP conservation areas, and designated critical habitats. Implementation Program OS-14: Continue to participate in multi-species habitat conservation planning, watershed management planning, and water resource management planning efforts. Implementation Program OS-32: Require project developers to retain coast live oak woodland, including oaks within new development areas, and require surveys of all coast live oak trees prior to construction to determine if any raptor nests are present and active. If active nests are observed, postponement of construction activities until the end of the fledgling season is required. The City shall apply the following guidelines from the Riverside County Oak Tree Management Guidelines (see General Plan for details). Implementation Program OS-33: Require project proponents to minimize impacts to Coastal sage scrub, Riversidean alluvial fan sage scrub, chaparral, and non-native grassland consistent with the MSHCP. Such mitigation measures will include, but are not limited to: onsite preservation, offsite acquisition of mitigation land located within the City and inside MSHCP conservation areas, and habitat restoration of degraded sage scrub vegetation that increases habitat quality and the biological function of the site. Implementation Program OS-34: Require project proponents to avoid adverse impacts to Riparian Scrub, Woodland, and Forest and Water vegetation communities to the maximum extent possible. Mitigation consistent with the MSHCP, and future mitigation ratios established by the City will be required, including, but not limited to: wetland creation in upland areas, wetland restoration that re-establishes the habitat functions of a former wetland, and wetland enhancement that improves the self-sustaining habitat functions of an existing wetland. Mitigation measures will be required to achieve “no net loss” of wetland functions and values. Implementation Program OS-35: Review development-associated impacts to MSHCP conservation areas for consistency with the MSHCP reserve and buffer development requirements, and require compliance with the following MSHCP Urban/Wildlife Interface Guidelines (see General Plan for details). Implementation Program OS-36: Require work corridor surveys to identify active nests for projects with the potential to adversely impact nesting migratory birds, as defined under the MBTA. Development projects shall avoid active nests and, if necessary, require seasonal timing constraints for riparian habitat clearing and an MBTA Special Purpose permit prior to the removal of active nests of MBTA covered species. Goal 5: Conservation of open space areas for a balance of recreation, scenic enjoyment, and protection of natural resources and features. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Policy 5.1: Conserve the western escarpment and southern ridgelines, the Santa Margarita River, slopes in the Sphere of Influence, and other important landforms and historic landscape features through the development review process. Policy 5.2: Identify significant viewsheds to proposed projects that may be preserved through the dedication of open space or the use of sensitive grading, site design, and building techniques. Policy 5.3: Encourage the use of clustered development and other site planning techniques to maximize the preservation of permanent open space. Policy 5.4: Retain and improve the quality of landscaping in parkways, public slopes, rights-of-way, parks, civic facilities, and other public open areas. Policy 5.8: Require re-vegetation of graded slopes concurrent with project development to minimize erosion and maintain the scenic character of the community. Policy 5.11: Encourage the use of native vegetation where revegetation and landscaping is to occur. Implementation Program OS-24: Provide for a planned residential development process in the Development Code to allow clustering of development and the dedication of open space for conserving natural resources, views, and providing additional recreational opportunities. City of Temecula Municipal Code City of Temecula Heritage Tree Ordinance (Ord. 09-05 § 1) The purpose of this Ordinance is to protect and preserve Oak, California Bay Laurel, California Black Walnut, California Holly, and California Sycamore trees as well as other trees of special significance to the community; and to justify special efforts to preserve and protect them from development activity. Heritage Trees are defined as any specimen of the aforementioned species that has been identified in a tree inventory in connection with the submittal of an application for a discretionary permit and has reached the required diameter (= diameter at breast height [dbh] of 18 inches or more). As stipulated in Ordinance 09-05, Chapter 8.48.120, the Heritage Tree Ordinance is not applicable to previously adopted Specific Plans or future Specific Plan Areas, as such plans will contain their own requirements for protection and preservation of Heritage Trees. Conservation Mitigation Fees Temecula’s Municipal Code Chapter 15 regulates the implementation of the MSHCP within the City Limits through a Conservation Mitigation Fee. The fee is to assist in providing revenue to acquire and preserve vegetation communities and natural areas within the city and western Riverside County which are known to support threatened, endangered or key sensitive populations of plant and wildlife species. Each development project or portion thereof to be Altair Specific Plan 3.3-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources constructed is required to pay these fees. The fee is calculated using an equivalent benefit unit methodology. The current fee structure is as follows: • Residential, density less than 8 dwelling units per acre - $1,651 per dwelling unit. • Residential, density between 8.1 and 14 dwelling units per acre - $1,057 per dwelling unit. • Residential, density greater than 14.1 dwelling units per acre - $859 per dwelling unit. • Commercial - $5,620 per acre. • Industrial - $5,620 per acre. 3.3.2 Environmental Setting Regional Setting The approximately 270-acre project area is located in the City of Temecula, Riverside County, California. The project is situated west of Interstate 15, south of Rancho California Road, and immediately north of the Santa Margarita River, within the Santa Margarita River watershed (see Figure 2-1). Regional geographic features include the Santa Rosa Plateau and the Temecula Escarpment to the west, the Santa Margarita Ecological Preserve and the Santa Margarita River to the south, the Palomar Mountains to the southeast and large expanses of development within Temecula Valley to the north and east. Project Setting Topography within the project includes steep hills and narrow, incised canyons with elevations ranging from approximately 1,000 to 1,440 feet above mean sea level. Drainage on the project site runs from west to east/northeast toward Murrieta Creek, which converges with Temecula Creek, a tributary of the Santa Margarita River, which is located near the southeastern boundary of the project. Undeveloped land abuts the project to the south; undeveloped land, rural development and agriculture occur to the west; undeveloped land and urban development occur to the north; and urban development and Murrieta Creek exist to the east of the project. Sage scrub and chaparral dominate the vegetation within the project area with non-native grassland dominating the lower, flatter areas along the eastern boundary; grading activities from previously approved development have disturbed the northeastern corner of the project area. Soils within the project area include Arlington and Greenfield fine sandy loam, Escondido fine sandy loam, Fallbrook rocky sandy loam, Garretson very fine sandy loam, Garretson gravelly very fine sandy loam, Lodo gravelly loam, Lodo rocky loam, Ysidora gravelly very fine sandy loam, rough broken land, riverwash, and terrace escarpments (Helix, 2015a). The project area is in unsectioned lands of Township 8 South, Range 3 West and is shown on the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute Temecula quadrangle map (Figure 3 in Appendix C), within the Murrieta Creek and Santa Rosa Plateau subunits (Subunits 1 and 6) of the MSHCP’s Southwest Area Plan (Figure 4 in Appendix C). A portion of the project area lies in Cell Group Altair Specific Plan 3.3-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources ‘K’ (Cell Numbers 7077 and 7161; Figure 5 in Appendix C); the remainder lies in Independent Cells (Cell Numbers 7078, 7164, 7166, 7258, 7264, 7355, and 7356). Common Plants and Vegetation Communities The nomenclatures used for the vegetation communities, indicated below in Table 3.3-1, are based on the MSHCP Uncollapsed Vegetation Communities Classifications. The Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California by Robert F. Holland (1986) was used as a supporting resource to help classify the vegetation communities onsite. TABLE 3.3-1 EXISTING VEGETATION COMMUNITY ACREAGES WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA Habitat Acres* Riparian/Riverine Habitats Riparian woodland 0.49 Southern willow scrub 0.38 Herbaceous wetland 0.08 Coast live oak woodland 0.64 Subtotal 1.59 Upland Habitats Native grassland 0.1 Coast live oak woodland 6.5 Diegan coastal sage scrub 148.7 Southern mixed chaparral 68.6 Non-native grassland 26.6 Non-native vegetation 0.8 Disturbed habitat 13.5 Developed 4.3 Subtotal 269.1 TOTAL 270.7** * Riparian/Riverine Habitats acres are rounded to the nearest 0.01; Upland Habitats acres are rounded to the nearest 0.1. ** Due to a difference in rounding, the total acreage may vary slightly as compared to total acreage in Table S-1 and Table 2-1. SOURCE: Helix, 2015a A complete list of plant species occurring within these communities, along with detailed descriptions of the communities themselves and a detailed map of the extent and location of each community is included in Appendix C. Common Wildlife The various vegetation communities within the project area provide habitat for a variety of common wildlife species, such as Anna’s hummingbird (Calypte anna), black phoebe (Sayornis Altair Specific Plan 3.3-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources nigricans), bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus), California thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum), California towhee (Melozone crissalis), California quail (Callipepla californica), Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii), lesser goldfinch (Spinus psaltria), acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), red- tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus), spotted towhee (Pipilo maculatus), turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), white-tailed kite (Elanus leucurus), wren (Thryomanes sp.), coyote (Canis latrans), bobcat (Lynx rufus), mountain lion (Puma concolor), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). A complete list of wildlife species identified during focused surveys is provided in Appendix C. Sensitive Natural Communities Sensitive natural communities are designated by CDFW, or in local policies and regulations, such as the MSHCP. Such communities are generally considered to have important functions or values for wildlife and/or are recognized as declining in extent or distribution, and are considered threatened enough to warrant some level of protection. CDFW tracks communities it believes to be of conservation concern through the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB). Global (G) and State (S) Ranks are assigned to assist in determining the level of rarity and imperilment of a given vegetation type. The Global rank is a reflection of the overall condition (rarity and endangerment) of an element throughout its range. The State rank is a reflection of the condition (rarity and endangerment) of an element within the state. An element ranking of G3 or S3 means there are 10,000 – 50,000 acres throughout the element’s range or state, respectively. An element ranking of S2 means there are 2,000 – 10,000 acres throughout the element’s state. The threat designations behind the State rankings are as follows: • very threatened • threatened • no current threats known The CNDDB identified six sensitive vegetation communities occurring within the nine United States Geological Society (USGS) quadrangle search area including Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest, Southern Cottonwood Willow Riparian Forest, Southern Interior Basalt Flow Vernal Pool, Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland, Southern Willow Scrub, and Valley Needlegrass Grassland. It was determined during the various biological surveys for the project that Southern Willow Scrub occurs on the project site, as well as four other sensitive natural communities that have not been previously recorded in the region. The following CDFW- sensitive natural communities were recorded within the project area: • Riparian Woodland (= Southern Cottonwood Riparian Forest) – G3 S3.2 • Southern Willow Scrub – G3 S2.1 • Native Grassland – G3 S3.1 • Diegan Coastal Sage Scrub - G3 S3.1 • Southern Mixed Chaparral – G3 S3.3 Altair Specific Plan 3.3-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources The Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority (RCA) is a governmental agency formed through a Joint Powers Agreement among public agencies that today includes Riverside County, the cities of Western Riverside County (including the City of Temecula), and other public agencies. The RCA oversees, administers, and enforces the MSHCP. However, the RCA may not limit County or City local land use authority or prevent a permittee from approving a discretionary project. The City of Temecula is a permittee under the MSHCP. As part of its management responsibilities over the MSHCP, the RCA tracks habitats within nine zones established within the MSHCP area. These areas are called “Rough Steps” because they are meant to help the RCA, USFWS, and CDFW evaluate whether conservation of specific habitats is occurring in conjunction with development approvals. With the exception of Southern Mixed Chaparral, all of the sensitive natural communities on the project site are tracked in Rough Step Unit 5. Southern Mixed Chaparral does not have a Rough Step requirement and impacts are covered under the MSHCP implementation structure. The other four vegetation communities are considered sensitive natural communities due to their significance under the MSHCP. Impacts to these communities are analyzed in Section 3.3.3, Impact Assessment. Special-Status Species Special-status species are defined as those plants and wildlife that, because of their recognized rarity or vulnerability to various causes of habitat loss or population decline, are recognized by federal, state, or other agencies as under threat from human-associated developments. Some of these species receive specific protection in accordance with federal or state endangered species legislation. Others have been designated as special-status on the basis of adopted policies and expertise of state resource agencies or policies adopted by local governmental agencies such as counties, cities, and special districts to meet local conservation objectives. Special-status species include: • Species listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered, or are candidates for possible future listing as threatened or endangered, under the FESA or the CESA; • Species that meet the definitions of rare or endangered under CEQA Guidelines Section 15380; • All of the plants constituting California Rare Plant Rank (CRPR) 1B and Rank 2 meet the definitions of Sec. 1901, Chapter 10 (NPPA) or Sections 2062 and 2067 (CESA of the CDFG, and are eligible for state listing; • Species covered under an adopted NCCP Act/HCP, such as the MSHCP; • Wildlife designated by CDFW as species of special concern; • Wildlife "fully protected" in California (CFGC Sections 3511, 4700, and 5050); and • Avian species protected by the MBTA and CFGC (Sections 3500 – 3516). A total of 133 special-status species have been recorded in the vicinity (i.e., 9 USGS quadrangle search) of the project area (CNDDB, 2015; USFWS, 2015; CNPS, 2015). Tables 3.3-2 and 3.3-3 provide a list of these special-status plant and wildlife species that have a moderate to high potential to occur within the vicinity of the project site. Special-status species that have a low or Altair Specific Plan 3.3-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources no potential to occur within the vicinity of the project site are not listed, but are included in the complete list of special-status species in Appendix C1 of this EIR. Special-Status Plants A total of 80 special-status plant species were recorded in the vicinity of the project area. The potential of these species to occur was based on elevations, known distributions, the type and quality of soils, and vegetation communities present within the project area. The project area does not occur within a Narrow Endemic Plant Species Survey Area (NEPSSA) or a Criteria Area Plant Species Survey Area (CASSA) per Sections 6.1.3 and 6.3.2 of the MSHCP; therefore, no focused plant surveys were required. The potential for each to occur on the project area are based on the following definitions: Low Potential: The project site and/or immediate vicinity provides low quality habitat for a particular species, such as improper soils, disturbed or otherwise degraded habitat, improper assemblage of desired vegetation, and/or the site is outside of the known elevation range of the species. Moderate Potential: The project site and/or immediate vicinity provides suitable habitat for a particular species. For example, proper soils may be present, but the desired vegetation assemblage or density is less than ideal; or soils and vegetation are suitable, but the site is outside of the known elevation range of the species. High Potential: The project site and/or immediate vicinity provide high quality or ideal habitat (i.e., soils, vegetation assemblage, and topography) for a particular species and/or there are known occurrences in the general vicinity of the project area. Present: The species or vegetation community/habitat was observed within the project site and/or immediate vicinity during surveys or the species has been previously reported within the project area. Presence/absence of species associated with Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool habitats under Section 6.1.2 of the MSHCP require further assessment in the field, outside of the surveys stipulated in Sections 6.1.3 - NEPSSA and 6.3.2 - CASSA; therefore, surveys were conducted within the Riparian/Riverine areas. These species are discussed below under the heading Habitat Conservation Planning – MSHCP. During the various biological surveys, two special-status plant species were observed— San Diego ambrosia (Ambrosia pumila) and paniculate tarplant (Deinandra paniculata). These plant species are discussed in more detail below. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources San Diego ambrosia. San Diego ambrosia (Ambrosia pumila) is listed as federally Endangered by the USFWS and is considered rare, seriously threatened, or endangered by CNPS (CRPR List 1B.1); and a Narrow Endemic Plant Species under the MSHCP (Section 6.1.3 - NEPSSA). The project lies outside of the NEPSSA for this species. San Diego ambrosia is found in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and foothill grasslands in alkali sandy loam or clay soils. Suitable onsite habitat for this plant species is limited because of the lack of alkali sandy loam or clay soils across the site. Approximately 300 San Diego ambrosia individuals were mapped (an area less than 5,000 .square feet) in the central portion of the site, near the eastern project boundary in a small inclusion of sandy river terrace soils. Paniculate tarplant. Paniculate tarplant (Deinandra paniculata) is listed as a plant of limited distribution (watch list) in California by the CNPS (CRPR List 4.2). This species occurs in coastal scrub, valley and foothill grasslands, and vernal pools. Suitable onsite habitat includes Diegan coastal sage scrub located throughout the central and southern regions of the site and grasslands located on the eastern perimeter of the project boundary. Paniculate tarplant was observed while performing onsite surveys in the northern portion of the site in areas graded for previous development. TABLE 3.3-2 SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIAL OCCURANCE WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT AREA Species Listing Status MSHCP/USFWS/CDFW/ CNPS General Habitat Potential for Species Occurrence within the Project Area Plants Ambrosia pumila San Diego ambrosia NE/FE/--/1B.1 Perennial rhizomatous herb found in chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland in alkali sandy loam or clay soils. Persist where disturbance has been superficial, sometimes near margins. Occurs from 20 – 415 m and blooms from April – October. Present. Species found onsite during the various biological surveys. Astragalus pachypus var. laegeri Jaeger’s bush milk-vetch AC/--/--/1B.1 Associated with coastal scrub, chaparral, valley and foothill grasslands and cismontane woodlands. Found at elevations from 365 - 915 m. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during focused surveys. Calochortus plummerae Plummer’s mariposa lily AC/--/--/4.2 Found in coastal scrub, chaparral, valley and foothill grasslands, cismontane woodlands and lower montane coniferous forests; occurs on rocky or sandy sites, usually of alluvial or granitic material; common after fire. At elevations of 100 – 1700 m. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Calochortus weedii var. intermedius intermediate mariposa lily AC/--/--/1B.2 Perennial bulbiferous herb found in coastal scrub, chaparral, valley and foothill grassland on dry, rocky open slopes and rock outcrops at elevations of 120 - 850 m. Blooms from May - July. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-2 SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIAL OCCURANCE WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT AREA Species Listing Status MSHCP/USFWS/CDFW/ CNPS General Habitat Potential for Species Occurrence within the Project Area Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi Parry’s spineflower AC/--/--/1B.1 Annual herb found in coastal scrub and chaparral, sometimes on the interface of two vegetation types. Associated with dry, sandy soils, dry slopes and flats from 275 – 1220 m. Blooms from April – June. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Chorizanthe polygonoides var. longispina long-spined spineflower AC/--/--/1B.2 Annual herb found in chaparral, coastal scrub, meadows, valley and foothill grassland in gabbroic clay soils from 30 – 1530 m. Blooms from April – July. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Clarkia delicata delicate clarkia --/--/--/1B.2 Within cismontane and chaparral habitats on gabbro soils 235 – 1000 m. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Deinandra paniculata paniculate tarplant --/--/--/4.2 Annual herb found in coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland, and vernal pools from 25 – 940 m. Blooms from April – November. Present. Species found onsite during various biological surveys. Dichondra occidentalis western dichondra --/--/--/4.2 Perennial rhizomatous herb in chaparral, cismontane woodlands, coastal scrub, and valley and foothill grasslands. Occurring at 20 – 500 m. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Harpagonella palmeri Palmer’s grapplinghook AC/--/--/4.2 Annual herb found in chaparral, coastal scrub, and valley and foothill grassland from 20 – 955 m. Blooms from March - May. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula mesa horkelia --/--/--/1B.1 Perennial herb found in chaparral, cismontane woodland and coastal scrub habitats; found in gravelly or sandy sites from 70 – 810 m. Blooms from February - September. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Horkelia truncata Ramona horkelia --/--/--/1B.3 Found in chaparral and cismontane woodland. Habitats in California include mixed chaparral, vernal streams, and disturbed areas near roads. Clay soils at elevations of 400 - 1300 m. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii Robinson’s pepper-grass AC/--/--/4.3 Annual herb found in scrublands- chaparral and coastal scrub; dry, sandy soils from 1 – 885 m. Blooms from January – July. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Piperia cooperi chaparral rein orchid --/--/--/4.2 Perennial herb that grows in chaparral, cismontane woodland, and valley and foothill grasslands at 15 – 1585 m. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum white rabbit-tobacco --/--/--/2B.2 Perennial herb found in chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, and riparian woodland from 0 – 2,100 m. Blooms from July – December. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-2 SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIAL OCCURANCE WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT AREA Species Listing Status MSHCP/USFWS/CDFW/ CNPS General Habitat Potential for Species Occurrence within the Project Area Selaginella cinerascens ashy spike-moss --/--/--/4.1 Perennial rhizomatous herb in chaparral and coastal scrub. Found at elevations of 20 – 640 m. Moderate. Suitable habitat present; however, not found during various biological surveys. Western Riverside County MSHCP Plants CA = Criteria Area Plant Species under the MSHCP - additional focused surveys may be required if directed to do so by the Conservation Report Generator and suitable habitat exists onsite NE = Narrow Endemic Plant Species under the MSHCP - additional focused surveys may be required if directed to do so by the Conservation Report Generator and suitable habitat exists onsite AC = Species Adequately Conserved under the MSHCP (subject to the terms and conditions in the MSHCP [Table 2-2]) AS = Additional Surveys required Federal Status (USFWS) State of California (CDFW) FE – Federally listed as endangered SE – State-listed as endangered FT – Federally listed as threatened ST – State-listed as threatened FC – Federal candidate for listing DE - Delisted California Native Plant Society (CNPS) 1B – plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, and elsewhere 2 – plants are rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere 3 – plants about which more information is needed 4 – plants of limited distribution, a watch list .1 – Seriously threatened in California (over 80% of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat) .2 – Moderately threatened in California (20-80% occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat) .3 - Not very threatened in California (<20% of occurrences threatened / low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known) Special-Status Wildlife A total of 52 special-status wildlife species were recorded within a nine-quadrangle query of the CNDDB and USFWS GIS database (USFWS, 2015). The potential of these species to occur within the project area is based on the sites’ vegetation communities and the results of the various biological surveys. The site is within the CASSA for burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia). Protocol surveys for burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) were conducted in spring of 2007 and spring of 2014 by Helix. No burrowing owls were encountered during the focused surveys. Environmental conditions within the project area are considered suitable for 19 of the 52 special- status species recorded in the region, of which six have been documented onsite. Appendix C1 of this EIR provides a listing of these special-status species and the potential for each of the species identified in the CNDDB and USFWS to occur onsite. The categorizations for the potential for a wildlife species to occur onsite are as follows: Low Potential: The project site and/or immediate vicinity provides low quality habitat for a particular species, such as improper disturbed or otherwise degraded habitat, improper assemblage of desired vegetation, and/or the site is outside of the known range of the species. Moderate Potential: The project site and/or immediate vicinity provides suitable habitat for a particular species. For example, proper habitat may be present, but the desired vegetation Altair Specific Plan 3.3-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources assemblage or density is less than ideal; or habitat suitable, but the site is outside of the known range of the species. High Potential: The project site and/or immediate vicinity provide high quality or ideal habitat (i.e., vegetation assemblage and topography) for a particular species and/or there are known occurrences in the general vicinity of the project site. Present: The species was observed within the project site and/or immediate vicinity during surveys or the species has been previously reported within the project area. TABLE 3.3-3 SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL OCCURANCE WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT AREA Species Listing Status MSHCP/USFWS/CDFW General Habitat Potential for Species Occurrence within the Project Area Arthropods Reptiles Aspidoscelis hyperythra orange-throated whiptail AC/--/SC Inhabits low-elevation coastal scrub, chaparral and valley-foothill hardwood habitats, prefers washes and other sandy areas with patches of brush and rocks. High. Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not observed during various biological surveys. Crotalus ruber rubber northern red-diamond rattlesnake AC/--/SC Found in chaparral, woodland, grassland and desert areas. Occurs in rocky, dense vegetation, requires rodent burrows, cracks in rocks or surface cover objects. High. Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not observed during various biological surveys. . Phrynosoma blainvillei coast horned lizard AC/--/SC Found in chaparral, coastal sage scrub grassland, and wash habitats. Sandy, rocky or gravelly soils; friable soils. High. Suitable habitat occurs onsite. Birds Accipiter cooperi Cooper’s hawk AC/--/WL Found in riparian areas, and open woodlands, chiefly of open, interrupted or marginal type. Nests in riparian growths of deciduous trees and live oak woodlands. Present. This species was observed onsite. Aimophila ruficeps canescens southern California rufous- crowned sparrow AC/--/WL Found in coastal sage scrub and sparse, mixed chaparral, frequents relatively steep, often rocky hillsides with grass and forb patches. Moderate. Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not detected during various biological surveys. Artemisiospiza belli belli Bell's sage sparrow AC/--/WL Lives in shrubland and chaparral dominated by chamise or California sagebrush in foothills and coastal ranges. Nests either on the ground or within shrubs about three feet above ground- level. HIgh. Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not detected during various biological surveys. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-3 SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL OCCURANCE WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT AREA Species Listing Status MSHCP/USFWS/CDFW General Habitat Potential for Species Occurrence within the Project Area Buteo swainsoni Swainson's hawk AC/--/ST Breed in desert, shrub steppe, agricultural, and grassland habitats. Nests in a variety of tree species in existing riparian forests, remnant riparian trees, shade trees at residences and alongside roads, planted windbreaks, and solitary upland oaks. Typically do not nest in large continuous patches of woodland other than along edges next to open habitats. Moderate (nesting). Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not detected during various biological surveys. Circus cyaneus northern harrier AC/--/SC Nests on ground in shrubby vegetation, usually at marsh edge, nest built of a large mound of sticks in wet areas. Forages in grassland, from salt grass in desert sink to mountain marshes. Present. This species was observed flying overhead onsite. Not expected to breed onsite. Elanus leucurus white-tailed kite AC/--/FP Nests near wet meadows and open grasslands, dense oak, willow or other tree stands. Present. This species was observed onsite. Eremophila alpestris actia California horned lark AC/--/WL Found in short-grass prairie, “bald” hills, mountain meadows, open coastal plains, fallow grain fields and alkali flats. Present. This species was observed onsite. Icteria virens yellow-breasted chat AC/--/SC Nests in riparian forest, riparian woodland and riparian scrub. High. Suitable habitat occurs onsite near Santa Margarita River; however, this species was not detected during various biological surveys. Lanius ludovicianus loggerhead shrike AC/--/SC Occurs in open habitats utilizing shrubs, trees, pots, fences, and low utility lines for perches, specifically prefers open foothill and valley woodlands with some canopy and foraging perches. Forages in edge habitats, and in particular prefers shrubs adjacent to grasslands. Moderate. Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not detected during various biological surveys. Polioptila californica californica coastal California gnatcatcher AC/FT/SC Coastal sage scrub habitat in arid washes, on mesas or on slopes of coastal hills. Permanent resident of coastal sage scrub below 2500 ft. Present. A single California gnatcatcher was observed during the least Bell's vireo surveys. Setophaga petechia yellow warbler AC/--/SC Nests in riparian vegetation, particularly well-defined forests. Present. Suitable habitat occurs onsite near Santa Margarita River; this species was detected during various biological surveys. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-3 SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIAL OCCURANCE WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT AREA Species Listing Status MSHCP/USFWS/CDFW General Habitat Potential for Species Occurrence within the Project Area Vireo bellii pusillus least Bell’s vireo AS/FE/SE Low riparian vegetation near vicinity of water or dry river bottoms, below 2000ft. Nests are placed along margins of bushes or on twigs projecting into pathways, usually willow, baccharis or mesquite. Moderate. Suitable habitat occurs onsite near Santa Margarita River; however, focused surveys were performed in 2014 and this species was not detected. Mammals Antrozous pallidus pallid bat AC/--/SC Found in deserts, grasslands, woodlands, and forests. Most common in open, dry habitats with rocky areas for roosting. Moderate. Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not observed during various biological surveys. Chaetodipus fallax fallax northwestern San Diego pocket mouse AC-/--/SC Found in coastal scrub, chaparral, grasslands, sagebrush, etc. Moderate. Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not observed during various biological surveys. Puma concolor Mountain lion AS/--/SC Needs large tracks of open space and suitable cover. Present. Radio tracking studies have shown mountain lion use directly adjacent to project. Lepus californicus bennettii San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit AC/--/SC Associated with open grassland and brushland, and coastal sage scrub habitats in southern California Moderate. Suitable habitat occurs onsite; however, this species was not observed during various biological surveys. Legend: Western Riverside County MSHCP Wildlife WS = Wetland Species under the MSHCP – additional surveys may be required as part of wetlands mapping per the MSHCP AS = Additional surveys may be required for these species within locations shown on survey maps as described in Section 6.3.2 of the MSHCP. AC = Adequately Conserved Species under the MSHCP (subject to the terms and conditions in the MSHCP [Table 2-2 footnotes ‘e’ & ‘f’]) Federal Status (USFWS) State of California (CDFW) FE – Federally listed as endangered SE – State-listed as endangered FT – Federally listed as threatened ST – State-listed as threatened FC – Federal candidate for listing FP – Fully protected species DE - Delisted SC – State Species of Special Concern WL – Watch List Species As shown in Table 3.3-3, 13 special-status wildlife species have a moderate potential to occur onsite and six species were observed or detected onsite during the various biological surveys. Wildlife species that were observed onsite are discussed in more detail below. Cooper’s hawk. Cooper's hawk is on the CDFW Watch List and is “Adequately Conserved” under the MSHCP. This species inhabits and nests in riparian forests and live oak woodlands. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Suitable habitat onsite includes a small band of riparian woodland that runs adjacent to the Santa Margarita River and is located along the southern border of the project area and coast live oak woodland scattered throughout the southeast boundary. Cooper’s hawk was detected while performing onsite surveys and is noted as present. Northern harrier. The northern harrier is a CDFW Species of Special Concern and is “Adequately Conserved” under the MSHCP. This species nests in shrubby vegetation near marshes and forages in grasslands. Suitable onsite habitat for the northern harrier is located in the small strip of riparian habitat that runs along the southern border of the project area, as well as the grasslands, located along the eastern boundary. The northern harrier was detected while performing onsite surveys and is noted as present. White-tailed kite. The white-tailed kite is Fully Protected under the CDFW and is listed as “Adequately Conserved” under the MSHCP. This species is commonly found in oak woodlands, grasslands, meadows, and marshes. Suitable habitat onsite includes coast live oak woodlands scattered throughout the southern portion of the site and grasslands located primarily near the eastern border of the project area. The white-tailed kite was detected while performing onsite surveys and is noted as present. California horned lark. The California horned lark is on the CDFW Watch List and is “Adequately Conserved” under the MSHCP. The California horned lark inhabits short-grass prairies, mountain meadows, and open coastal plains. Suitable habitat onsite includes grasslands located primarily on the eastern boundary of the project area. The California horned lark was detected while performing onsite surveys and is noted as present. Coastal California gnatcatcher. The coastal California gnatcatcher is listed as federally Threatened by the USFWS, Species of Special Concern by the CDFW, and “Adequately Conserved” under the MSHCP. The coastal California gnatcatcher inhabits coastal sage scrub in arid washes, mesas, and slopes of coastal hills. Suitable onsite habitat for this species is located within the Diegan coastal sage scrub community that is dominant throughout the central and southern portion of the project area. One individual was detected during one of the focused surveys for the least Bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus). Yellow warbler. The yellow warbler is a CDFW Species of Special Concern and is “Adequately Conserved” under the MSHCP. This species requires a close proximity to water and generally inhabits and nests in riparian habitats, often within willows and cottonwoods. Suitable onsite habitat includes a small band of riparian woodland that runs adjacent to the Santa Margarita River near the southern border of the project area; and the yellow warbler was observed during focused surveys for the least Bell’s vireo. Mountain lion. In California, the mountain lion is legally classified as a California Specially Protected Species and is Adequately Conserved under the MSHCP. They need large tracks of open space and suitable cover and are known to occur within the Santa Rosa Plateau and surrounding ecological areas. University of California (UC) Davis Wildlife Health Center Southern California Mountain Lion Project (MLP), run by Dr. Winston Vickers, actively monitors mountain lion movement in the immediate vicinity using radio collars. Recent mountain Altair Specific Plan 3.3-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources lion location data has been examined and findings incorporated into this analysis. Mountain lions have been recorded directly adjacent to the south and east project boundaries within Murrieta Creek and the Santa Margarita River. The nearest recorded citing to the east of the project was near the eastern border of the South Parcel (Figure 10a, Appendix C). Data points collected by MLP have documented mountain lion to utilize the escarpment, plateau and Santa Margarita River for travel and live-in habitat; one instance documented travel in the southern portion of Murrieta Creek. Jurisdictional Resources (Wetlands and Waters) As shown on Figure 9 of Appendix C, the project site contains a network of ephemeral drainages supporting upland (non-riparian) vegetation that traverse the site from west to east; all of which are tributary to Murrieta Creek. Riparian habitat occurs in scattered stands along a handful of drainages in the southern half of the area, as well as in one area adjacent to the Santa Margarita River. The functions of the upland-vegetated ephemeral drainages (riverine habitat) are primarily water conveyance, sediment transport, and energy dissipation (hydrologic regime and flood attenuation). The vegetated drainages (riparian habitat) also provide the same functions as the unvegetated drainages, along with toxicant trapping and filtering, and live-in habitat for various animal species. A formal jurisdictional delineation was conducted by Helix on April 12, 2013. Table 3.3-4 summarizes the results of the delineation report, which is included in Appendix M of this Draft EIR. TABLE 3.3-4 WETLANDS AND WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES (USACE)/STATE OF CALIFORNIA (RWQCB) Jurisdictional Area Acres Length (feet) Wetland Waters Riparian Woodland 0.49 442 Non-Wetland Waters Non-Wetland 0.70 16,349 TOTAL 1.19 16,791 SOURCE: Helix, 2015a Federal Jurisdiction Waters of the U.S. under USACE jurisdiction within the project area total 1.19 acres, including 0.70 acre of non-wetland Waters of the U.S. (ephemeral drainages) and 0.49 acre of Wetland Waters of the U.S., which consist of riparian woodlands including southern willow scrub and coast live oak habitat (Appendix M). Altair Specific Plan 3.3-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources State and County Jurisdiction Waters of the State under the RWQCB jurisdiction within the project area are the same as the USACE, and total 1.17 acres, including 0.70 acre of non-wetland Waters of the State (ephemeral drainages) and 0.49 acre of Wetland Waters of the State (riparian woodland) (Appendix M), as depicted in Table 3.3-4 above. Areas under CDFW jurisdiction within the project area total 2.56 acres, including 0.49 acre of riparian woodland, 0.38 acre of southern willow scrub, 0.08 acre of herbaceous wetland, 0.64 acre of coast live oak woodland, and 0.97 acre of streambed. All of the CDFW areas are considered Riparian/Riverine under the MSHCP, as depicted in Table 3.3-5 below. TABLE 3.3-5 CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE JURISDICTIONAL STREAMBED AND MSHCP RIPARIAN/RIVERINE RESOURCES Jurisdictional Area Acres Length (feet) Riparian Woodland 0.49 442 Southern willow scrub 0.38 369 Herbaceous wetland 0.08 136 Coast live oak woodland 0.64 291 Streambed 0.97 15,553 TOTAL 2.56 16,791 SOURCE: Helix, 2015a Wildlife Movement Corridors The main features described in the conservation language of the MSHCP Criteria Cells/Cell Groups affected by the project are wildlife movement corridors that include Proposed Linkage 10 (upland and Santa Margarita River), and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 (Murrieta Creek). Proposed Constrained Linkage 14 consists of portions of Temecula and Pechanga Creek to the east of the project site and terminates at Interstate 15, approximately 1,800 feet southeast of the southern boundary of the South Parcel; thus, this linkage would not be affected by the project. Proposed Constrained Linkage 9, Proposed Constrained Linkage 10, Proposed Constrained Linkage 11, and Proposed Constrained Linkage 12 also provide additional linkages west of the project site from the Santa Rosa Plateau to San Diego County to the south, which eventually connects with the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, and potentially to the Palomar Mountains to the east. Combined, these linkages provide valuable redundancy of connections between the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve and Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve. The vegetation communities targeted for conservation in the Criteria Cell language provide the guidelines for the proposed linkages. The conceptual location of proposed linkages in the MSHCP and in the vicinity of the project is shown in Figure 3.3-1. The following is a description of each proposed linkage affected by the project. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 16 18 14 17 9 10 15 11 14 17 13 11 24 18 14 9 12 10 13 8 E A MA F A G J B 7 2 7 65 3 JPR Log No. 14-05-27-01 !^ Proposed Linkages Constrained Linkage Linkage !!!!!!Existing Channel Existing Cores & Linkages Constrained Linkage Core Linkage Proposed Cores & Habitat Blocks Core Proposed Extension of Existing Cores Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.3-1 MSHCP Proposed Linkages and Core Areas SOURCE: Dudek 0 4 Miles 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Proposed Linkage1 10 As described in Section 3.2.3 of the MSHCP, Proposed Linkage 10 consists of an upland connection in the southwest region of the Plan Area extending from Existing Core F (Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve) in the north to Existing Core G (Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve) in the south. Private lands compose the entirety of the linkage, which consists of upland habitat complementary to the riparian linkage provided between these two Cores by Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 (Murrieta Creek). This linkage, which is only somewhat constrained by existing urban development, provides for movement between these two Cores for species such as bobcat and mountain lion. Although the linkage is somewhat lengthy at 5.5 miles, it is also nearly a mile wide and thus provides live-in habitat for many species. Surrounding planned land uses are somewhat evenly divided between Rural Mountainous and City (Murrieta and Temecula). In areas of the linkage bordering cities, treatment of edge conditions will be necessary to maintain the proper habitat and movement functions of the linkage. Guidelines pertaining to Urban/Wildlands Interface for the management of edge factors such as lighting, urban runoff, toxics, and domestic predators are presented in Section 6.1.4 of the MSHCP. These Guidelines are further discussed below under the heading Habitat Conservation Planning – MSHCP. Based on a review of current aerial photographs (Google Earth Pro [date: 1/8/2013]) as well as 2002 aerial photographs (Google Earth [date: 5/21/2002]), the existing conditions of Proposed Linkage 10 have only changed slightly since adoption of the MSHCP. Rural, residential development currently exists to the west of the project that was not included in the original description of Proposed Linkage 10 in the MSHCP although the 2002 aerial photograph shows a very similar rural residential and agricultural matrix to what is present today. The original description of the linkage being nearly a mile wide is still applicable if one includes the rural residential areas (which includes the escarpment and top of escarpment) that wildlife still use as a movement corridor. Proposed Linkage 10 wraps around the South Parcel and connects with Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 which encompasses the Murrieta Creek corridor. Proposed Constrained2 Linkage 13 Per Section 3.2.3 of the MSHCP, Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 consists of Murrieta Creek, located in the southwestern region of the Plan Area. Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 connects Existing Core F (Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve) in the north to Proposed Linkage 10. This linkage is constrained along most of its length by existing urban development and agricultural use, as well as the planned land use surrounding the linkage. This linkage ranges in width from 1,800 to 2,500 feet. The majority of the project lies outside of this linkage except for the South Parcel which proposes development near Murrieta Creek. Guidelines pertaining to Urban/Wildlands Interface for the management of edge factors such as lighting, urban runoff, toxics, and domestic predators, in Section 6.1.4 of the MSHCP, and discussed under Habitat 1 Linkage means a connection between Core Areas with adequate size, configuration and vegetation characteristics to generally provide for “live-in” habitat and/or provide for genetic flow for identified Planning Species. Areas identified as Linkages in the MSHCP may provide movement habitat but not live-in habitat for some species, thereby functioning more as movement corridors. It is expected that every Linkage will provide Live-In Habitat for at least one species. 2 Constrained Linkage means a constricted connection expected to provide for movement of identified Planning Species between Core Areas, where options for assembly of the connection are limited due to existing patterns of use. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-22 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Conservation Planning – MSHCP, below, are directly applicable to Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. Maintaining high quality riparian habitat within the linkage and along the edges for species such as yellow warbler, yellow-breasted chat, and least Bell’s vireo, which have key populations located in or along the creek is a high priority. Maintenance of existing floodplain processes and water quality along the creek is also important to the western pond turtle and the arroyo chub in this area. Western Bypass The project proposes to construct the Western Bypass, a proposed four-lane thoroughfare along the western boundary of the project that would allow through-traffic to bypass Old Town Temecula and help relieve traffic congestion. The Western Bypass was initially identified in the City’s 1991 General Plan and is currently reflected in the Circulation Element of the City’s 2005 General Plan. The approved alignment starts at the future approved bridge that will cross Murrieta Creek at Temecula Parkway, and runs west then north, parallel to and west of the project boundary, continuing north of the project site along the undeveloped escarpment. The Western Bypass is a Covered Activity3 under the MSHCP, and its approved alignment was determined to be consistent with the goals for Proposed Linkage 10. As part of the project, the current approved route of the Western Bypass would be realigned to move the roadway further east and to reroute the northern portion through the project site, connecting with Vincent Moraga Road and ultimately to Rancho California Road on the north. This re-alignment reduces the roadway length from approximately 2.7 miles to 1.3 miles. This EIR analyzes the impacts of the Western Bypass on the environment, and compares the impact of the currently approved alignment with the project’s proposed alignment. The future bridge over Murrieta Creek would be constructed by the developer of Altair along with the construction of the Western Bypass as proposed, to complete the connection of the Western Bypass with Temecula Parkway. However, the environmental analysis in this EIR does not include impacts associated with the future bridge over Murrieta Creek as these impacts were previously analyzed in an approved Final Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration (City of Temecula, 2009; SCH No. 2009061038). A General Plan Amendment for the proposed roadway re-alignment is being requested by the project applicant. Habitat Conservation Planning – MSHCP The following section summarizes the existing conditions of the project as they relate to the MSHCP, specifically the implementation structure described in Sections 3.0 and 6.0 of the MSHCP. A detailed discussion of each section is also included in Appendix C of this EIR. 3 Covered Activities means certain activities carried out or conducted by Permittees, Participating Special Entities, Third Parties Granted Take Authorization and others within the Plan Area, and described in Section 7.0 of the MSHCP, that will receive Take Authorization under the Section 10(a) Permit and the NCCP Permit, provided these activities are otherwise lawful. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources MSHCP Subunits and Criteria Cells – MSHCP Section 3.0 The project is within the Southwest Area Plan; Subunit 1 – Murrieta Creek and Subunit 6 – Santa Rosa Plateau. Figure 3.3-2 shows the MSHCP Subunits in relation to the project. The following are conservation goals within these Subunits that relate to the project. Subunit 1: Murrieta Creek • Maintain habitat connectivity within Murrieta Creek from the confluence of Temecula Creek to Cole Creek for wildlife movement and Conservation of wetland species. • Maintain linkage area for bobcat. • Maintain habitat connectivity within Murrieta Creek from the confluence of Temecula • Maintain the area of Murrieta Creek at the confluence of Pechanga Creek, Temecula Creek, and Santa Margarita River for mountain lion Linkage. Subunit 6: Santa Rosa Plateau • Conserve large blocks of woodland and forest habitat. • Maintain Core and Linkage Habitat for bobcat. • Maintain Core and Linkage Habitat for mountain lion. Figure 3.3-3 shows the location of Criteria Cells in relation to the project. A portion of the project site lies in Cell Group K’ (Cell Numbers 7077 and 7161). The remainder of the project site lies in Independent Cells (Cell Numbers 7078, 7164, 7166, 7258, 7264, 7355, and 7356). Table 3.3-6 (shown later in this section) provides a summary of the MSHCP’s Cell conservation criteria and the project’s land area within each Cell. The MSHCP proposes to conserve upland habitats in Cell Group K’ and Cells 7164, 7166, 7258, 7264, 7355, and 7356 in order to contribute to the assembly of Proposed Linkage 10, as well as riparian habitats in Cells 7078, 7166, and 7264 to contribute to the assembly of Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 (Murrieta Creek). The MSHCP proposes that upland habitat within Cell Group K’ and each of the Cells listed above remain connected as part of Proposed Linkage 10. Additionally Cell Group K’ is proposed to be connected to upland habitat in Cell Group J’ to the west. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-24 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 S a n t a M a r g a r i t a R i v e r Via Santa Rosa C a m i n o E s t r i b o Temecula Parkway R R a n c h o C a l i f o r n i a R o a d W i n c h e s t e r R o a d W a s hin gto n A v e n u e R a n c h o C alifornia R o a d SU5 - French Valley/ Lower Sed co Hills SU1 - Murrieta Creek Not a Part Not a Part Not a Part Not a Part Not a Part Not a Part SU1 - Murrieta Cre ekSU6 - Santa Rosa Pla teau SU6 - Santa Rosa Pla teau SU6 - Santa Ros a Plateau SU6 - Santa Rosa Plateau 15 79 Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.3-2 MSHCP Subunits SOURCE: Helix Environmental Planning Boundary MSHCP Subunits Approved I-15/SR-79 Interchange Approved Western Bypass Bridge Crossing 0 4000 Feet Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.3-3 MSHCP Criteria Cells and Cell Group SOURCE: Dudek 0 2000 Feet Cell with Unique ID Cell Group with Identifier Proposed Development Proposed MSHCP Conservation American Indian Lands (Not a Part) Public/Quasi-Public Conserved Lands Preexisting Conservation Agreements San Jacinto Wildlife Area Additional Acquisition 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-6 MSHCP CONSERVATION CRITERIA Cell Group Cell Number USGS Section Acre(s) On Site Cell/Cell Group Conservation Criteria Project Location In Cell/Cell Group K’ 7077 11 (NW) 8.1 Conservation within this Cell Group will contribute to assembly of Proposed Linkage 10. Conservation within this Cell Group will focus on chaparral and grassland habitat. Areas conserved within this Cell Group will be connected to chaparral habitat proposed for conservation in Cell Group J' to the west and in Cell #7164 to the east. Conservation within this Cell Group will range from 35-45 percent of the Cell Group focusing in the northern portion of the Cell Group. The property lies along the eastern edge of the Cell Group and encompasses approximately 1.7 percent of the Cell Group (8.1 acres). No conservation is proposed. 7161 11 (SW) 7254† 14 (NW) 7078 11 (NE) 3.9 Conservation within this Cell will contribute to assembly of Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. Conservation within this Cell will focus on riparian scrub, woodland, and forest habitat along Murrieta Creek. Areas conserved within this Cell will be connected to riparian scrub, woodland, and forest habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7021 to the north and in Cell #7079 to the east. Conservation within this Cell will range from 15-25 percent of the Cell focusing in the northeastern portion of the Cell. The property lies in the southwest portion of the Cell and encompasses approximately 2.5 percent of the Cell (3.9 acres). 7164 11 (SE) 92.3 Conservation within this Cell will contribute to assembly of Proposed Linkage 10. Conservation within this Cell will focus on chaparral and grassland habitat. Areas conserved within this Cell will be connected to chaparral habitat proposed for conservation in Cell Group K' to the west, in Cell #7258 to the south, and in Cell #7166 to the east. Conservation within this Cell will range from 70-80 percent of the Cell focusing in the southwestern portion of the Cell. The property encompasses 57.8 percent of Cell 7164 (92.3 acres). 7166 12 (SW) 27.6 Conservation within this Cell will contribute to assembly of Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 and Proposed Linkage 10.Conservation within this Cell will focus on riparian scrub, woodland, forest, and grassland habitat along Murrieta Creek and on additional chaparral habitat within the Cell. Areas conserved within this Cell will be connected to riparian scrub, woodland and forest habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7079 to the north, to chaparral, grassland, riparian scrub, woodland and forest habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7264 to the south and to chaparral habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7164 to the west. Conservation within this Cell will range from 35-45 percent of the Cell focusing in the southwestern portion of the Cell. The property encompasses 17.2 percent of Cell 7166 (27.6 acres in the southwest corner). 7258 14 (NE) 5.3 Conservation within this Cell will contribute to assembly of Proposed Linkage 10. Conservation within this Cell will focus on chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitat. Areas conserved within this Cell will be connected to chaparral habitat proposed for The property lies in the northeast portion of Cell 7258 and encompasses 3.3 percent of the Cell (5.3 acres). Altair Specific Plan 3.3-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-6 MSHCP CONSERVATION CRITERIA Cell Group Cell Number USGS Section Acre(s) On Site Cell/Cell Group Conservation Criteria Project Location In Cell/Cell Group conservation in Cell #7164 to the north and to chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7264 to the east. Conservation within this Cell will range from 30-40 percent of the Cell focusing in the northeastern portion of the Cell. 7264 13 (NW) 68.3 Conservation within this Cell will contribute to assembly of Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 and Proposed Linkage 10. Conservation within this Cell will focus on riparian scrub, woodland, forest, grassland, and coastal sage scrub habitat along Murrieta Creek and on additional chaparral, grassland and coastal sage scrub habitat within the Cell. Areas conserved within this Cell will be connected to grassland, riparian scrub, woodland, forest, and chaparral habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7166 to the north and to chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7258 to the west and Cell #7355 to the south. Conservation within this Cell will range from 70-80 percent of the Cell focusing in the western portion and eastern edge of the Cell. The property encompasses 42.7 percent of the Cell (68.3 acres). 7355 13 (SW) 34.3 Conservation within this Cell will contribute to assembly of Proposed Linkage 10. Conservation within this Cell will focus on chaparral, woodland, forest, and coastal sage scrub habitat. Areas conserved within this Cell will be connected to chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7264 to the north and Cell #7356 to the east. Conservation within this Cell will range from 40-50 percent of the Cell focusing in the northeastern portion of the Cell. The property encompasses 21.5 percent of the northeast portion of the Cell (34.3 acres). 7356 13 (SE) 31.0 Conservation within this Cell will contribute to assembly of Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. Conservation within this Cell will focus on chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitat and on riparian scrub, woodland, and forest habitat along Temecula Creek. Areas conserved within this Cell will be connected to chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7355 to the west and to riparian scrub, woodland, and forest habitat proposed for conservation in Cell #7357 to the east. Conservation within this Cell will range from 50-60 percent of the Cell focusing in the western and southeastern portions of the Cell. The property lies in the western and southwestern portions of Cell 7356 and encompasses 19.4 percent of the Cell (31.0 acres). †Not a part of the project Altair Specific Plan 3.3-28 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool Resources – MSHCP Section 6.1.2 Section 6.1.2 of the MSHCP focuses on protection of Riparian/Riverine areas and Vernal Pool habitats capable of supporting MSHCP Covered Species. Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool Habitats As shown in Table 3.3-1, there are 2.56 acres of Riparian/Riverine habitat within the project area, which includes 0.97 acre of unvegetated streambed. Riparian habitat occurs in scattered stands along a handful of drainages in the southern half of the project site, as well as in one area adjacent to the Santa Margarita River. The property does not support vernal pools but does have a few small basins and road ruts that ponded water immediately following rain events (Appendix C). As noted, these human-made features do not qualify as Riparian/Riverine or Vernal Pools under the MSHCP, and do not possess habitat indicators that would support vernal pools. Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool Plants Section 6.1.2 of the MSHCP provides a list of plant species that have potential to occur in Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool habitats, and require further analysis outside of surveys and analyses required by Sections 6.1.3 and 6.3.2. The MSHCP lists 23 sensitive plant species that have potential to occur in Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool habitats as defined in Section 6.1.2 of the MSHCP, which includes the following species: • California black walnut (Juglans californica var. californica) • Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii) • Coulter’s matilija poppy (Romneya coulteri) • San Miguel savory (Clinopodium chandleri) • Spreading navarretia (Navarretia fossalis) • Graceful tarplant (Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata) • California Orcutt grass (Orcuttia californica) • Prostrate navarretia (Navarretia prostrata) • San Diego button-celery (Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii) • Orcutt’s brodiaea (Brodiaea orcuttii) • Thread-leaved brodiaea (Brodiaea filifolia) • Fish’s milkwort (Polygala cornuta var. fishiae) • Lemon lily (Lilium parryi) • San Jacinto Valley crownscale (Atriplex coronata var. notatior) • Oscillated Humboldt lily (Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum) • Mojave tarplant (Deinandra mohavensis) • Vernal barley (Hordeum intercedens) • Parish’s meadowfoam (Limnanthes gracilis var. parishii) Altair Specific Plan 3.3-29 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources • Slender-horned spineflower (Dodecahema leptoceras) • Santa Ana River woolly-star (Eriastrum densifolium spp. sanctorum) • Brand’s phacelia (Phacelia stellaris) • Mud nama (Nama stenocarpum) • Smooth tarplant (Centromadia pungens) Lemon lily, San Jacinto Valley crownscale, Mojave tarplant, Parish’s meadowfoam, Santa Ana River woolly-star, and Brand’s phacelia have known distributions well above the elevations of the project, occur well north or east of the project, and were not observed during the various biological surveys conducted by Helix. These species are not discussed further in this EIR. The remaining species have a distribution that encompasses the project site or that occur in vegetation communities/habitats found on or near the project. The non-herbaceous species (e.g., trees and shrubs) are identifiable regardless of the time of year; however, they were not observed during the various biological surveys and are therefore not discussed further in this EIR. These include Engelmann oak, California black walnut, San Miguel savory, Coulter’s matilija poppy, and Fish’s milkwort. Spreading navarretia, California Orcutt grass, prostrate navarretia, San Diego button-celery, thread-leaved brodiaea, Orcutt’s brodiaea, vernal barley, and smooth tarplant are associated with vernal pools, mesic clay substrate, saline flats and depressions, mesic grasslands, playas, or similar habitats. However, none of these species were found during the Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool habitat assessments or other surveys onsite conducted by Helix. They are not expected to occur because no vernal pools were found onsite. The four remaining species (graceful tarplant, oscillated Humboldt lily, slender-horned spine flower, and mud nama) are herbaceous species that would have been in flower and readily identifiable during the surveys; however, they were not observed during the various biological surveys. These species are each discussed in greater detail below and include specific habitat information that greatly decreases their probability of occurrence onsite. Graceful tarplant has a fairly scattered distribution, with known occurrences concentrated within the Santa Ana Mountains and Foothills, primarily within U.S. Forest Service lands (Helix 2015a). Within western Riverside County, graceful tarplant is restricted to coastal scrub, chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower montane coniferous forest, and valley and foothill grasslands at elevations below 600 meters (1,969 feet). The species has a low potential to occur onsite as it was not observed during the various biological surveys conducted when the species would have been in flower and readily identifiable. Oscillated Humboldt lily occurs in openings in oak canyons, chaparral, and yellow pine forest. Within western Riverside County, this species is restricted to canyons along the east slope of the Santa Ana Mountains and the north slope of the Palomar Mountains. The project site does not support suitable canyon habitat for the species and is located outside of the known range of the species. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-30 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Slender-horned spineflower occurs in chaparral and coastal sage scrub on alluvial fans; however, this habitat subset is absent from the project site. Three populations of mud nama are known from Riverside County, with two occurring along the San Jacinto River. Mud nama is restricted to muddy embankments of marshes and swamps and within lake margins and riverbanks; however, this habitat does not exist within the project site and this species was not observed during various biological surveys. Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool Wildlife Section 6.1.2 of the MSHCP lists 11 special-status wildlife species that have potential to occur in Riparian/Riverine and Vernal Pool habitats in the region, which includes the following species: • Riverside fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus woottoni) • Vernal pool fairy shrimp (Branchinecta lynchi) • Santa Ana sucker (Catostomus santaanae) • Arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) • Mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) • California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) • Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) • Least Bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) • Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum) • Southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) • Western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) The property does not support vernal pools but does have a few small basins and road ruts that were documented holding ponded water immediately following a rain event in March 2007. As noted, these human-made features do not qualify as Riparian/Riverine or Vernal Pools under Section 6.1.2 of the MSHCP. The NRCS soil data reports these soils as "well drained", highly permeable soil and are not suitable for vernal pool development. Nonetheless, the applicant conducted wet-season and dry-season surveys for Riverside fairy shrimp and vernal pool fairy shrimp in 2014-2015 (Helix 2015f and 2015g). These surveys were negative. The Santa Ana sucker is restricted to perennial streams in the Santa Ana River watershed. Perennial streams do not occur within the project area and the USFWS species profile shows that the Santa Ana sucker is not known to occur south of Lake Mathews (Helix, 2015a). No suitable habitat for the three amphibian species (arroyo toad, mountain yellow-legged frog, or California red-legged frog) occurs within the project area. Therefore, such species do not have a potential to occur. No appropriate habitat for southwestern willow flycatcher or yellow-billed cuckoo occurs within the project area. A small amount of riparian woodland suitable for least Bell’s vireo occurs at the Altair Specific Plan 3.3-31 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources southern tip of the project area; however, this habitat would not be impacted by the project. Several small patches of riparian habitat considered to be marginally suitable occur within the Western Bypass footprint; however, none of the aforementioned species were encountered. Both the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) occur primarily in and adjacent to open water habitats, with the falcon possibly occurring in ephemeral/perennial riparian areas. No suitable habitat occurs within the project area for the bald eagle. The peregrine falcon has potential to occur offsite in the riparian habitat along the Santa Margarita River, south and west of the project, although this species was not observed during any of the project surveys. Narrow Endemic Plants (NEPSSA) – MSHCP Section 6.1.3 The project site does not have NEPSSA requirements for plant species. Therefore, no focused NEPSSA surveys are required. Urban/Wildland Interface – MSHCP Section 6.1.4 As described in Section 6.8, Appendix C, the project occurs adjacent to the MSHCP Conservation Area, and proposes to contribute to additional conserved lands. As such, the project is required to adhere to the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines described in Section 6.1.4 of the MSHCP to reduce/prevent potential impacts to the lands proposed to contribute to the MSHCP Conservation Area by the development. The interface guidelines are described below: Drainage Proposed Developments in proximity to the MSHCP Conservation Area shall incorporate measures, including measures required through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements, to ensure that the quantity and quality of runoff discharged to the MSHCP Conservation Area is not altered in an adverse way when compared with existing conditions. In particular, measures shall be put in place to avoid discharge of untreated surface runoff from developed and paved areas into the MSHCP Conservation Area. Stormwater systems shall be designed to prevent the release of toxins, chemicals, petroleum products, exotic plant materials or other elements that might degrade or harm biological resources or ecosystem processes within the MSHCP Conservation Area. This can be accomplished using a variety of methods including natural detention basins, grass swales or mechanical trapping devices. Regular maintenance shall occur to ensure effective operations of runoff control systems. Toxics Land uses proposed in proximity to the MSHCP Conservation Area that use chemicals or generate bioproducts such as manure that are potentially toxic or may adversely affect wildlife species, Habitat or water quality shall incorporate measures to ensure that application of such chemicals does not result in discharge to the MSHCP Conservation Area. Measures such as those employed to address drainage issues shall be implemented. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-32 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Lighting Night lighting shall be directed away from the MSHCP Conservation Area to protect species within the MSHCP Conservation Area from direct night lighting. Shielding shall be incorporated in project designs to ensure ambient lighting in the MSHCP Conservation Area is not increased. Noise Proposed noise generating land uses affecting the MSHCP Conservation Area shall incorporate setbacks, berms or walls to minimize the effects of noise on MSHCP Conservation Area resources pursuant to applicable rules, regulations and guidelines related to land use noise standards. For planning purposes, wildlife within the MSHCP Conservation Area should not be subject to noise that would exceed residential noise standards. Invasives When approving landscape plans for Development that is proposed adjacent to the MSHCP Conservation Area, Permittees shall consider the invasive, non-native plant species listed in Table 6-2 and shall require revisions to landscape plans (subject to the limitations of their jurisdiction) to avoid the use of invasive species for the portions of Development that are adjacent to the MSHCP Conservation Area. Considerations in reviewing the applicability of this list shall include proximity of planting areas to the MSHCP Conservation Areas, species considered in the planting plans, resources being protected within the MSHCP Conservation Area and their relative sensitivity to invasion, and barriers to plant and seed dispersal, such as walls, topography and other features. Barriers Proposed land uses adjacent to the MSHCP Conservation Area shall incorporate barriers, where appropriate in individual project designs to minimize unauthorized public access, domestic animal predation, illegal trespass or dumping in the MSHCP Conservation Area. Such barriers may include native landscaping, rocks/boulders, fencing, walls, signage and/or other appropriate mechanisms. Grading/Land Development Manufactured slopes associated with proposed site development shall not extend into the MSHCP Conservation Area. Vegetation Mapping – MSHCP Section 6.3.1 Figures 8 and 9 in Appendix C provide detailed maps illustrating the locations and extent of each vegetation community and Riparian/Riverine habitat (respectively) described above. Table 3.3-1 provides the acreages for the various vegetation communities. Additional Survey Needs (CASSA) – MSHCP Section 6.3.2 Plants The project site does not have CASSA requirements for plant species. Therefore, no focused CASSA surveys or mitigation is required under the MSHCP. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-33 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Amphibians and Mammals The project is not within a CASSA for amphibian or mammal species. Therefore, no focused surveys or mitigation is required under the MSHCP. Burrowing Owl The project is within the CASSA for burrowing owl. Surveys for burrowing owl were conducted in 2007 and again in 2014 within suitable habitat (i.e., the upland vegetation communities and disturbed habitat across the site). No burrowing owls or burrowing owl sign was observed during the focused surveys. Fuels Management – MSHCP Section 6.4 The project area is adjacent to a proposed MSHCP Conservation Area. The project has been designed so that all fuel modification requirements are confined to within the project area and do not extend into the Conservation Area. Planned Roadway Criteria – MSHCP Section 7.5.1 The Western Bypass would be constructed as part of the project. In addition, although not permitted under this project, the project would construct the Western Bypass Bridge over Murrieta Creek. Per Section 7.5.1 of the MSHCP, the ultimate alignment and design of planned roadways, bridges, and interchanges are subject to the following design, siting, and construction guidelines: • Planned roads will be located in the least environmentally sensitive location feasible, including disturbed and developed areas or areas that have been previously altered. Alignments will follow existing roads, easements, right-of-ways, and disturbed areas, as appropriate to minimize habitat fragmentation. • Planned roads will avoid, to the greatest extent feasible, impacts to Covered Species and wetlands. If wetlands avoidance is not possible, then any impacts to wetlands will require issuance of and mitigation in accordance with a federal 404 and /or state 1600 permit. • Design of planned roads will consider wildlife movement requirements, as further outlined below under Guidelines for Construction of Wildlife Corridors. • Narrow Endemic Plant Species will be avoided; if avoidance is not feasible, then mitigation as described in the Narrow Endemics Plant Policy will be implemented. • Any construction, maintenance, and operation activities that involve clearing of natural vegetation will be conducted outside the active breeding season (March 1 through June 30). • Prior to design and construction of transportation facilities, biological surveys will be conducted within the study area for the facility including vegetation mapping and species surveys and/or wetland delineations. The appropriate biological surveys to be conducted will be based on field conditions and recommendations of the project manager in consultation with a qualified biologist. The results of the biological resources investigations will be mapped and documented. The documentation will include preliminary conclusions and recommendations regarding potential effects of facility Altair Specific Plan 3.3-34 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources construction on MSHCP Conservation Area resources and methods to avoid and minimize impacts to MSHCP Conservation Area resources in conjunction with project siting, design, construction, and operation. The project biologist will work with facility designers during the design and construction phase to ensure implementation of feasible recommendations. The Western Bypass is a planned roadway as defined in Section 7.5.1 of the MSHCP, and as a result will need to comply with these criteria. The MSHCP has assumed that the impact footprint for the Western Bypass would be 100 feet in width. 3.3.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, impacts related to biological resources may be considered significant if the project would: Floral and Faunal • Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by CDFW or USFWS. Riparian/Riverine and Other Sensitive Communities • Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by CDFW or USFWS. • Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 of the CWA (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means. Wildlife Corridors • Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites. Local Policies and Conservation Plans • Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance. • Conflict with the provisions of an adopted HCP, NCCP, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan. A direct impact consists of a modification, disturbance, or destruction of a sensitive biological resource that would result from project-related activities, such as the removal of a wetland. An indirect impact would be an impact to protected plant and wildlife species or habitat from project- related development that has the potential to indirectly affect the species or habitat, such as the Altair Specific Plan 3.3-35 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources introduction of invasive plant species or increased noise levels. Temporary impacts are often considered to be reversible and temporary in nature, such as noise generated during construction. Permanent impacts are impacts that are considered to be irreversible. Floral and Faunal Special-Status Plants Two special-status plants were observed during the various biological surveys: San Diego ambrosia and paniculate tarplant. Approximately 300 San Diego ambrosia were mapped in the central portion of the project site, near the eastern property boundary. Potential permanent impacts to these species include trampling, crushing, trimming, or completely removing the plants during construction. Potential indirect impacts include introduction of invasive weeds that could out-compete special-status plants via construction equipment and personnel. The San Diego ambrosia and paniculate tarplant are considered adequately conserved by the Western Riverside County MSHCP and impacts are covered under the implementation structure of the MSHCP. Significance Determination: Less than significant The San Diego ambrosia is considered adequately covered under the MSHCP; however, the applicant has agreed to voluntarily translocate the San Diego ambrosia population found on the project site as part of project development (see Section 2.3.6, Project Description). Migratory Birds and Special-Status Wildlife Activities associated with construction of the project may potentially impact special status wildlife and migratory birds including Cooper’s hawk, northern harrier, white-tailed kite, California gnatcatcher, and California horned lark, which were observed or recorded on or near the Project. Direct and indirect impacts to nesting raptors and migratory birds could occur during construction through the removal of suitable habitat, including mature trees and shrubs if habitat clearing were to occur during breeding season. Potential direct impacts include the destruction of active nests; potential indirect impacts include interference with reproductive success due to noise, vibration, and/or visual disturbances. The MTBA and the CFGC (3503 and 3503.5) consider the loss of active nests (nests with eggs or young) of all native bird species unlawful. Consequently, the potential loss or abandonment of nests of bird species as a result of construction-related activities would be considered a significant impact. Impact BIO-1: Activities associated with construction of the project could have a significant impact on special status avian wildlife and migratory birds including Cooper’s hawk, northern harrier, white-tailed kite, and California horned lark. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-1: To the extent feasible, clearing and grubbing activities shall take place outside of the avian breeding season, which occurs from February 1 to September 15. If clearing and grubbing activities are necessary during the breeding season, a focused survey for active nests of raptors and migratory birds shall be conducted by a qualified biologist having demonstrated experience conducting breeding bird and nest surveys. The survey shall occur no Altair Specific Plan 3.3-36 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources more than 7 days prior to any clearing, grubbing, construction or ground-disturbing activities. If active nest(s) (with eggs or fledglings) are identified within the project area, the nest shall not be disturbed until the young have hatched and fledged (matured to a state that they can leave the nest on their own and are no longer relying on the nest for survival). A 500-foot construction setback from any active raptor nesting location (or a distance to be determined by the qualified biologist, based on species, construction activity, the birds’ response/habituation to human presence, and/or topographic features that could limit construction activity disturbance to the nest) shall be adhered to in order to avoid disturbance of the nest until the young have fledged or the nest has failed, as determined by a qualified biologist. A 300-foot construction setback (or a distance to be determined by the qualified biologist, based on species, construction activity, and the birds’ response/habituation to human presence, and/or topographic features that could limit construction activity disturbance to the nest) shall be established for all other migratory birds. If no active nests are identified, construction may commence. All construction setbacks shall be clearly demarcated in the field with appropriate material (flagging, staking, construction fencing, etc.) and verified by a qualified biologist. Such fencing shall be maintained and monitored until the nest is confirmed to be inactive. If an avoidance buffer is not feasible, as determined by a qualified biologist in consultation with the City, noise walls or other noise attenuation devices may be installed as needed to prevent disturbance to the nest. Significance After Mitigation: Less than significant Burrowing Owl The project falls within a CASSA for burrowing owl, thus a protocol-level survey has been performed for burrowing owl. No burrowing owls were detected or observed during the focused surveys. However, suitable habitat occurs within the upland vegetation communities and disturbed habitat across the project site. Burrowing owls may colonize the project site between the completion of focused surveys and the start of construction. Individuals present during ground disturbing activities have the potential to be killed through burrow collapse from construction equipment or vehicles. MSHCP protocol within the CASSA for burrowing owl requires a pre- construction clearance survey if burrows or suitable habitat exist regardless of positive or negative findings. Impact BIO-2: The project could have a significant impact on burrowing owl or suitable burrowing owl habitat during construction. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-1. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-2: Suitable burrowing owl habitat identified on the project site shall be surveyed by a qualified biologist using the methods described in the Burrowing Owl Survey Instructions for the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan Area (EPD, 2006) no more than 30 days prior to initial ground disturbing activities to determine presence or absence of burrowing owl. If no burrowing owls are identified, no additional mitigation is necessary and Altair Specific Plan 3.3-37 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources activities may commence. If a burrowing owl is detected, the City of Temecula and the RCA will be notified. If burrowing owls are found on the project site, the applicant shall implement the following measure: Take of active nests shall be avoided. Passive or active relocation (use of one way doors and collapse of burrows), as approved by the RCA, may occur when owls are present outside the nesting season (March 1 - August 31). If active relocation is selected, translocation sites for the burrowing owl shall be created in the MSHCP Conservation Area for the establishment of new colonies. Translocation sites will be identified, taking into consideration unoccupied habitat areas, presence of burrowing mammals, existing colonies and effects to other MSHCP covered species. Selected translocation sites shall be coordinated with CDFW and USFWS prior to translocation site development. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Pre-construction surveys during the nesting season for burrowing owls and remedial action taken should an active nest be found would adequately avoid potentially significant impacts to burrowing owls during construction. Mountain Lion The mountain lion is adequately conserved by the MSHCP; however, mountain lions are also protected under the CFGC. UC Davis Wildlife Health Center Southern California MLP actively monitors mountain lion movement in the immediate vicinity of the project using radio collars. Mountain lions have been recorded near the west, south and east project boundaries within Murrieta Creek and the Santa Margarita River (Figure 3.3-4). The nearest recorded citing to the east of the project was near the eastern boundary of the South Parcel. As cited in Volume II of the MSCHP: Human presence also may have adverse effects on mountain lion behavior, and in particular range use and foraging activities. For example, Van Dyke et al. (1986) studied the reactions of mountain lions to logging and human activity and found that near human presence, lion activity peaks shifted to periods after sunset compared to areas with no human activity where activity peaks occurred within two hours of sunset and sunrise. In addition, juvenile lions encountered humans more frequently than adult lions, suggesting that dispersing juveniles are at relatively high risk of encounters with humans. Selected home ranges of both adults and juveniles were in areas with lower road densities, no recent timber sales, and few or no human residences. Human developments have intruded upon, greatly reduced and fragmented this required habitat, thus resulting in apparent increased interactions between humans and mountain lions (e.g., Torres et al. 1996). This interaction has resulted in adverse impacts on mountain lions in addition to habitat loss and fragmentation: increased mortality of lions from vehicular collisions; and Altair Specific Plan 3.3-38 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources apparent loss of fear of humans by lions and consequently more frequent aggressive behavior toward humans (especially by juvenile lions). Direct impacts on mountain lions during construction are not anticipated. Temporary nighttime construction may be required near the intersection of Vincent Moraga and Rancho California Road (due to traffic on Rancho California Road), but would not occur in any areas adjacent to existing or proposed Conservation Areas. As such, potential indirect impacts associated with nighttime construction are anticipated to be low. During operation, the Western Bypass could increase the potential for direct mortality if mountain lions were to attempt to cross the Western Bypass. Indirect impacts on mountain lions and other wildlife associated with increased urban/wildland interface during construction and post-construction, such as lighting, noise, and barriers may occur. The project would be subject to the MSHCP Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines. Project related impacts would be mitigated through compliance with these Guidelines and mitigation measures identified below. Also, see discussion under the heading Wildlife Corridors, below, for additional information on project impacts to the movement of mountain lions and other wildlife. Impact BIO-3: The urban/wildland interface associated with the construction and operation of the project could have a significant effect on mountain lions and other wildlife. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO-7a, MM-BIO- 7b, MM-BIO-7c, MM-NOI-1a and MM-NOI-1b. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-3: The following Best Management Practices shall be adhered to: • Prior to the issuance of any clearing, grubbing, or grading permit for the project, a qualified biologist (Project Biologist) with a minimum of 3 years of experience in field supervision on construction sites, shall be retained by the applicant to oversee compliance with the protection and avoidance measures for biological issues associated with the project. The Project Biologist shall have the authority to halt construction activities in the event of noncompliance. • The Project Biologist shall be onsite during initial ground disturbing activities, including, but not limited to: vegetation removal, tree removal or trimming, grading, and restoration landscaping to ensure project activities remain in compliance with all applicable biological resource permits. • Intentional killing or unauthorized collection of plant and wildlife species shall be prohibited. • Workers shall be prohibited from bringing pets and firearms to the project site, and from feeding wildlife. • Proposed and existing Western Riverside MSHCP Conservation Areas shall be protected in place by the installation of orange silt fencing. Fencing shall be maintained in working Altair Specific Plan 3.3-39 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources order and inspected weekly. Fencing repair shall occur within 2 working days following inspection. • All trash and food items shall be contained in closed containers and trash removed daily to reduce the attractiveness to opportunistic predators such as common ravens and feral cats and dogs. • All fueling of construction vehicles shall be within designated areas beyond 100 feet of any drainage course, and be contained using appropriate protection measures. • Nighttime construction shall be prohibited in areas directly abutting or within 200 feet of existing or project-proposed MSHCP Conservation Areas. Nighttime construction which does occur outside these areas shall use directional lighting to minimize the impacts of increased artificial nighttime lighting. • All construction equipment and vehicles shall not idle for more than 45 minutes to minimize ambient noise produced by the project. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant The MSHCP promotes the conservation and recovery of biological resources in western Riverside County and provides coverage for FESA and CESA incidental take for listed species. Project impacts to the mountain lion and other wildlife are mitigated through the existing MSHCP under an existing incidental take permit. The project is subject to the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines in the MSHCP, Section 6.1.4. Consistency with these Guidelines (as demonstrated below under the heading Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines Consistency) and implementation of the above referenced mitigation measures would result in the project having a less-than- significant impact on mountain lions and other wildlife. Riparian/Riverine and other Sensitive Natural Communities Sensitive natural communities include riparian and riverine habitat and other sensitive natural communities identified in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or designated by the CDFW or USFWS will be impacted as a result of project implementation. Sensitive CDFW designated natural communities include riparian woodland, southern willow scrub (riparian), native grassland, Diegan coastal sage scrub and southern mixed chaparral; thus impacts to these communities would be considered significant under CEQA. Riparian and Riverine Communities Riparian and riverine habitat, as defined by Section 6.1.2 of the MSHCP and by the CDFW, are present onsite. The project design would avoid impacts to 1.32 acres (53 percent) of the Riparian/ Riverine habitats on the property. The project will permanently impact 1.24 acres of Riparian/ Riverine habitat including 0.38 acre of southern willow scrub, 0.08 acre of herbaceous wetland, 0.14 acre of coast live oak (riparian) woodland, and 0.64 acre of unvegetated streambed. Impacts associated with the Western Bypass total 0.57 acre (46 percent of project impacts) include 0.34 acre of southern willow scrub (89 percent of project impacts), 0.04 acre of Altair Specific Plan 3.3-40 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources herbaceous wetland (50 percent of project impacts), and 0.19 acre of streambed (30 percent of project impacts) and, therefore, could not be avoided. These impacts have been reduced over what would have occurred on site with the previously approved Western Bypass alignment, and even more significantly, what would have been impacted offsite. Based on aerial photographic review, at least eight drainage features would have been impacted under the previously approved Western Bypass alignment that are no longer being impacted. Avoidance of impacts to 0.14 acre of streambed and 0.04 acre of herbaceous wetland east of the proposed Western Bypass is not feasible because of the need to grade the site in a configuration to meet requirements for the higher density development proposed for the site. Impacts to 0.11 acre of streambed in the northwestern portion of the site are limited to small unvegetated drainage features within the previously approved footprint for the Ridge Park project. Remaining impacts of 0.20 acre of streambed, 0.15 acre of coast live oak woodland, and 0.04 acre of southern willow scrub are the result of grading for the South Parcel and residential development southwest of the Western Bypass. Impacts to Riparian/Riverine habitats would require compensatory mitigation to adequately replace riparian and riverine impacts to levels less than significant. The mitigation strategy and replacement habitat would be determined through the preparation and approval of a Determination of Biological Equivalent or Superior Preservation (DBESP) for Riparian/Riverine Habitats as required by the MSHCP, and a Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (HMMP) (if required) by the CDFW. Impacts to Riparian (vegetated) resources would be mitigated at a 3:1 ratio for both temporary and permanent impacts and accomplished by one, or a combination of, the following options: • Offsite habitat restoration; • Purchase of credits from an In-lieu Fee program; or • Purchase of credits from a mitigation bank. The mitigation may be one of these options or may be a combination of these options and would be determined through discussions with the City, USFWS and CDFW, and recorded in the DBESP and HMMP. The DBESP and HMMP would contain a mitigation strategy that demonstrates adequate compensatory replacement of habitat functions and values, and be subject to the approval of the City, USFWS, and CDFW. The Riverine resources (i.e., unvegetated streambed) impacts would be mitigated at 1:1 due to their lower quality than the riparian habitat, through the same options. Suitable mitigation ratios are depicted in Table 3.3-7 below. Impact BIO-4: Implementation of the project could have a substantial adverse effect on riparian/riverine habitat. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Altair Specific Plan 3.3-41 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-7 MITIGATION FOR IMPACTS TO CDFW & RIPARIAN/RIVERINE RESOURCES Vegetation Type Impacts Mitigation Ratio Mitigation Required Riparian woodland 0.00 3:1 0 Southern willow scrub 0.38 3:1 1.14 Herbaceous wetland 0.08 3:1 0.24 Coast live oak woodland 0.14 3:1 0.42 Streambed 0.64 1:1 0.64 TOTAL 1.24 -- 2.44 SOURCE: Helix, 2015a Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-4a: Prior to the issuance of a grading permit for the project, the applicant shall obtain all necessary agency permits for impacts to jurisdictional waters, wetlands and riparian resources, including USACE, CDFW, and RWQCB. Impacts to riparian habitat shall be mitigated at a minimum of a 3:1 ratio. Impacts to unvegetated channel shall be mitigated at a minimum of a 1:1 ratio. Mitigation for both temporary and permanent impacts shall be accomplished by one or more of following options: on- or off-site habitat restoration; purchase of credits from an in-lieu fee program; and/or purchase of credits from a mitigation bank. If a Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan is required by any of the respective resource agencies (USACE, RWQCB, and CDFW), it shall be prepared according to agency requirements and shall include, at a minimum, the following information: • Location and detailed maps of the mitigation and revegetation areas • An evaluation of the existing function and values, and a description of the function and values to be achieved through compensatory mitigation • Detailed plant and seed mix requirements • Detailed planting plan • Specific and measurable five-year success criteria • Five-year maintenance and monitoring requirements • Invasive species management • Irrigation requirements including the requirement to be off of irrigation for at least two years prior to final sign-off • Securing of a bond or line of credit to guarantee success of the compensatory mitigation Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-4b: Prior to the issuance of a grading permit for the project, a DBESP shall be approved by the RCA to address impacts to 1.24 acres of riparian/riverine habitat. The DBESP shall include the following information: • Definition of the project area • A written project description, demonstrating why an avoidance alternative is not possible Altair Specific Plan 3.3-42 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources • A written description of biological information available for the project site including the results of resource mapping • Quantification of unavoidable impacts to riparian/riverine areas and vernal pools associated with the project, including direct and indirect effects • A written description of project design features and mitigation measures that reduce indirect effects, such as edge treatments, landscaping, elevation difference, minimization and/or compensation through restoration or enhancement • A baseline biological assessment of the resources being impacted, used for comparison of biological equivalency • A written description of the proposed habitat mitigation, including habitat type, location, functional lift, and long-term stewardship responsibility • A finding demonstrating that although the proposed project would not avoid impacts, the habitat mitigation would be biologically equivalent or superior to that which is being impacted and would result in a net equivalent or superior ecological condition Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant The project proposes to compensate for impacts to riparian habitat at a 3:1 ratio and impacts to unvegetated channel at a 1:1 ratio. The mitigation ratio and method will ultimately be determined during the wetland permitting process through the USACE, RWQCB, and CDFW, as applicable. Compliance with state and federal regulatory agency requirements and approval of a DBESP by the RCA would adequately mitigate for impacts to wetlands. Federal Jurisdictional Wetlands Federally protected wetlands protected under Section 404 of the CWA would be impacted as a result of project implementation. Non-wetland Waters of the U.S. impacts total 0.47 acre and 9,186 linear feet of drainage. The applicant will be required to apply for a permit from the USACE under Section 404 of the CWA and mitigate appropriately for impacts to regulated wetlands and waters. Mitigation ratios will be set during regulatory permit process; however a minimum 1:1 mitigation ratio for impacts to ephemeral drainages/unvegetated channel is required under the federal “no net loss” policy. Impact BIO-5: The project could have a significant impact on federally protected wetlands. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a and MM-BIO-4b. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Sensitive Vegetation Communities and Habitat Direct impacts as a result of construction activities associated with the project would include the permanent removal of vegetation that may be utilized for habitat for both common and sensitive wildlife. Indirect impacts associated with construction of the project include fugitive dust and increased noise levels due to heavy equipment operations occurring in the areas. Indirect impacts Altair Specific Plan 3.3-43 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources to habitat could include alterations to existing topographical and hydrological connections, increased erosion and sediment transport, and the establishment of non-native and invasive weeds. Operational impacts include disturbances associated with increased human presence. Table 3.3-8 shows project impacts to vegetation communities. Project implementation will result in permanent impacts to 181.1 acres of vegetation communities, which includes 137 acres of CDFW sensitive communities. Table 3.3-8 breaks down the anticipated impact acreage for each vegetation community found onsite. Plant and wildlife species would be impacted by the project through the direct and permanent removal of 0.38 acre of southern willow scrub, 0.08 acre of herbaceous wetlands, 0.15 acre of coast live oak woodland (riparian/riverine), 0.1 acre of native grassland, 0.1 acre of coast live oak woodland (upland), 103 acres of Diegan coastal sage scrub, 34.8 acres of southern mixed chaparral, 17.1 acres of non-native grassland, 0.1 acre of non-native vegetation and 23.4 acres of disturbed habitat. These upland habitats support species protected under the MTBA, including habitat for raptors (foraging) and nesting birds. Therefore, impacts to sensitive vegetation communities are considered significant. TABLE 3.3-8 PROPOSED PROJECT IMPACTS TO VEGETATION COMMUNITIES Habitat Acres* Existing Impacts Riparian/Riverine Habitats Riparian woodland 0.49 0.00 Southern willow scrub 0.38 0.38 Herbaceous wetland 0.08 0.08 Coast live oak woodland 0.64 0.15 Subtotal 1.59 0.61 Upland Habitats Native grassland 0.1 0.1 Coast live oak woodland 6.5 0.1 Diegan coastal sage scrub 148.7 103.0† Southern mixed chaparral 68.6 34.8 Non-native grassland 26.6 17.1 Non-native vegetation 0.8 0.1 Disturbed habitat 13.5 23.4‡ Developed 4.3 1.9 Subtotal 269.1 180.5 TOTAL 270.7 181.1 * Riparian/Riverine Habitats are rounded to the nearest 0.01; upland communities are rounded to the nearest 0.1. † Includes offsite impacts totaling 1.1 acres. ‡ Includes offsite impacts totaling 0.1 acre. SOURCE: Helix MSHCP Consistency Report dated January 2015 (Helix, 2015a). Altair Specific Plan 3.3-44 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Impact BIO-6: Implementation of the proposed project could have a substantial adverse effect on sensitive natural communities identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by CDFW or USFWS. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-4b and MM-BIO-7c. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-6a: Prior to the issuance of a building permit for the project, or any phase thereof, the applicant shall pay Local Development Mitigation fees, as determined by the City of Temecula Municipal Code Chapter 15, to offset impacts to sensitive habitat and covered sensitive species. As provided for in the RCA’s applicable fee ordinance and/or adopted resolutions, the applicant may request discretionary approval from the RCA fee credits for land conserved onsite that contributes toward the Reserve Assembly of the MSHCP. Any such request and approval shall not otherwise diminish or void the applicant’s obligation to pay the required Local Development Mitigation fees. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO 6b: At the time of final map recordation for the project, or any phase thereof, lands identified to contribute to Linkage Areas and open space areas of the project (Conserved Lands) and included on the final map shall be conserved in perpetuity through the recordation of conservation easements in favor of the RCA or deed transfer of said parcels to the RCA. Conserved Lands shall include all areas identified for the continued preservation and functionality of Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. The project shall conserve onsite a minimum of 82.77 acres, which have been identified at a Criteria Cell level to include Cells 7077, 7161, 7078, 7164, 7258, 7264, 7355 and 7356. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant The payment of development mitigation fees (MM-BIO-6a) and the conservation of lands in favor of the Western Riverside RCA (MM-BIO-6b) would adequately mitigate for impacts to sensitive habitat covered under the Western Riverside County MSHCP. Wildlife Corridors According to the MSHCP and current scientific studies on and adjacent to the Santa Rosa Plateau and escarpment, there are documented terrestrial and riparian wildlife corridors on and in the vicinity of the project, particularly along Murrieta Creek, the Santa Margarita River, and the slopes of the Santa Margarita Escarpment for mountain lion, bobcat and other wildlife. The project would impact wildlife corridors identified in the MSHCP, including Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13, through reduction in width and the effects of urban/wildlife interaction; however, it would not preclude the use of these linkages for wildlife movement (Helix, 2015a). Given the distance of Proposed Constrained Linkage 14 from the project site (approximately 1,800 feet) and its location (east of Interstate 15), the project would have no direct or indirect effect on this linkage (Helix, 2015a). Figure 3.3-4 provides a closer view of the linkages nearest the project site (Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13). Altair Specific Plan 3.3-45 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 !. !. !. !. !.!. !. !.!.!.!. !.!. !. !. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !.!. !.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !.!. !.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !.!. !. !.!. !. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!. !.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !.!.!. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!. !. !.!. !.!. !.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!.!. !. !. !.!. !. !.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!. !.!.!. !. !.!. !.!.!.!.!. !. !. !.!. !.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!. !.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!. !.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!. !. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !.!.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !.!.!.!. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !.!. !. !.!.!.!. !.!. !. !. !.!. !.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!. !.!.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!. !.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!. !.!. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. Linkage 12 Linkage 11 Linkage 10 Linkage 9 Linkage 13 Linkage 10 !"a$ 5.6 ac 4.0 2 a c 1.7 4 a c 41. 08 ac 14. 88 ac 15. 52 ac 14. 23 ac 13. 46 ac J J' O' M' L' K' N' M' I: \ P R O J E C T S \ W \ W H C \ W H C - 0 2 _ V i l l a g e W e s t \ M a p \ B I O \ M S H C P \ F i g 1 0 b _ R e g i o n a l M t n L i o n D a t a . m x d W H C - 0 2 1 0 / 1 6 / 1 5 - C L 01 MilesN *Mountain Lion Point Data Plotted by HELIX from UC Davis Wildlife Health Center Southern California Mountain Lion Project maps. Point Data Should Be Considered Approximations. May Not Include all Data. Project Boundary Project Footprint 2007 Approved Western Bypass Limits of Disturbance Not Targeted for Conservation, but Conserved On Site Not Targeted for Conservation, but Conserved Off Site Not Targeted for Conservation and Impacted Additional City Conserved Lands MSHCP Cell Group MSHCP Criteria Cell Conservation Areas RCA Acquisitions County Boundary !.Mountain Lion* Core Linkage Conceptual Reserve Design Linkage Core Linkage 10 4"/5"304"1-"5&"6&$0-0(*$"-3&4&37& 4"/."3("3*5"&$0-0$*$"-3&4&37& /LQNDJH SANTA ROSA SANTA MARGARITA ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Linkage 14 !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!. !. !. !.!.!. !.!. !.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !.!.!. !.!. !. !.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!. !.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !.!.!. !.!. !.!.!. !. !.!. !. !.!. !.!. !.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !. !.!. !.!.!. !. !.!.!. !. !.!. !.!. !. !.!.!. !.!.!. !. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !. !.!. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !.!. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!. !.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!. !.!. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!. !.!.!. !.!. !. !.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !. !.!. !.!. !. !. !. !.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!. Linkage 12 Linkage 11 Linkage 10 Linkage 9 Linkage 13Linkage 10 !"a$ 5.6 ac 4.0 2 a c 1.7 4 a c 41. 08 ac 14. 88 ac 15. 52 ac 14. 23 ac 13. 46 ac J J' O' M' L' K' N' M' I: \ P R O J E C T S \ W \ W H C \ W H C - 0 2 _ V i l l a g e W e s t \ M a p \ B I O \ M S H C P \ F i g 1 0 b _ R e g i o n a l M t n L i o n D a t a . m x d W H C - 0 2 1 0 / 1 6 / 1 5 - C L 0 1MilesN *Mountain Lion Point Data Plotted by HELIX from UC Davis Wildlife Health Center Southern California Mountain Lion Project maps. Point Data Should Be Considered Approximations. May Not Include all Data. Project Boundary Project Footprint 2007 Approved Western Bypass Limits of Disturbance Not Targeted for Conservation, but Conserved On Site Not Targeted for Conservation, but Conserved Off Site Not Targeted for Conservation and Impacted Additional City Conserved Lands MSHCP Cell Group MSHCP Criteria Cell Conservation Areas RCA Acquisitions County Boundary !.Mountain Lion* Core Linkage Conceptual Reserve Design Linkage Core Linkage 10 4"/5"304"1-"5&"6&$0-0(*$"-3&4&37& 4"/."3("3*5"&$0-0$*$"-3&4&37& /LQNDJH Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.3-4 Linkages Near the Project Site SOURCE: Helix Environmental Planning *Mountain Lion Point Data Plotted by HELIX from UC Davis Wildlife Health Center Southern California Mountain Lion Project maps. Point Data Should Be Considered Approximations. May Not Include all Data. 0 1 Mile 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources The project is located within the Murrieta Creek and Santa Rosa Plateau subunits of the MSHCP’s Southwest Area Plan; Subunit 1 – Murrieta Creek and Subunit 6 –Santa Rosa Plateau (Figure 3.3-2). Subunits 1 and 6 of the Southwest Area Plan include a list of biological issues and considerations that relate to conservation goals of the MSHCP, and specifically for maintaining wildlife corridors. Subunit 1 includes the southern portion of the project including Murrieta Creek and the confluence with the Santa Margarita River, which is situated on the southern boundary of the Project, and contains wildlife linkages 10 and 13. Subunit 6 includes the northeastern portion of the project and includes upland habitats associated with Proposed Linkage 10. MSHCP Subunit conservation goals relevant to the project are listed below: Subunit 1: Murrieta Creek (Includes Murrieta Creek, Santa Margarita River, Proposed Linkage 10, Proposed Constrained Linkage 13) • Maintain habitat connectivity within Murrieta Creek from the confluence of Temecula Creek to Cole Creek for wildlife movement and Conservation of wetland species (Linkage 13). • Maintain linkage area for bobcat (Linkages 10, 13 and 14). • Maintain the area of Murrieta Creek at the confluence of Pechanga Creek, Temecula Creek, and Santa Margarita River for mountain lion linkage (Linkage 14). Subunit 6: Santa Rosa Plateau (Includes Proposed Linkage 10) • Conserve large blocks of woodland and forest habitat. • Maintain Core and Linkage Habitat for bobcat and mountain lion. A goal for both Subunit 1 and 6 is to maintain core and linkage habitat for mountain lion and bobcat. Areas of exurban development are known to increase the potential for mountain lion/human interaction and human caused mortality in mountain lion (Vickers, 2015; Dickson and Beier 2002; Kertson et. al. 2011). In addition, bobcats are susceptible to negative impacts of highways, however they are known to utilize habitat in vegetation cover planted within 328 feet of the highway (Cain et al. 1999). In a 2015 published study by Dr. Winston Vicker on mountain lion movement in Southern California (Vickers, 2015), the most common sources of mortality were vehicle collisions (28 percent of deaths) and mortalities resulting from depredation permits issued after mountain lions killed domestic animals (17 percent of deaths). The study finds that impermeable barrier to mountain lion movements have resulted in genetic restriction and demographic isolation of the small mountain lion population in certain areas; and concludes that highways that bisect habitat or divide remaining “conserved” habitat, and associated ongoing development, threaten to increase threats to survival. Therefore an in-depth analysis of impacts to the wildlife corridors affected by this project has been conducted. In September 2015, at the request of CDFW, Helix prepared a corridor modeling study to assess potential changes or impacts to mountain lion movement between the Santa Margarita Ecological Altair Specific Plan 3.3-47 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Reserve and Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve, specific to Proposed Linkage 10 for the project (Helix 2015c). The modeling approach was based on the use of CorridorDesigner, the model developed as part of the South Coast Missing Linkages study. Helix relied on the CorridorDesigner ArcGIS Toolbox Tutorial and model available on the corridordesign.org website. The model does not determine whether a corridor or linkage is viable or not. Rather, it determines where the best locations for a linkage or corridor are based on the parameters in the model. The corridor model identifies the routes within a given study area that have the least cumulative cost for movement through the study area based on habitat type, topographic position, and distance from roadways. Cost distance of each pixel is the lowest possible cumulative resistance from that pixel to terminuses in each habitat block, in this case the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve and Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve. The authors of the CorridorDesigner model have assumed that habitat suitability and habitat permeability are synonyms, but admit that this assumption is uncertain. Thus they simply define resistance or travel cost as the inverse of suitability or permeability. The more suitable (or permeable) the habitat, the less resistance or travel cost to move from one habitat block to another. The model outputs corridor width “slices,” with each corridor width slice representing the most “permeable” or suitable percentage of the landscape for that particular corridor width slice. For example, the 1 percent slice represents the most permeable/suitable 1 percent of the landscape connecting the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve and Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve. The lower the number, the higher the permeability/suitability. Methodology and assumptions for the Altair model are specifically defined in Helix’s September 1, 2015 memo to Ambient Communities (Helix 2015d). The model determines suitability of each pixel individually, and then cumulatively, to determine the least cost for a mountain lion to move through a given area. Each slice or corridor width is a nested set of lowest cost-distance pixels, with the lowest cost being the center of the slice and the highest cost being the outer slice (10 percent slice, 5 percent slice). The model does not determine whether a corridor or linkage is viable or not. It just determines where the best locations for a linkage or corridor are based on the parameters in the model. A broader slice (i.e. higher percentage) means increasingly higher cost-distance values. Published literature indicates that areas adjacent to development can have a “zone of negative influence” of 0 to 1,970 feet. This zone of negative influence may result in reduced usage of these areas both in time and spatially, with the first 490 feet being most heavily avoided by all population demographics. The use of the area of 490 to 1,970 feet is more variable depending on the age, sex and breeding status of mountain lions (Dickson &. Beier, 2002, Kertson et al, 2011). Reproductive behaviors such as mating, giving birth, and early rearing of kittens would be expected to be most negatively impacted or possibly eliminated within this zone of negative influence, especially within the first 490 feet. Additionally hunting activities would also be expected to be reduced. Mountain lions tend to avoid roadways when establishing territories, but once the territory has been established with a roadway within that territory, these roadways tend not to be avoided and can be a source of mortality (Dickson and Beier 2002). Altair Specific Plan 3.3-48 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Proposed Linkage 10 Impacts Proposed Linkage 10 is an upland connection extending from the Santa Rosa Plateau Reserve (Core Area F) to the northwest of the Project to the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve (Core Area G) to the southwest of the project. Linkage 10 also connects with Proposed Constrained Linkage 13, which runs along Murrieta Creek, connecting to areas to the north. This linkage is important for movement of bobcat and mountain lion between the two preserves and runs almost entirely on private lands. Proposed Linkage 10, when measured from the edge of proposed development (Western Bypass, South Parcel, and residential development) to actual homes to the west in Subunit 1, varies from 600 feet to well over 2,300 feet. The linkage north of the project site varies from 200 feet wide at its narrowest point at the northern end of the linkage to as much as 3,670 feet in width. The Western Bypass is a Covered Activity under the MSHCP and its original configuration was determined to be consistent with the goals for Proposed Linkage 10 under the original MSHCP approvals. Project design features of the Western Bypass that would reduce or avoid impacts as compared to the current approved alignment include: 1) terminating the northern section at Vincent Moraga Road/Rancho California Road, thereby eliminating 7,700 linear feet of the northern portion of the current approved alignment and avoiding eight drainage crossings, 2) designing a split roadway to minimize grading impacts, and 3) pulling the alignment further east to increase the width of the wildlife corridor. These project design features would avoid 55 acres of impacts to sage scrub, chaparral and other habitats within Proposed Linkage 10, based on the City’s previous grading study for the Western Bypass. In addition, overall impacts to wildlife movement along this stretch of Proposed Linkage 10 would be reduced over the current approved route due to a wider corridor. The construction of the Western Bypass would affect mountain lion and other wildlife movement through corridor width reduction, noise and light impacts and potential mortality due to the impacts with vehicles. Potential long-term indirect impacts could include the introduction of trash, which may potentially affect mountain lions and other wildlife. Other possible impacts include a reduction in hunting/feeding and effects on reproductive behaviors. The South Parcel falls within both Proposed Linkage 10 and Constrained Linkage 13, and would be set back approximately 900 feet from the Santa Margarita River. This linkage area provides an east-west connection that crosses beneath I-15 along the Santa Margarita River, that was assumed to maintain the gene pool and genetic diversity of the mountain lion population on both sides of the freeway as part of the review and approval of the MSHCP. However, based on radio collar data, there may no longer be mountain lion movement underneath I-15 at this location. There is a 100-foot vertical cliff between the Santa Margarita riverbed and the South Parcel situated on the plateau above. Future buildings on the South Parcel would not be directly visible from the Santa Margarita River bottom. In addition, the project applicant will construct a 10-foot tall berm and landscape buffer along the southern portion of the South Parcel, as part of the project, to screen adjacent conserved lands. According to both Dr. Vicker (2014, 2015) and Helix (2015c), it is anticipated that there will be some reduction in overall suitability of Linkage 10 due to the reduction in linkage width and Altair Specific Plan 3.3-49 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources increased urban/wildlands interface. Reproductive behaviors such as mating, giving birth and early rearing of kitten would be expected to be most negatively impacted or possibly eliminated in the area nearest to the project. Hunting/feeding would also be reduced. In addition, movement (migration between larger conserved areas, territory maintenance and other reasons) is expected to be reduced (Vickers, 2014). To assess the corridor options for the mountain lion and assess if those options would change with the proposed project, the CorridorDesigner model was run with three scenarios: (1) without the Project, (2) with the Project including the Civic Site4, and (3) with the Project but without the Civic Site. The model results show that for all three assumptions (No Project, Project with Civic Site, and Project without Civic Site), there are two primary “least cost” corridor options: one along the escarpment and one approximately 2.5–3.0 miles west of the project. There is also a spur approximately 1 mile west of the escarpment that connects the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve with the escarpment linkage. It should be noted that the model did not attempt to address additional corridor options further to the west. Proposed Constrained Linkage 9, Proposed Constrained Linkage 10, Proposed Constrained Linkage 11, and Proposed Constrained Linkage 12 also provide additional linkages west of the Project site from the Santa Rosa Plateau to the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve and San Diego County to the south, and potentially to the Palomar Mountains to the east. Combined, these linkages provide valuable redundancy of connections between the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve and Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve. The CorridorDesigner model was run under the No Project conditions, which identified most of the project footprint habitat suitability as “Suboptimal, but ok for Breeding,” the second most suitable habitat for mountain lion movement, ranked just below the “Optimal” category. Figure 3.3-5 shows the CorridorDesigner model output for the No Project habitat suitability and slides, and the Project and Project without Civic Site output for slices. With each slice representing the most “permeable” or suitable percentage of the landscape for that particular slice (corridor width), the majority of the project is included in the 5 percent and 10 percent slices for the escarpment corridor in the No Project run. Approximately 60–70 percent of the Civic Site falls within the 10 percent slice, and the remainder in the 5 percent slice. The higher the percentage, the higher the “cost” or “resistance” to travel through the route. The optimal output would be in the 1 percent range; thus, it is assumed that this would be a preferable route with the least resistance to travel. Under the No Project model the western third of the project falls within the 5 percent suitability “slice” (corridor width) and the eastern two-thirds (excepting a few areas) falling within the 10 percent suitability slice. 4 In the context of the CorridorDesigner model, the Civic Site refers to the approximately 19 acres of land within the 55-acre South Parcel that would be subject to development activities. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-50 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 !(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !(!( !(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !( !( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( SANTA ROSA PLATEAU ECOLOGICAL RESERVE SANTA MARGARI TA ECOL OGICAL RE SERVE I:\PR OJE CT S\W\W HC \WHC -02_ Villag eW est\Ma p\BIO\WildlifeCorridorStudy \Co rridorDe sign Fill_EntireProject_ VegU p da te s.mx d WHC-0 2 08/1 0/15 -C L Figure # WESTERN BYPASS A ND ALTAIR PROJECT Modelled Corridors - Entire Project 06,000 FeetN Study A rea Wildland Bl ock !(Mountain Lion Sig h tin g Pro je ct Footprint 1% Corridor 5% Corridor 10% Corr idor Habit at Suitabilit y Absolute n o n-habitat Str ongly avo i ded Occa siona lly used; not b reeding hab ita t Subo p ti mal but OK fo r br eeding Optimal !(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !(!( !(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !( !( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( SANTA ROSA PLATEAU ECOLOGICAL RESERVE SANTA MARGARI TA ECOL OGICAL RE SERVE I:\PR OJE CT S\W\W HC \WHC-02_ Villag eW est\Ma p\BIO\WildlifeCorridorStudy \Co rridorDe sign _NoP roje ct_Veg U pd ates.m xd W HC-02 08 /10 /1 5 -CL Figure # WESTERN BYPASS A ND A LTAIR PROJECT Modelled Corridors - No Proje ct 06,000 FeetN Study Area Wildland Bl ock Pro je ct Footprint !(Mountain Lion Sig h tin g 1% Corridor 5% Corridor 10% Corr id or Habit at Suita bilit y Absolute n o n-habit at Str ongly avoi ded Occa siona lly used; not b reeding hab ita t Subo p ti mal but OK fo r br eed ing Optimal !(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !(!( !(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !( !( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( SANTA ROSA PLATEAU ECOLOGICAL RESERVE SANTA MARGARI TA ECOL OGICAL RESERVE I:\PR OJE CT S\W\W HC \WHC -0 2_Villag eW est\Ma p\BIO \WildlifeC orrid orS tu dy \Su bmittal\Attac hD_ Corrido rDesignFill_No C iv icS ite_ 20 12 Veg. mxd W H C-02 0 8/10/1 5 -CL Attachment D WE STERN BYPASS A ND ALTAIR PROJE CT With Project, No Civic Site 06,000 FeetN Project Footprint Stu dy A rea Wildland Bl ock !(Mountain Lion Sig h ting 1% Corrido r 5% Corrido r 10% Corrid or Habit at S ui ta bilit y Ab sol u te n on-habitat Str ongly avoi ded Occasion a lly used; not b reeding habitat Su boptimal but OK for br eeding Optimal !(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !(!( !(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !( !( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( SANTA ROSA PLATEAU ECOLOGICAL RESERVE SANTA MARGARI TA ECOL OGICAL RE SERVE I:\P ROJECT S\W\W HC\WHC-0 2_ Villag eW est\Ma p\BIO\WildlifeCorrid orS tu dy \CorridorDe sign Fill_N o Pro je ct_Veg Upd ates.m xd W HC-02 08 /10 /1 5 -CL Figure # WESTERN BYPASS A ND A LTAIR PROJECT Modelled Corridors - No Proje ct 06,000 FeetN Study Area Wildland Bl ock Pro je ct Footprint !(Mountain Lion Sig h tin g 1% Corridor 5% Corridor 10% Corr id or Habit at Suita bilit y Absolute n o n-habit at Str ongly avoi ded Occa siona lly used; not b reeding hab ita t Subo p ti mal but OK fo r br eed ing Optimal Project with Civic Site – Corridor Model Output No Project- Habitat Suitability Assessment Output With Project, No Civic Site - Corridor Model Output No Project - Corridor Model Output !(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!( !( !( !(!( !(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !( !( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( SANTA ROSA PLATEAU ECOLOGICAL RESERVE SANTA MARGARITA ECOLOGICAL RESERVE I:\PROJECTS\W\WHC\WHC-02_VillageWest\Map\BIO\WildlifeCorridorStudy\CorridorDesignFill_NoProject_VegUpdates.mxd WHC-02 08/10/15 -CL Figure # WESTERN BYPASS AND ALTAIR PROJECT Modelled Corridors - No Project 06,000 FeetN Study Area Wildland Block Project Footprint !(Mountain Lion Sighting 1% Corridor 5% Corridor 10% Corridor Habitat Suitability Absolute non-habitat Strongly avoided Occasionally used; not breeding habitat Suboptimal but OK for breeding Optimal Altair Specific Plan . 140106Figure 3.3-5Corridor Designer Output SOURCE: Helix Environmental Planning 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources When the Project is added into the model, all but a narrow area at the western limits of the project footprint that fell within the 5 percent and the 10 percent slice is eliminated from the corridor. Thus the outer portion (5 percent and 10 percent slice) of the identified corridor which was less easy to travel than the 1 percent “slice,” or the inner portion of the corridor, would be impacted. When the Project but No Civic Site model was run, a larger portion of the Civic Site fell within the 10 percent slice as compared with the No Project alternative, and the remainder of the Project was eliminated from the corridor. Thus, travel through the Civic Site area was not eliminated but became more costly for an animal to travel through it. With both the Project and Project but No Civic Site model, the area west and outside of the project footprint remained unchanged and fell within the 5 percent slice. Therefore, the model output indicated that the portion of the 5 percent and 10 percent slice that falls within the project would be eliminated from the corridor (narrowing the corridor), but the corridor permeability remains similar within this narrower section even with the project being built. In both the Project and Project with No Civic Site model, the model suggests that construction of the project would result in the reduction in Linkage 10 wildlife corridor width. The model doesn’t necessarily determine whether a corridor or linkage is viable or not; it determines where the best locations for a linkage or corridor are based on the parameters in the model. The modeling also indicates that the permeability of the linkage remains essentially the same with and without the project for the area outside of the project footprint, which is consistent with the point that the linkage will continue to be a linkage for mountain lion movement, despite the reduction in corridor width as a result of project implementation. In summary, based upon the existing biological information available for the project site and larger region, existing literature, and MSHCP review, the conservation to be provided by the project and project design features facilitate maintenance of the overall goals of Proposed Linkage 10 and would not preclude the use of the linkage for the mountain lion by continuing to allow for mountain lion movement and other wildlife along the escarpment between the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve and Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve. See Appendix C2 of this EIR (Helix, 2015c) for a detail discussion of the corridor modeling and its conclusions, prepared by Helix. Impact BIO-7: The project could interfere with the movement of wildlife species, and with established migratory wildlife corridors. The project could have direct and indirect impacts to the movement of mountain lion and other wildlife in Proposed Linkage 10. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-NOI- 1a, MM-NOI-1b and MM-NOI-3. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-7a: The portion of Camino Estribo that lies between the South Parcel and the main development area within the project footprint shall remain as a dirt road to minimize vehicular speeds. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-52 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-7b: The applicant shall install permanent fencing along the Western Bypass where the Bypass right-of-way is contiguous with existing or proposed MSHCP Conserved Lands, to keep animals within the wildlife corridor. Prior to the issuance of any construction permits for the project, the applicant shall prepare and submit a detailed fencing plan for review and approval by the City Community Development Department, RCA, CDFW, and USFWS. The fencing plan shall include, at a minimum, the fencing location, fencing specifications, plant list, and method and timing of installation. Mitigation Measure MM-BIO-7c: A Slope Revegetation Plan shall be prepared by the project applicant. The Plan shall be submitted for approval to the City Community Development Department prior to the construction of the Western Bypass. The Plan shall include, at a minimum: • The requirement to salvage and stockpile excavated topsoil up to the first six inches along selected portions of the ground disturbance area for use in spreading as the top layer of soil in restoring disturbed areas • Equipment and methods for planting • A planting plan, including the amount and species of seed necessary to revegetate the target habitat types • Success criteria for the revegetated areas over a five-year period following installation • Specific Best Management Practices for erosion control during and after revegetation • A requirement for five years of maintenance of the revegetated areas, including removal of invasive species and irrigation (if necessary) • A requirement for five years of monitoring to evaluate compliance with the success criteria and to adjust maintenance activities using an adaptive management approach • Identification of entity responsible for installation, maintenance, and monitoring Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Mitigation measures to reduce impacts to Linkage 10 include conserving approximately 83 acres of land onsite within Linkage 10, retaining Camino Estribo as a dirt road to slow any traffic, installing permanent fencing between Conserved Lands and the Western Bypass to reduce potential human/wildlife interaction, and revegetating graded slopes along the Western Bypass abutting existing or proposed MSHCP Conservation Areas within Proposed Linkage 10 to maximize the wildlife corridor width and functionality. The project would also be required to adhere to the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines in the Section 6.1.4 of the MSHCP. Application of project design features that include locating the proposed Western Bypass as far east as feasible, consistency with the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines as required in Section 6.1.4 of the MSHCP and implementation of the above referenced mitigation measures would result in less-than-significant impacts to wildlife movement within Proposed Linkage 10. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-53 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 Impacts Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 is a riparian connection along Murrieta Creek, extending from the Santa Rosa Plateau Reserve (Core Area F) which lies to the northwest of the project, connecting to the Proposed Linkage 10 that provides the connection to the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve (Core Area G) to the southwest of the project. It is already constrained due to urban development, agricultural use, nine existing vehicular bridges and one road through Murrieta Creek. It will be further constrained by the construction of the Western Bypass Bridge over Murrieta Creek. A mountain lion has been tracked in the lower portion of Murrieta Creek, up to the approximate location of the future Western Bypass Bridge crossing of Murrieta Creek, where further movement upstream stops. It is assumed that the mountain lion then moves west towards the escarpment. Murrieta Creek upstream of this point is likely not being used as a wildlife corridor by mountain lions, based upon radio tracking information, because of the intense development on both sides of the creek (Vickers, 2014). The project lies outside of Murrieta Creek, however there is some proposed development adjacent to Murrieta Creek in Cell 7356 associated with the South Parcel. The construction of the Western Bypass Bridge (not a part of this CEQA analysis) would likely further reduce or eliminate use of Murrieta Creek and adjacent uplands north of and at the bridge in this corridor for mountain lion, bobcat and other wildlife movement. Construction of the South Parcel, which is situated approximately 900 feet north of the confluence of Santa Margarita River and Murrieta Creek at the south end of the project, would also reduce the corridor width that includes Murrieta Creek and surrounding uplands along the length of the South Parcel. Specifically, development of the South Parcel would reduce the width of Proposed Linkage 13 to between 258 feet and 548 feet along Murrieta Creek, from just north of the future Western Bypass Bridge crossing, to the confluence with the Santa Margarita River, at the south end of the project. Impacts from noise and light, and the introduction of trash could have an effect on wildlife and their behavior patterns along this reduced corridor width. It should be noted that Linkage 13 north of the proposed Western Bypass Bridge is currently constrained from existing urban development. Implementation of the project would result in corridor widths not unlike what exist along this reach of Linkage 13. Overall, project impacts are considered to be potentially significant. Impact BIO-8: The project could interfere with the movement of wildlife species, and with established migratory wildlife corridors. The project could have direct and indirect impacts to Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-NOI- 1a, MM-NOI-1b and MM-NOI-3. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.3-54 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Project features that would buffer wildlife activity along Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 include dense plantings on top of an approximately 10-foot high berm on the southern side of the building area of the South Parcel, and the installation of “living walls” (green walls or modular vegetated walls) on the south and west sides of buildings located on perimeter lots associated with the South Parcel. The project would also be required to adhere to the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines in the Section 6.1.4 of the MSHCP. Application of project features, consistency with the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines as required in Section 6.1.4 of the MSHCP and implementation of the above referenced mitigation measures would result in less- than-significant impacts to wildlife movement within Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. Local Policies and Conservation Plans City of Temecula Heritage Tree Ordinance (Ord. 09-05 § 1) As stipulated in Ordinance 09-05, Chapter 8.48.120, the Heritage Tree Ordinance is not applicable to previously adopted Specific Plan or the proposed Altair Specific Plan, as such plans will contain their own requirements for protection and preservation of Heritage Trees. The project is therefore not subject to the City’s Heritage Tree Ordinance. City of Temecula General Plan Table 3.3-9 evaluates the project’s consistency with open space and conservation policies and goals in the City of Temecula General Plan. As detailed in Table 3.3-9, the project would be consistent with the General Plan goals and policies that pertain to the project. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-55 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-9 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN POLICIES General Plan Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Open Space and Conservation Element Goal 3: Conservation of important biological habitats and protection of plant and animal species of concern, wildlife movement corridors, and general biodiversity. Policy 3.1 Require development proposals to identify significant biological resources and provide mitigation, including the use of adequate buffering and sensitive site planning techniques, selective preservation, provision of replacement habitats; and other appropriate measures. Consistent. The project has identified significant biological resources and proposed mitigation, including the use of adequate buffering and sensitive site planning techniques, selective preservation, provision of replacement habitats; and other appropriate measures. Policy 3.2 Work with State, regional and non-profit agencies and organizations to preserve and enhance significant biological resources. Consistent .The project has worked with State and regional organizations to preserve and enhance significant biological resources. The City and project proponents have met with local non-profit organizations regarding the wildlife corridors. Policy 3.3 Coordinate with the County of Riverside and other relevant agencies in the adoption and implementation of the Riverside County Multi-Species Habitat Conservation Plan. Consistent .The project has coordinated with the County and the RCA regarding the implementation of the MSHCP. Policy 3.4 Encourage developers to incorporate native drought resistant vegetation, mature trees, and other significant vegetation into site and landscape designs for proposed projects. Consistent .The project would revegetate slopes adjacent to Conserved Lands with native plants. Policy 3.5 Maintain an inventory of existing natural resources in the City. Consistent. The project has provided a compendium of biological resources recorded within the project. Policy 3.6 Limit recreational use of designated open space areas where there are sensitive biological resources as needed to protect these resources. Consistent. The project has been designed, to the extent possible, to separate out proposed open space areas from areas allowing recreational use. Policy 3.7 Maintain and enhance the resources of Temecula Creek, Pechanga Creek, Murrieta Creek, Santa Gertrudis Creek, Santa Margarita River, and other waterways to the ensure the long-term viability of the habitat, wildlife, and wildlife movement corridors. Consistent. The construction of the Civic Center could impede wildlife movement at the intersection of Temecula and Murrieta Creeks. However, implementation of MM-BIO-1b, MM-BIO-4, MM-BIO-5b and MM-BIO-8a-c will result in the project being consistent with this policy. Goal 5: Conservation of open space areas for a balance of recreation, scenic enjoyment, and protection of natural resources and features. Policy 5.1 Conserve the western escarpment and southern ridgelines, the Santa Margarita River, slopes in the Sphere of Influence, and other important landforms and historic landscape features through the development review process. Consistent. To the extent possible the western escarpment has been preserved. Proposed dedicated open space has been included as part of the project elements. Policy 5.2 Identify significant viewsheds to proposed projects that may be preserved through the dedication of open space or the use of sensitive grading, site design, and building techniques. Consistent. The project proposes to dedicate and preserve open space area that will protect viewsheds. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-56 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-9 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN POLICIES General Plan Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 5.3 Encourage the use of clustered development and other site planning techniques to maximize the preservation of permanent open spaces. Consistent. The project has incorporated cluster design and other site planning elements, including the realignment of the Western Bypass to maximize preservation of open spaces. Policy 5.4 Retain and improve the quality of landscaping in parkways, public slopes, rights-of-way, parks, civic facilities, and other public open areas. Consistent. Chapter 9, Design Guidelines and Chapter 10, Development Standards of the Altair Specific Plan identifies conceptual landscape plans for enhancing public spaces, parkways, roundabouts, parks, and entry monument areas along with an extensive plant list for use in both public and private areas. Policy 5.8 Require re-vegetation of graded slopes concurrent with project development to minimize erosion and maintain the scenic character of the community. Consistent. Slopes adjacent to open space areas and the Western Bypass abutting the Conserved lands will be restored to coastal sage scrub. Policy 5.11 Encourage the use of native vegetation where revegetation and landscaping is to occur. Consistent. Slopes adjacent to open space areas and the Western Bypass abutting the Conserved lands will be restored to coastal sage scrub. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-57 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources MSHCP Consistency The project falls within the jurisdiction of the Western Riverside County MSHCP. Compliance with the MSHCP Implementing Agreement would provide assurances that future projects would: (1) be in compliance with the provisions of the federal Endangered Species Act, the California Endangered Species Act, and the National Community Conservation Program Act; (2) adequately provide for the conservation and protection of the Covered Species Adequately Conserved and their habitats in the MSHCP Plan Area; and (3) provide adequate mitigation such that wildlife agencies will not require additional mitigation from permittees, with respect to Covered Species Adequately Conserved, except as provided for in the Implementing Agreement. MSHCP Rough Step Habitats Habitat gains (conservation) and habitat losses (impacts) are tracked by the RCA in order to maintain Rough Step within each subunit of the MSHCP area (the project occurs in Rough Step Unit 5). This is to ensure that the MSHCP Reserve design is being implemented successfully and in-line with the goals of the MSHCP. Unit 5 is currently in Rough Step; however, to ensure each vegetation community located within the project area (that is tracked in Unit 5) remains in Rough Step, the applicant must conserve a certain number of acres for every acre of impact. These conservation ratios are re-evaluated each year by the RCA using a formula included in Section 6.7 of the MSHCP. Riparian scrub, woodland and forest, coastal sage scrub, woodlands and forests, and grasslands are the habitats that occur onsite that have Rough Step requirements for Rough Step Unit 5. The other major habitat type that occurs on site is chaparral, which does not have a Rough Step requirement for Rough Step Unit 5. The project will impact 0.38 acre of riparian scrub/woodland/forest, 103 acres of Diegan coastal sage scrub, 0.15 acre of coast live oak woodland/forest, and 22.6 acres of grassland habitats. Impacts to these vegetation communities would require mitigation according to Table 3.3-10 to ensure compliance with the MSHCP. • Riparian scrub, woodland and forest required conservation is 1.94 acre. The project will conserve 0.49 acre resulting in a 1.45-acre shortfall for conserved lands onsite. • Coastal sage scrub required conservation is 32.5 acres. The project will conserve 40.9 acres, exceeding the requirement by 8.4 acres. • Woodland/forest required conservation is 0.14 acre. The project will conserve 0.49 acre, exceeding the requirement by 0.35 acre. • Grassland required conservation is 8.0 acres. The project will conserve 4.0 acres, resulting in a 4.0-acre shortfall. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-58 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources TABLE 3.3-10 ROUGH STEP CONSISTENCY Habitat Acres that Must Be Acquired for Each Acre Developed1 Acres Impacted Required Conservation Acres Conserved Riparian scrub, woodland, forest 5.111 0.38 1.94 0.49* Coastal sage scrub 0.316 103.0 32.5 40.9 Woodlands and forest 0.926 0.15 0.14 0.49 Grasslands 0.352 22.6 8.0 4.0 1Based on Rough Step Units and Vegetation Table from RCA *Does not include anticipated conservation of 1.45 acres that will be needed to mitigate impacts. SOURCE: Helix 2015a. The project has an onsite shortfall for riparian habitat of 1.45 acres. This shortfall will be met through mitigation requirements for impacts to jurisdictional riparian and riverine resources. There is a 4.0-acre shortfall for grassland. Because Rough Step Unit 5 currently exceeds Rough Step requirements for riparian scrub, woodland, forest, and grassland habitats, the project would not cause Rough Step Unit 5 to be out of Rough Step. Preservation of onsite Rough Step habitats, in addition to required compensatory mitigation for impacts to southern willow scrub and coast live oak riparian woodland at a 3:1 ratio would mitigate for the deficiency of 1.45 acres of Rough Step riparian habitat not met onsite. Impact BIO-9: The project would have an onsite shortfall of conserved acres for impacts to riparian and grassland habitat. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-4b, MM-BIO-6a and MM- BIO-6b. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant With implementation of the above referenced mitigation measures the project would be in Rough Step with the MSHCP reserve goals and impacts would be less than significant. NEPSSA and CASSA Consistency The project is consistent with the MSHCP regarding NEPSSA and CASSA requirement, since the site occurs outside of the area identified in Section 6.1.3 of the MSHCP as requiring focused surveys for NEPSSA plant species, and 6.3.2 requiring focused surveys for CASSA plant species. Impacts to special-status plant species identified in Sections 6.1.3 and 6.3.2 and those species considered “adequately conserved” would be covered under the MSHCP. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.3-59 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Riparian and Riverine Consistency Impacts to riparian and riverine habitat could result in the project being inconsistent with the conservation goals of the MSHCP for this habitat type. See under the heading Riparian/Riverine and other Sensitive Natural Communities, above, for a detailed discussion on project impacts and mitigation to riparian and riverine habitats. Impact BIO-10: Project impacts to riparian/riverine habitat could result in the project being inconsistent with the MSHCP. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a and MM-BIO-4b. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Implementation of the above mitigation measures requiring mitigation for impacts to riparian and riverine habitat would result in the project being consistent with MSHCP goals regarding this habitat type. Fuel Modification Consistency Project fuel modification zones would not extend into the existing or project-proposed MSHCP Conservation Areas. As such, the project would be consistent with the Fuel Modification Guidelines in Section 6.4 of the MSHCP Significance Determination: Less than significant Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines Consistency The project is required to adhere to the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines outlined in Section 6.1.4 of the MSHCP. Public/Quasi-Public Conserved Lands occur directly to the south of the Project along the Santa Margarita River. In addition, MSHCP Conserved Lands occur along portions of the western project boundary. Additional lands within the project site would be set aside for preservation that contribute to Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. See above under the headings Flora and Fauna and Wildlife Corridors, above, for a detailed discussion on urban/wildland interface impacts to plant and wildlife species and wildlife movement. Impact BIO-11: Project impacts at urban/wildland interface areas could result in the project being inconsistent with the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO- 7a, MM-BIO-7b, MM-BIO-7c, MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b, MM-NOI-3, MM-HYD-1, MM- HYD-2, and MM-HYD-3. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-60 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant With the implementation of the above referenced mitigation measures the project would be consistent with the Urban/Wildland Interface Guidelines, as demonstrated below. Drainage Storm drainage facilities will be design in compliance with the engineering standards of the City of Temecula and Riverside County. In addition, the developer would be required to obtain coverage under the statewide NPDES Construction General Permit. The Construction General Permit requires the development to prepare and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Program (SWPPP) by a Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD). The QSD-prepared SWPPP would identify the sources of sediment and other pollutants that may affect the quality of stormwater discharges during construction and describe the implementation and maintenance of various BMPs to reduce or eliminate the potential for sediment or pollutants to come into contact with stormwater runoff during construction. Implementation of mitigation measures requiring these actions would ensure that a MSHCP Conservation Area adjacent to the project would not be adversely affected by stormwater runoff. Toxics Measures require that the project obtain a NPDES Construction General Permit and prepare a SWPPP which will include measures that cover the transport, use, and disposal of hazardous materials during construction. In addition, containment and spill cleanup will be encompassed in SWPPP to prevent hazardous materials from spreading off the property. Regarding project operation, any businesses that would store hazardous materials and/or waste at its business site would be required to submit a Hazardous Materials Management Plan in accordance with the County Hazardous Waste Management Plan. Both the federal and State governments require all businesses that handle more than a specified amount of hazardous materials to submit an annual business plan to the local Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA). The CUPA responsible for the City of Temecula is the Riverside County Environmental Health Department (RCDEH). The RCDEH requires all new commercial and other users to follow applicable regulations and guidelines regarding storage and handling of hazardous waste so that accidental spills or releases are minimized and spill response supplies are readily available. In accordance with the Uniform Fire Code (UFC), the City of Temecula Fire Department conducts site inspections to ensure hazardous materials are stored and handled properly and safety supplies are readily accessible. Lighting Measures have been incorporated measures to ensure that nighttime lighting during construction and operation is shielded to maintain ambient lighting conditions in the MSHCP Conservation Area. Noise Mitigation Measures require that the project will adhere to the City’s noise standards for construction and operation as applicable to the project. In addition, noise attenuation measures such as building setbacks and landscape buffers in places where the project may affect a MSHCP Conservation Area are included in the project. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-61 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Invasives The landscape guidelines in the Altair Specific Plan and the plant list in Appendix A of the Plan encourage the use of native and non-native plant materials appropriate for the development areas; and stipulate that in areas adjacent to MSHCP Conserved Lands and/or native open space, plant species identified in Table 6-2 of the MSHCP shall not be used. Barriers A mitigation measure requires the project to construct permanent fencing along the proposed Western Bypass where the roadway is adjacent to Proposed Linkage 10. Also, project features include the installation of berms/landscaping along the south side of the building pads located within the South Parcel, adjacent to Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. Grading No manufactured slopes will extend into the MSHCP Conservation Area. Wildlife Corridor Consistency The two wildlife corridors affected by the project are Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13. See under the heading Wildlife Corridors, above, for a detailed discussion on the project’s impact on these wildlife corridors. In summary, because the project would constrain Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 there is a potentially significant effect on corridor functionality. Impact BIO- 12: The project could have a significant effect on Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13, and, therefore, could be inconsistent with the MSHCP regarding wildlife corridors. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO- 7c, MM-NOI-1a and MM-NOI-1b. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Application of project features and implementation of the above referenced mitigation measures which include such things as light and glare standards for the development, permanent fencing between Proposed Linkage 10 and the proposed Western Bypass, conservation of land within Proposed Linkage 10 and Constrained Linkage 13, noise reduction measures and application of BMPs during construction, slope revegetation for manufactured slopes along the edge of Proposed Linkage 10 and the proposed Western Bypass, and adherence to operational exterior noise standards would result in the project being consistent with the MSHCP regarding wildlife corridors. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-62 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources MSHCP Goals & Objectives, Subunit and Criteria Cell/Cell Group Acreage Consistency The following is an excerpt from Section 3.3.1 of the MSHCP that defines the Criteria Review Consistency Process under the MSHCP: Application of the Reserve Assembly guidance provided in the MSHCP is intended to occur sequentially, beginning at the broad, landscape scale and proceeding through the individual Cell Criteria. This sequential approach is important to achieve the desired outcome, which, as noted above, is a reserve configuration that provides significant blocks of Habitat and minimizes internal fragmentation. When individual projects are considered, Permittee, staff and applicants should first examine the project in the context of the overall MSHCP Conservation Area by relating the project to the MSHCP Conservation Area description in Section 3.2.2 of the Plan and the descriptions of the applicable Cores and Linkages in Section 3.2.3 of the Plan. The descriptions of the Cores and Linkages include factors such as variable target acreages and perimeter to area ratios, as well as species, configuration and management issues, and all of those factors should be reviewed to provide a context for the review of the particular individual project. Staff and applicants can then have a common understanding of the reserve configuration requirements of the MSHCP in the general project area. After such an understanding of the context, staff and applicants should look at the particular individual project more specifically to examine how it might contribute to, or conflict with, assembly of the MSHCP Conservation Area consistent with reserve configuration requirements. The sequential process should continue with identification of the specific Area Plan and Area Plan Subunit within which the particular individual project is located. Planning Species and Biological Issues and Considerations as well as variable target acreages for the overall Area Plan and Area Plan Subunit should be reviewed between Permittee staff and the applicant along with any available project specific biological information. Planning Species and Biological Issues and Considerations that apply to the specific project should be identified. Not all Planning Species and Biological Issues and Considerations for a particular Area Plan or Area Plan Subunit will apply to every project. The process should continue with a review of the specific Criteria for the identified Cell or Cell Group within which the project site is located. The first criterion for each Cell or Cell Group is the identification of the applicable Core or Linkage. This relationship of the project to the applicable Core or Linkage should already have been identified and discussed as part of the first steps in the sequential process. The next criteria for each Cell or Cell Group are the identification of Vegetation Communities toward which Conservation should be directed along with connectivity requirements. These criteria should be considered for each individual project based on the context established through the earlier review of Cores and Linkage and the overall MSHCP Conservation Area description. Finally, the project should be examined with respect to the percentage conservation portion of the Cell Criteria, which is the last criterion provided for each Cell Altair Specific Plan 3.3-63 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources and Cell Group. While achieving the precise percentage conservation criterion for each Cell or Cell Group would ultimately result in assembly of 153,000 acres of Additional Reserve Lands as envisioned in the MSHCP, it should be noted that achievement of the variable target acreages will be measured on a Core and Linkage or Area Plan and Area Plan Subunit basis, not on an individual project or Cell/Cell Group basis [Emphasis added]. As noted in the discussion of Reserve Assembly Accounting in Section 6.7, adjustments are anticipated during the long-term MSHCP implementation process to respond to new information and baseline changes. The project’s consistency with Area Plan Subunit and Cell/Cell Group conservation acreage goals is summarized below. Helix conducted an acreage consistency analysis for Subunit 1 and 6, and at the Cell/Cell Group level for the project (Appendix C3 of this EIR). It was determined that while the project does not meet specific Criteria Cell acreage goals for every Cell, the project would not preclude achievement of reserve assembly target acreages in Subunit 1 – Murrieta Creek, or Subunit 6 – Santa Rosa Plateau within the MSHCP Southwest Area Plan due to the availability of other undeveloped and rural residential lands not yet under conservation. Therefore, the project is consistent with the MSHCP on the Subunit level, relative to the ability to achieve reserve assembly target acreages. In the lead-agency/RCA Joint Project Review (JPR 14-05-27-01), the RCA advised that if based on only the individual Cell Criteria, the project would be inconsistent with the MSHCP as it would fall short of the targeted conservation acreage for certain Cells. MSHCP Section 3.3.1, page 3-123, more broadly states that the conservation goal is to be determined “on a Core and Linkage or Area Plan and Area Plan Subunit basis, not on an individual project or Cell/Cell Group basis.” Taking into consideration the broader analysis set forth above and in accordance with the above-cited MSHCP reserve assembly guidance, the project would be consistent with the Area Plan, Subunit and Cell/Cell Group conservation acreage goals of the MSHCP. Significance Determination: Less than significant Planned Roadway Criteria Consistency Section 7.5.1 of the MSHCP sets out Planned Roadway Criteria Guidelines for planned roadways that are Covered Activities. These criteria are listed in Section 3.3.1 of this EIR. The project is required to adhere to the Planned Roadway Criteria. The Western Bypass is a MSHCP Covered Activity and has been redesigned as a part of the project. Impact BIO-13: Project design and construction of the Western Bypass, a Covered Activity, could result in the project being inconsistent with the Planned Roadway Criteria of the MSHCP. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-1, MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-4b, MM-BIO- 6b, MM-BIO-7c. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-64 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Implementation of the above referenced mitigation measures would result in the project being consistent with the Planned Roadway Criteria, as demonstrated below. The numbered items correlate to the order of criteria bullet points listed in Section 7.5.1 of the MSHCP (shown under the heading Planned Roadway Criteria – MSHCP Section 7.5.1, above). 1) The Western Bypass has been redesigned to be located in the least environmentally sensitive location feasible to accommodate its circulation purpose. The redesign would eliminate over 7,700 linear feet of roadway from the northern portion of the property to its previous connection at Via Industria. It is now planned to tie into the existing Vincent Moraga Drive through existing graded pads. The Western Bypass begins the approved bridge at Temecula Parkway which sets the feasible road alignment at the southern end of the project. This new alignment reduces the length by 50 percent of the current approved Western Bypass and approximately 55 acres of sage scrub, chaparral and other habitats would be avoided with the proposed realignment based on the City’s previous grading study for the Western Bypass alignment. The MSHCP assumed a 100-foot width for the Western Bypass – this 100-foot width is considered part of the Covered Activity under the MSHCP. Areas beyond this width were not included as part of the Covered Activity. Based on this, the 7,700 linear feet of roadway that has been eliminated through redesign represents approximately 17.1 acres of previously covered impacts that are being eliminated by the project. Within the project boundaries, the proposed re-alignment would impact 15.09 acres using the 100-foot width assumption from the MSHCP. When the graded slopes are included, the alignment would impact a total of 35.98 acres. This compares with 16.96 acres and 54.16 acres, respectively, for the previous covered alignment. 2) Impacts to covered species and wetlands would be avoided to the extent feasible. Impacts associated with the Western Bypass total 0.57 acre (46 percent of project impacts) and include 0.34 acre of southern willow scrub (89 percent of project impacts), 0.04 acre of herbaceous wetland (50 percent of project impacts), and 0.19 acre of streambed (30 percent of project impacts). These impacts could not be avoided due to roadway design constraints. Where it is infeasible to avoid impacts to wetlands, impacts will be offset through implementation of mitigation. 3) Design of planned roadways considered wildlife movement by locating the alignment as far east as possible; thereby, maximize the corridor width and functionality for Proposed Linkage 10. 4) Narrow Endemic Plant Species have been avoided and one species (San Diego ambrosia) will be voluntarily translocated. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-65 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Biological Resources 5) Any construction, maintenance, or operation activities that involve clearing of natural vegetation will be conducted outside the active breeding season to the extent feasible. 6) Prior to design of the Western Bypass, biological surveys were conducted within the study area for the facility including vegetation mapping and species surveys and/or wetland delineations. The results of the biological resources investigations were be mapped and documented. The documentation included preliminary conclusions and recommendations regarding potential effects of facility construction on MSHCP Conservation Area resources and methods to avoid and minimize impacts to MSHCP Conservation Area resources in conjunction with project siting, design, construction, and operation. The project biologist has worked with facility designers during the design phase to ensure implementation of feasible recommendations. Altair Specific Plan 3.3-66 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources This section addresses the potential impacts of the project to cultural resources in the project vicinity in accordance with the significance criteria established in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. This chapter is based on the following sources: Phase I Archaeological Assessment for the Ridge Park Project, City of Temecula, California, prepared by Brian F. Smith and Associates (Stropes and Smith, 2013), Paleontological Resource Impact Mitigation Program (PRIMP), Ridge Park Project, City of Temecula, Riverside County, California, prepared by Brian F. Smith and Associates (Kennedy and Wirths, 2013) and Altair Specific Plan EIR Project, Temecula, Riverside County, California: Archaeological Investigation Report prepared by ESA (Ehringer et. al., 2015). This chapter addresses the potential impacts of the project on cultural resources. Cultural resources include prehistoric and historic sites, structures, districts, places, and landscapes, or any other physical evidence associated with human activity considered important to a culture, a subculture, or a community for scientific, traditional, religious or any other reason. Under CEQA, paleontological resources, although not associated with past human activity, are grouped within cultural resources. For the purposes of this analysis, cultural resources may be categorized into the following groups: archaeological resources, historic resources (including architectural/engineering resources), contemporary Native American resources, human remains, and paleontological resources. Archaeological resources are places where human activity has measurably altered the earth or left deposits of physical remains. Archaeological resources may be either prehistoric-era (before European contact) or historic-era (after European contact). The majority of such places in California are associated with either Native American or Euro-American occupation of the area. The most frequently encountered prehistoric or historic Native American archaeological sites are village settlements with residential areas and sometimes cemeteries; temporary camps where food and raw materials were collected; smaller, briefly occupied sites where tools were manufactured or repaired; and special-use areas like caves, rock shelters, and rock art sites. Historic-era archaeological sites may include foundations or features such as privies, corrals, and trash dumps. Historic resources include standing structures, infrastructure, and landscapes of historic or aesthetic significance that are generally 50 years of age or older. In California, historic resources considered for protection tend to focus on architectural sites dating from the Spanish Period (1529–1822) through World War II (WWII) and Post War era facilities. Some resources, however, may have achieved significance within the past 50 years if they meet the criteria for exceptional significance. Historic resources are often associated with archaeological deposits of the same age. Contemporary Native American resources, also called ethnographic resources, can include archaeological resources, rock art, and the prominent topographical areas, features, habitats, plants, animals, and minerals that contemporary Native Americans value and consider essential Altair Specific Plan 3.4-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources for the preservation of their traditional values. These locations are sometimes hard to define and traditional culture often prohibits Native Americans from sharing these locations with the public. Paleontology is a branch of geology that studies the life forms of the past, especially prehistoric life forms, through the study of plant and animal fossils. Paleontological resources represent a limited, non-renewable, and impact-sensitive scientific and educational resource. As defined in this section, paleontological resources are the fossilized remains or traces of multi-cellular invertebrate and vertebrate animals and multi-cellular plants, including their imprints from a previous geologic period. Fossil remains such as bones, teeth, shells, and leaves are found in the geologic deposits (rock formations) where they were originally buried. Paleontological resources include not only the actual fossil remains, but also the collecting localities, and the geologic formations containing those localities. 3.4.1 Environmental Setting Natural Setting The approximately 270-acre project area is located in the City of Temecula, Riverside County, California. The project is situated west of Interstate 15, south of Rancho California Road, and immediately north of the Santa Margarita River, within the Santa Margarita River watershed. Regional geographic features include the Santa Rosa Plateau and the Temecula Escarpment to the west, the Santa Margarita Ecological Preserve and the Santa Margarita River to the south, the Palomar Mountains to the southeast and large expanses of development within Temecula Valley to the north and east. Topography within the project includes steep hills and narrow, incised canyons with elevations ranging from approximately 1,000 to 1,440 feet above mean sea level. Undeveloped land abuts the project to the south; undeveloped land, rural development and agriculture occur to the west; undeveloped land and urban development occur to the north; and urban development and Murrieta Creek exist to the east of the project. Sage scrub and chaparral dominate the vegetation within the project area with non-native grassland dominating the lower, flatter areas along the eastern boundary; grading activities have disturbed the northeastern corner of the project area. Prehistoric Setting The chronology of coastal southern California is typically divided into three general time periods: the Early Holocene (11,000 to 8,000 Before Present [B.P.]), the Middle Holocene (8,000 to 4,000 B.P.), and the Late Holocene (4,000 B.P. to A.D. 1769). Within this timeframe, the archaeology of southern California is generally described in terms of cultural “complexes.” A complex is a specific archaeological manifestation of a general mode of life, characterized archaeologically by technology, particular artifacts, economic systems, trade, burial practices, and other aspects of culture. Early Holocene (11,000 to 8,000 B.P.) While it is not certain when humans first came to California, their presence in southern California by about 11,000 B.P. has been well documented. At Daisy Cave, on San Miguel Island, cultural Altair Specific Plan 3.4-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources materials have been radiocarbon dated to between 11,100 and 10,950 years B.P. (Byrd and Raab, 2007). On the mainland, radiocarbon evidence confirms occupation of the Orange County and San Diego County coast by about 9,000 B.P., primarily in lagoon and river valley locations (Gallegos, 2002). In western Riverside County, few Early Holocene sites are known to exist. One exception is site CA-RIV-2798, which contains deposits dating to as early as 8,580 B.P. (calibrated) (Grenda, 1997). During the Early Holocene, the climate of southern California became warmer and more arid and the human population, residing mainly in coastal or inland desert areas, began exploiting a wider range of plant and animal resources (Byrd and Raab, 2007). The primary Early Holocene cultural complex in coastal southern California was the San Dieguito Complex, occurring between approximately 10,000 and 8,000 B.P. The people of the San Dieguito Complex inhabited the chaparral zones of southwestern California, exploiting the plant and animal resources of these ecological zones (Warren, 1967). Leaf-shaped and large- stemmed projectile points, scraping tools, and crescentics are typical of San Dieguito Complex material culture. Middle Holocene (8,000 to 4,000 B.P.) During the Middle Holocene, there is evidence for the processing of acorns for food and a shift toward a more generalized economy in coastal and inland southern California. The processing of plant foods, particularly acorns, increased, a wider variety of animals were hunted, and trade with neighboring regions intensified (Byrd and Raab, 2007). The Middle Holocene La Jolla Complex (8,000–4,000 B.P.) is essentially a continuation of the San Dieguito Complex. La Jolla groups lived in chaparral zones or along the coast, often migrating between the two. Coastal settlement focused around the bays and estuaries of coastal Orange and San Diego counties. La Jolla peoples produced large, coarse stone tools, but also produced well-made projectile points, and milling slabs. The La Jolla Complex represents a period of population growth and increasing social complexity, and it was also during this time period that the first evidence of the exploitation of marine resources and the grinding of seeds for flour appears, as indicated by the abundance of millingstones in the archaeological record (Byrd and Raab, 2007). Contemporary with the La Jolla Complex, the Pauma Complex has been defined at inland sites in San Diego and Riverside counties (True, 1958). The Pauma Complex is similar in technology to the La Jolla Complex; however, evidence of coastal subsistence is absent from Pauma Complex sites (Moratto, 1984). The Pauma and La Jolla complexes may either be indicative of separate inland and coastal groups with similar subsistence and technological adaptations, or, alternatively, may represent inland and coastal phases of one group’s seasonal rounds. The latter hypothesis is supported by the lack of hidden and deeply buried artifacts at Pauma sites, indicating that these sites may have been temporary camps for resource gathering and processing. Late Holocene (4,000 B.P. to A.D. 1769) During the Late Holocene, native populations of Southern California were becoming less mobile and populations began to gather in small sedentary villages with satellite resource-gathering Altair Specific Plan 3.4-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources camps (Byrd and Raab, 2007). Evidence indicates that the overexploitation of larger, high-ranked food resources may have led to a shift in subsistence towards a focus on acquiring greater amounts of smaller resources, such as shellfish and small-seeded plants (Byrd and Raab, 2007). Around 1,000 B.P., an episode of sustained drought, known as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA), occurred. While the effects of this environmental change on prehistoric populations are still being debated, it did likely lead to changes in subsistence strategies in order to deal with the substantial stress on resources (Jones and Schwitalla, 2008). In coastal southern California, beginning before the MCA but possibly accelerated by it, conditions became drier and many lagoons had been transformed into saltwater marshes. Because of this, populations abandoned coastal mesa and ridge tops to settle nearer to permanent freshwater resources (Gallegos, 2002). Although the intensity of trade had already been increasing, it reached its zenith in the Late Holocene, with asphaltum (tar), seashells and steatite being traded from southern California to the Great Basin. Major technological changes appeared as well, particularly with the advent of the bow and arrow, which largely replaced the use of the dart and atlatl (Byrd and Raab, 2007). Small projectile points, ceramics, including Tizon brownware pottery, and obsidian from Obsidian Butte (Imperial County), are all representative artifacts of the Late Holocene. It has been postulated that as early as 3,500 B.P., a Takic-speaking people arrived in coastal Los Angeles and Orange counties, having migrated west from inland desert regions (Kroeber, 1925; Sutton, 2009). By around 1,500 to 1,000 B.P., Takic language and cultures had spread to the south and inland to the east. These new arrivals, linguistically and culturally different from earlier coastal populations, may have brought new settlement and subsistence systems with them, along with other new cultural elements. This migration has been postulated as being a factor in several of the significant changes in material culture seen in the Late Holocene (such as the use of smaller projectile points and pottery), as well as the introduction of cremation as a burial practice. The San Luis Rey culture (divided into San Luis Rey I [A.D. 1400 to 1750] and San Luis Rey II [A.D. 1750 to 1850]) represented the Late Period in southwestern Riverside County and northern San Diego County (Moratto, 1984). San Luis Rey I village sites contain manos (hand stones), metates (grinding slabs), bedrock mortars, shell artifacts, and triangular arrow points. In addition to these features, San Luis Rey II sites are characterized by the presence of pottery, pictographs, and the cremation of the dead (Moratto, 1984). San Luis Rey settlement patterns in the upper San Luis Rey River drainage are typified by seasonally occupied lowland villages located in proximity to water sources, and highland villages occupied in the late summer and fall for acorn collection (True and Waugh, 1982). However, settlement patterns within southwestern Riverside County are less well known. The available information, stemming primarily from survey data, indicates that four primary site types existed within the region during the Late Period: field camps, resource procurement locations, residential bases, and villages (Mason, 1999). Resource procurement locations and field camps, the most common site types, contain a limited assemblage of artifacts and subsistence remains, primarily lithic debitage, some tools, fire affected rock, and small amounts of animal bones and charred Altair Specific Plan 3.4-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources seeds and nuts. This indicates that these types of sites were used primarily for focused activities and short-term occupancy. Villages and residential bases, on the other hand, show evidence for long-term occupation by large groups of people. Villages were occupied year round, while residential bases were occupied seasonally. Artifacts and features found at both village and residential bases, including large amounts of faunal and botanical remains, numerous high-quality tools, fire-affected rock, and anthrosols, indicate a wide range of activities (Mason, 1999). Bedrock mortars point to the processing of seeds and acorns, and ceremonial activities are evidenced by the presence of pictographs, petroglyphs, and cupules within village sites. Ethnographic Setting Native Americans living in the project area at the time of Spanish contact are now known as the Luiseño, after the Mission San Luis Rey to which many of them were relocated. The language of the Luiseño people has been identified as belonging to the Cupan group of the Takic subfamily, which is part of the larger Uto-Aztecan language family (Bean and Shipek, 1978). Luiseño territory includes portions of northern San Diego, southern Orange, and Riverside Counties, and would have encompassed a diverse environment including lagoons and marshes, coastal areas, inland river valleys, foothills, and mountains. The neighbors of the Luiseño to the north and northwest were the Juaneño, Gabrielino, and Serrano; to the east were the Cahuilla and Cupeño; and to the south were the Kumeyaay. The Luiseño subsisted on small game, coastal marine resources, and a wide variety of plant foods such as grass seeds and acorns. Luiseño houses were conical thatched reed, brush, or bark structures. The Luiseño inhabited permanent villages centered around patrilineal clans, with each village headed by a chief, or not (Kroeber, 1925; Sparkman, 1908). Seasonal camps associated with villages were also used. Each village or clan had an associated territory and hunting, collecting, and fishing areas. Villages were typically located in proximity to a food or water source, or in defensive locations, often near valley bottoms, streams, sheltered coves or canyons, or coastal strands (Bean and Shipek, 1978). It is estimated that there may have been around 50 Luiseño villages with a population of about 200 each at the time of the first Spanish contact (Bean and Shipek, 1978). Today, there are six federally recognized tribes in California who share Luiseño tribal affiliation, language, and culture, including the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians (Pechanga), Rincon Band of Mission Indians (Rincon), Soboba Band of Mission Indians (Soboba), La Jolla Band of Mission Indians (La Jolla), Pala Band of Mission Indians (Pala), and the Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians (Pauma). The Pechanga tribe is historically affiliated with the project area. Pechanga Tribal Perspective The following information is incorporated here in order to provide a Tribal perspective on the project area and vicinity. The following section provides a summary of information previously provided to ESA by Lisa Woodward, Ph.D., Archivist for the Pechanga (Woodward, 2012). Altair Specific Plan 3.4-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Summary of Luiseño Origin Narrative According to traditional Luiseño beliefs, the world was created at 'Éxva Teméku (EXH-vah teh- MEH-koo), located at the convergence of the Murrieta and Temecula Creeks. 'Éxva is translated as a “place of sand” and Teméku means, "sun place." The original inhabitants of Temecula have always lived within hail of their Creation place. According to the Luiseño Creation account, in the beginning there was nothing Kíwvish 'atáxvish (KEYW -vish ah-TAH-vish) meaning 'empty', 'unpopulated.' Several periods of time passed during which things began to take shape. This is where the Luiseño Origin recounted in ancestral songs say Túukumit (TOO-koo-mit, Father Night Sky) and Tamáayawut (Ta-MAI-yah-whoot, Mother Day Earth) created the world. When Túukumit and Tamáayawut became one, their first offspring were earth and sand, which in Luiseño are 'éxla (EXH-Ia) and 'éxval (EXH-vol). 'Éxva Teméeku [is therefore in reference to the first offspring of Túukumit and Tamáayawut (Elliott, 1999). Their children were known as the first people or Káamalam (KAH-mah-lam) and were all things, including mammals, birds, trees, fog, and rocks. The birth of the world took place near the confluence of what is now known as the confluence of the Temecula River and Murrieta Creek which form the Santa Margarita River. The last of the Káamalam-born was Wuyóot (We-YOHT). He was innately gifted with knowledge and he knew how to make the first food, tóovish (TOH-vish, white clay), to feed the Káamalam. It is said Wuyóot gave the people ceremonial songs when he lived at 'Éxva Teméeku, which are still sung today (Dubois, 1908). According to the Creation narratives, Wuyóot was poisoned, and in an attempt to be cured, he visited several hot springs throughout the area that is now recognized as Luiseño territory. Several of the traditional songs relate this account of the people taking the dying to various hot springs, which included Churúkunuknu $ákiwuna, Murrieta Hot Springs, meaning 'sliding place where hot water bubbles', and 'iténgvu Wumówmu, the hot springs at Lake Elsinore, where he died at the end of his journey. As he traveled to these various springs, Wuyóot also named the increments of time that had passed, which became the months of the Luiseño calendar. During this time, he taught the First People all of his knowledge (Dubois, 1908; Roberts, 1933). Upon Wuyóot’s death, he was taken to 'Éxva Teméeku and cremated. Wuyóot's passing was the first death of the Káamalam. Death did not exist before this time. The Káamalam were so overcome with grief that the quail, roadrunner, and woodpecker cut their hair. This is a mourning custom still practiced today. The rocks and trees cried. Wuyóot's death frightened the people, but to console the Káamalam, he was resurrected as Móyla (moon). Before that event, night had only been known to be full of darkness. The Káamalam knew Móyla-Wuyóot would always be with them. It is said after Wuyoot's death, they called a Grand Council at Káamalam Pomkí, located in the hills above 'Éxva Teméeku. During this Council the Káamalam discussed who would become food, since tóovish (white clay) would no longer be provided by Wuyóot. After several arguments as to why certain Káamalam should not become food, it was determined that $úkat (SHOE-cut, deer) would be sacrificed. Upon the conclusion of this meeting, the First People dispersed to all corners of Creation, which is now recognized as Luiseño territory. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Teméku/Temecula Village When looking at the entire footprint of precontact Luiseño villages, they are much like towns today. Such is the case with Teméku/Temecula, the village encompasses other named places within it; Yamíinga, Wankí, and Pávkun. These areas are located within 2 to 3 miles from the Santa Margarita River, east along Temecula River to what is now known as Butterfield Stage Road, located approximately 4 miles east of the project area. This would be the equivalent to the City of Temecula with the areas of "Rainbow Canyon," "Vail Ranch" and "Redhawk." and which are all located within the boundary. So, when looking at a village, such as Teméku, which has a long rich documented history, assigning hard and fast boundaries is difficult. The 30+ sites located along Temecula Creek represent thousands of years of continuous occupation in the Valley. While archaeologists deem these sites individual "habitation areas," the Tribe sees them as one village with different components. In addition to the Creation place of ‘Éxva Teméku, there are four other key components to Teméku Village. Wankí, located on the bluff where the old Vail ranch house stands, was the area where religious observances took place, where the ceremonial enclosure was located. The place name is actually the old form of the Luiseño word “wamkish,” which means "ceremonial enclosure." The retention of the old form of the name indicates this place has been in use for a long time. Human burials were also encountered in this area when the land was developed. Yamíinga, located at the old Vail Ranch headquarters (now known as the Kohls/Walmart shopping center, located approximately 2.75 miles east of the project area) is derived from the word yáama, meaning "to endure, last a long time," is the name for the location of the historic village component which contained the adobe homes. This word is also an old term for an entity in the Luiseño creation account, yáamay, the "one who endures," which represents femininity in the world before the First People were born. Because we have two archaic terms located within the larger village of Teméku, which are places both in view of the creation place, it indicates this area is an important place to the indigenous people and has been inhabited for a long time. Adjacent to Yamíinga and Wankí, is a place called Temét Kari 'aq, meaning where the sun rises and located on the bluff across the river from the Vail Ranch headquarters, which is an important event in the Creation story and also tied to the name "Temecula. Historical Significance of the Origin Area and Teméku Village The first direct European impact on the people of Teméku was the establishment of Mission San Luis Rey in 1798. The Valley became known as "Temecula" and a satellite rancho was established for the Mission (Engelhardt, 1921). In an attempt to "rebrand" a traditional religious place into a Catholicized one, the Mission built a warehouse at ‘Éxva Teméku. The valley produced large amounts of grain for the mission, which sustained a population of about 300 people. When ‘Éxva Teméku was studied in the late 1940s several mission era artifacts were discovered including floor and roof tiles (McCown, 1955). Once the missions were secularized in 1834, large ranchos were created from the church land holdings. In the 1840s three land grants were created in the Temecula Valley: the Temecula, Little Temecula, and Pauba Ranchos. After the ranchos passed to several different owners, Altair Specific Plan 3.4-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Domingo Pujol, Francisco Sanjurjo and Juan Murrieta purchased the majority of the Little Temecula, Temecula, and Pauba ranchos. During this time, landowners in California began to impose property taxes and leases upon the Indians who lived on the now privately owned ranchos. The owners were successful in obtaining a Writ of Ejectment from the San Francisco courts on the grounds that the Indians could not prove title to the land. The new owners told the Temecula Indians they could remain in their homes if they signed leases, which they refused to do. On September 20, 1875, under orders from the District Court of San Francisco, Sheriff Nicholas Hunsaker of San Diego and approximately twenty armed men evicted the Temecula Indians from their traditional village. The Temecula village was located along both sides of Temecula Creek near what is now known as the Redhawk housing development and the Home Depot shopping center, located approximately 2.60 miles east of the project area. The writ contained the names of 52 heads of household, representing over 200 inhabitants. The armed posse led by Sheriff Hunsaker, which included the owners of the ranch as well as local landowners Louis Wolf and Jose Gonzales, drove wagons to the Indians’ homes and loaded their belongings. The eviction took place over three days. The Indians did not fight back because anyone resisting would be shot. The people protested by sitting down and refusing to move their belongings. The women wailed and the men lowered their heads and covered their faces. The posse arrived with wagons and loaded their belongings onto them. They were then forced to leave the village following behind the wagons. They had to abandon their crops and most of their livestock. The posse shouted insults and threw stones to get them to move along. They traveled along a trail which now closely follows Loma Linda road. Once they were off the rancho, the men threw all their possessions onto the ground, smashing pottery that contained food and belongings. The people were dumped along what is now known as Loma Linda Road near the intersection of what is now Pechanga Parkway and Rainbow Canyon road. John Magee, who was the former owner of the Little Temecula Rancho, had a store near the area where the people were dumped (the adobe ruin still stands and is located on Pechanga Golf Course). Magee was married to Custoria Nesecat, a Temecula (Pechanga) Indian. The evictees who remained in the valley settled on Magee's land along the foothills near two springs called Táavishpa (TAH-vish-pa) and Túuchaana (TOO-cha-nah) while some moved to Pechanga Canyon where they sunk wells and planted crops. It wasn't until, June 27, 1882, under Executive Order by President Chester A. Arthur, the Pechanga Reservation was established. The name is derived from a spring at the foot of the mountain named Péchaq (PEH-chaq) meaning "water is dripping." Jackson returned to Pechanga in May 1883 and reported that the people had built houses and large tracts of land were planted in grain while the neighboring white man's crops on the lands from which they were driven were poor and "hardly worth cutting." Due to lack of water, farming on the reservation was difficult and making a living was a challenge. In the early 1900s several families moved away from Pechanga to find work. The people who stayed were employed as cowboys, ranch hands, and domestics on the local households. The original inhabitants of the valley have always lived and continue to live within hail of their Creation place and in their ancestral homelands. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Development of the Temecula Valley and Its Effect on the Village During the ranching era, the landscape of the Valley did not change much, until 1965, when the Vail Ranch was sold to a development corporation. In the 1980s and 1990s full-scale development of the valley began and the Temecula Village broken up and recorded as separate archaeological sites under CEQA. In Temecula Valley (through which the Temecula Creek flows) there are over 30 individual recorded “sites.” However, only studies conducted on the Vail Ranch complex discuss the Indian village located within the ranch boundaries. Several published sources discuss the "historic" village but fail to make any connection to the precontact village and its population. In actuality, the precontact village and historic village of Teméku/Temecula span the entire valley, as outlined above. Historic Setting The first European presence in what is now southern California came in 1542, when Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo led an expedition along the coast. Europeans did not return until 1769, when the expedition of Gaspar de Portolá traveled overland from San Diego to San Francisco. The Riverside County area received its first European visitors during the early and mid-1770s, shortly after the beginning of Spanish colonization of Alta California in 1769. The first known European to set foot in this area was a Franciscan padre, Father Juan Norberto de Santiago, who traveled into the Temecula Valley in October 1797. Santiago was on an expedition out of Mission San Juan Capistrano seeking a site for a new mission. With his party of seven soldiers, he came upon what is now Lake Elsinore, and then traveled southward through the Temecula Valley and on to the Pacific Ocean (City of Temecula, 2011). In the late 18th century, the Spanish began establishing missions in California and forcibly relocating and converting native peoples. Throughout California, disease and hard labor took a toll on the native populations; by 1900, the Native Californian population had declined by over 90 percent (Cook, 1978). In addition, native economies were disrupted, trade routes were interrupted, and native ways of life were significantly altered. The Luiseño Indians inhabited the Temecula Valley prior to the arrival of non-native settlers (Bibb, 1972; Van Horn, 1974). Mexican and European ranchers began settling in the Temecula Valley in the late 18th century. Mission San Juan Capistrano was founded 30 miles east of the project area in 1776. In 1798, Father Juan Norberto de Santiago founded the Mission of San Luis Rey de Francia, 20 miles to the southwest of the project area. The Mission established a satellite rancho in the Valley, known as “Temecula.” The Temecula Valley became the principal grain producer for Mission San Luis Rey. Nearer to the project area, the smaller asistencia San Antonio de Pala, about 10 miles southeast of Temecula, was founded in 1816 (Van Horn, 1974). In 1821, Mexico, which included much of present-day California, became independent from Spain, and during the 1820s and 1830s, the California missions were secularized. Mission property, although it was supposed to have been held in trust for the Native Californians, was handed over to civil administrators and then into private ownership. After secularization, many former Mission Indians were forced to leave the Missions and seek employment as laborers, ranch hands, or domestic servants (Horne and McDougall, 2003). Altair Specific Plan 3.4-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Locally, three land grants were awarded during the Mexican period. The 26,608-acre Temecula Rancho, which included the project area along with much of the Temecula and Murrieta valleys, was deeded to Felix Valdez in 1844. The 26,597-acre Pauba Rancho was awarded to Vicente Moraga the same year. In 1845, the 2,283-acre Little Temecula Rancho was granted to Pablo Apis, a Luiseño Indian. The Little Temecula Rancho encompassed some of the most fertile land in the Temecula Valley, and was strategically situated on a trail between San Diego and northern regions (Van Horn, 1974). In 1848, gold was discovered in California, leading to a huge influx of people from other parts of North America, and in 1850, California became part of the United States of America. The opening of the Butterfield Overland Mail route in 1858, and later the California Southern Railroad line in 1882 greatly increased the number of people coming to southern California (Helmich, 2008; Lowell, 1985). The major travel corridor through Temecula in the 19th century was known as the Southern Emigrant Trail, and was the primary route by which prospectors and other immigrants travelled to and through California (Brigandi, 2012). In addition, the trail became the route for the Butterfield Overland Mail from 1858 to 1861. The stage company established a stop in Temecula at Louis Wolf’s store, which was then the center of the village of Temecula. Temecula’s first post office was established in 1859 at the stage stop (Brigandi, 2012). As more and more settlers arrived, the United States government began to establish reservations for the displaced Indians. In 1852, the Treaty of Temecula was signed by several Luiseño leaders. The treaty would have given the Temecula Indians (primarily composed of Luiseño Indians) a reservation and a program of assistance from the United States government (Van Horn, 1974). However, the treaty was never ratified by the United States Congress. In 1869, local ranch owners, including prominent Temecula residents Louis Wolf, Jose Gonzales, Francisco Sanjurjo, and Juan Murrieta, petitioned the District Court in San Francisco to have the Temecula Indians removed from the area. In 1875, the Temecula Indians were forcibly evicted from their traditional lands and moved five miles. In 1882, the Pechanga Indian Reservation was established by executive order of Chester A. Arthur (Brigandi, 2012). Farming in the reservation was difficult, and in the early 20th century, many families moved away from the Pechanga Reservation to ease the challenge of making a living. The remaining people worked with the local ranches as ranch hands, domestics, and cowboys, thus being able live near their Creation place and ancestral homelands. In 1880, construction began on the California Southern Railroad, which would eventually connect San Diego with the Santa Fe railroad line through the Cajon Pass, by way of Temecula. The railroad established a new Temecula townsite across the creek from the railroad tracks, about 3.5 miles to the northwest of the old town. Drawn by the prospect of direct access to the railroad, most residents relocated to the new townsite. The railroad also helped to create a granite quarrying industry, which flourished in the late 19th century (Brigandi, 2012). However, the tracks through Temecula Canyon were washed out in a flood in 1891, and never rebuilt. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources In 1893, following a period of conflict and discontent between the cities of Riverside and San Bernardino, portions of the Temecula and San Jacinto valleys, which were then in San Diego County, joined with the City of Riverside in the formation of the new Riverside County (Horne and McDougall, 2003). Until the 1960s, the Temecula Valley was part of the Vail Ranch and was used primarily for cattle ranching and agriculture. However, the last years of the 1960s and early 1970s witnessed the beginnings of dramatic change in the Temecula Valley as the area began to experience its growth as an urban area. This urban growth continued through the area’s incorporation as a city in December 1989, into the present time. Wine production in Temecula began in the late 20th century as well. The first vineyards were planted in the late 1960s and today several dozen wineries can be found throughout the area (Brigandi, 2012). Human Remains Setting Several archaeological sites in the region are reported to have contained human remains. Many of these sites are located along or at the confluence of perennial creeks and contain midden soils, indicating long term seasonal use or habitation. There are five archaeological sites (CA-RIV-50, - 365, -644, -2536, and 3410/H) in the vicinity of the project area that have been reported by previous researchers to contain human remains, including both cremations and inhumations. Site CA-RIV-50 (a contributor to P-33-011443 – Murrieta Creek Archaeological Area [MCAA]), located to the southeast of the project area, was first documented in the early 1940s. Previous researchers have described the resource as a prehistoric habitation site consisting of midden soil, ceramics, bedrock milling features, fire affected rock, and groundstone fragments (Bowles, 1982a). Two burials are noted on the 1964 archaeological site record update (Chartkoff and Kona, 1964). However, no further information on the remains is provided. Similarly, site CA-RIV -365, located to the southwest of the project area, is a prehistoric habitation site consisting of midden soil, bedrock milling features, groundstone fragments, lithics (McCarthy, 1988). A site record update prepared in 1972 notes evidence of cremated human remains (King, 1972a). No further information on the remains is provided. Site CA-SBR-644, located to the north of the project area, was originally recorded in 1972. The site is a prehistoric habitation site consisting of midden soil, lithic debitage, groundstone fragments, ceramics. One burial eroding out of a creek bed was reportedly recovered by “public employees” (Humbert and Hammond, 1972). In 1974, the University of California, Riverside, conducted data recovery excavations at the site. The excavation revealed a deep midden deposit containing projectile points, lithic debitage, groundstone, and charcoal; however, no additional evidence of human remains was encountered (Schlanger, 1974). Site CA-RIV-3410/H, a large 35-acre prehistoric site located to the east of the project area, is an extensive surface artifact scatter containing a variety of artifacts, including Desert side-notched and Cottonwood triangular projectile points, lithic debitage, groundstone fragments, stone ornaments, shell, burnt bone, floral and faunal remains, and both prehistoric and historic-era Altair Specific Plan 3.4-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources ceramics (Drover and Pinto, 1991). The site was subject to test excavation in 1988 and 2005, and data recovery excavations in 1991 (Drover 1988; Drover and Pinto 1991; Dice 2001). The excavations revealed a subsurface component containing projectile points, groundstone, stone ornaments, lithic debitage, shell, ceramics, and faunal remains. During construction in 2003, at least 19 full burials and three partial burials were documented (Lesley Irish, personal communication, 2012). Site CA-RIV -2536, located within the Pechanga Reservation to the southeast of the project area, is a multicomponent site that contains a large prehistoric component that has been described as a habitation site consisting of midden soil, bedrock milling features, a cupule rock, fire affected rock, projectile points, and groundstone fragments (Love, 1994). A site update prepared in 1982 notes the presence of humans at the site (Napton 1982). Paleontological Setting According to surficial geological mapping of Tan and Kennedy (2000) at a scale of 1:24,000, the project area is overlain by four geological units from oldest to youngest: Jurassic to Cretaceous metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks (map unit Kjm; approximately 200-66 mya, Cretaceous granodiorite of Rainbow (map unit Kr; 145-66 mya), early Pleistocene fanglomerate facies of the Pauba Formation (map unit Qpf; approximately 1.8 mya-300,000 years ago), and the Early Pleistocene sandstone facies of the Pauba Formation (map unit Qp; approximately 1.8 mya- 300,000 years ago). Immediately adjacent to the project area on the east are Pleistocene older alluvial deposits. In general, the Mesozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks crop out on the western side of the project, the early Pleistocene Pauba Formation fanglomerates are found east of the Mesozoic deposits in the central project area, except in the north, where they contact the eastern project boundary; and the sandstone facies of the Pauba Formation crops out on the eastern side of the project. The Mesozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks mapped within the project area are described by Tan and Kennedy (2000) as follow: the Jurassic to Cretaceous metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks are described as low-grade metamorphic rocks, and the granodiorite of Rainbow is considered a massive, medium to coarse grained with hornblende to biotite mica constituting the mafic minerals. The sedimentary rocks within the project area consist of the fanglomerate facies of the Pauba Formation, which consists of well-lithified, breccia and mudstone that is poorly sorted, and the sandstone facies of the Pauba Formation, which is described as a moderately well-lithified, light brown sandstone and siltstone that is cross-bedded (channel fill) (Tan and Kennedy, 2000). Identification of Cultural Resources within the Project Area EIC Records Search A records search for the project was conducted in 2013, at the Eastern Information Center (EIC) housed at University of California, Riverside. The records search included a review of all recorded archaeological sites and cultural resource reports within a one-mile radius of the project area. The records search also included a review of the National Register of Historic Place (National Register), and the California Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) Historic Property Altair Specific Plan 3.4-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Directory (HPD). Additional archival research was conducted for the project, including a review of all available historic maps and aerial photographs. The records search indicated that a total of 63 cultural resources studies have been conducted within a one-mile radius of the project area. Of these 63 previous studies, five appear to include portions of the project area. Approximately 100 percent of the project area has been included in previous cultural resources surveys. The records search indicated that a total of 52 cultural resources have been previously recorded within the one-mile record search study area (Table 3.4-1). Of the 52 resources, ten (CA-RIV-50, -270, -365,-1071, -1257, -1384, -3980 , -2134, and P-33-11222 and -12520) are prehistoric archaeological sites, four (CA-RIV-1382, -4949, -4747, and P-33-12340) are historic-period archaeological sites, 32 are historic-period built resources (see Table 3.4-1), five (P-33-12742, - 13511, -13712, -13726, and -14928) are prehistoric isolates, and one (P-33-11443) is a prehistoric archaeological district known as the Murrieta Creek Archaeological Area (MCAA). Of these 52 resources, four are located within the project area, including the MCAA (P-33-11443), one prehistoric habitation site located within the MCAA (CA-RIV -270), one prehistoric artifact scatter (CA-RIV -2134), and one prehistoric isolate (P-33-13712)1. TABLE 3.4-1 CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN 1 MILE OF THE PROJECT AREA P- Number (P-33-) Trinomial (CA-RIV-) Other Designation Type Description Date Recorded 000050 50 Temecula Ranch Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric habitation site 1940 000270 270 - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric habitation site 1966 000365 365 - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric habitation site 1965 001071 1071 - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric temporary camp 1976 001257 1257 - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric temporary camp 1973 001382 1382 - Historic-period archaeological site Historic gravesite consisting of wooden head marker 1976 001384 1384 - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric site consisting of one bedrock mortar and one grinding slick 1976 002134 2134* - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric artifact scatter 1982 003980 3980 - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric bedrock milling features 1989 004747 4747 - Historic-period archaeological site Historic-period building foundation 1992 1 In order to protect Native American cultural resources and archaeological resources from unauthorized collection or vandalism, site location information has been redacted from the Draft EIR in accordance with federal and state laws (NHPA, 54 U.S.C. Section 307103; ARPA, 16 U.S.C. Section 470hh; California Government Code Section 6254.10) Altair Specific Plan 3.4-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources TABLE 3.4-1 CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN 1 MILE OF THE PROJECT AREA P- Number (P-33-) Trinomial (CA-RIV-) Other Designation Type Description Date Recorded 004949 4949 - Historic-period archaeological site Historic-period building foundation 1992 007737 - Palomar Hotel Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed hotel constructed in 1915 1982 007738 - First National Bank Historic-period built resource Concrete structure with Classical Revival elements constructed in 1914 1983 007739 - Machado Store Historic-period built resource A vernacular adobe constructed in 1910 1983 007740 - Clogstone Restaurant Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed building constructed in 1932 1983 007741 - Knott’s Garage Historic-period built resource Wood-framed structure constructed in 1910 1983 007742 - - Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 1983 007750 - Welty Hotel Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed structure with a Monterey- style front constructed in 1891 1983 007751 - Alec Escallier House Historic-period built resource Large vernacular wood- framed building with bungalow elements likely constructed in 1927-28 1983 007752 - Friedeman Meat Market Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed structure constructed in 1901 1983 007754 - Immigrant Office Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed structure constructed in 1891 1983 007755 - Saint Catherine’s Church Historic-period built resource Saint Catherine’s Church 1982 007756 - Al Burnam House Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed structure, date of construction unknown 1982 007757 - - Historic-period built resource Bungalow-style residence likely built in 1936 1982 007758 - McConville House Historic-period built resource Vernacular ranch house likely constructed in the early 1890s 1982 007759 - Albert Neinke House Historic-period built resource Craftsman style bungalow likely constructed in the early 1920s 1982 007760 - G.A. Burnham House Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed residence likely constructed in the early 1880s 1982 007761 - - Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 1983 007762 - - Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 1982 Altair Specific Plan 3.4-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources TABLE 3.4-1 CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN 1 MILE OF THE PROJECT AREA P- Number (P-33-) Trinomial (CA-RIV-) Other Designation Type Description Date Recorded 007763 - - Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 1983 007764 - - Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 1983 007765 - Harry Walters House Historic-period built resource Bungalow-style residence likely constructed in the 1930s 1982 007767 - J.D. Welty House Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed residence in 1936 1983 007768 - Delgado House Historic-period built resource Bungalow-style residence likely constructed in 1920 1983 007769 - Arviso House Historic-period built resource Wood-framed single story structure constructed in 1920 2011 007770 - Pujol Schoolhouse Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed structure with Italianate elements constructed prior to 1872 1982 007771 - - Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 1983 007772 - French House Historic-period built resource Vernacular wood-framed residence, date of construction unknown 1982 007773 - Escallier House Historic-period built resource Mediterranean/Spanish Revival residence likely constructed in 1928 1982 007774 - Bill Friedemen House Historic-period built resource Colonial Revival residence likely constructed in 1922 1982 011222 - - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric rock art site 2001 011443* - Murietta Creek Archaeological Area Archaeological district Prehistoric archaeological district consisting of three prehistoric sites (CA-RIV-50, - 270, and -365) 1972 012340 - - Historic-period built resource Railroad tracks 1989 012520 - - Prehistoric archaeological site Prehistoric bedrock milling features 2002 012742 - - Isolate Prehistoric isolate 1988 013135 - - Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 1986 013511 - - Isolate Prehistoric isolate 1982 013712* - - Isolate Prehistoric isolate 1982 013726 - - Isolate Ring of cobbles, likely modern 1976 014392 - - Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 1991 014928 - - Isolate Prehistoric isolate 2006 Altair Specific Plan 3.4-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources TABLE 3.4-1 CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN 1 MILE OF THE PROJECT AREA P- Number (P-33-) Trinomial (CA-RIV-) Other Designation Type Description Date Recorded 019848 - Barron Residence Historic-period built resource Historic-period structure 2011 * Indicates resource is located within the project area SOURCE: EIC, 2013 Resource P-33-11443: This resource is the MCAA, a 230-acre prehistoric archaeological district originally documented in 1972 as consisting of three prehistoric residential sites (CA-RIV-50, - 270, and -365) (King, 1972b). The habitation sites within the MCAA are documented as consisting of extensive midden deposits with associated bedrock mortars and grinding slicks (King, 1972b). Of the three sites, one (CA-RIV -270) is located within the project area. Cremated remains have been exposed within site CA-RIV -50 as a result of erosion and vandals (King, 1972b). Of the three sites, only CA-RIV -50 has been subject to formal subsurface investigation (King, 1972b). A recent Master’s thesis completed by Myra Masiel-Zamora (2013) has synthesized data collected from the Temeku Site (CA-RIV-50). However, the dearth of subsurface investigation at the other two sites makes it difficult to draw conclusions as to whether they represent discrete loci of a single large village, or if they were occupied at separate times throughout prehistory (King, 1972b). Sites CA-RIV-50, -270, and -365 are listed as contributing elements to the National Register-listed MCAA, which in turn is a contributor to the National Register-listed Luiseño Ancestral Origin Landscape (Origin Landscape) Traditional Cultural Property (TCP), described in more detail later in this section. Resource CA-RIV-270: This resource is a prehistoric archaeological site previously documented as consisting of midden deposits, groundstone artifacts, ceramic fragments, lithics, a portable mortar fragment, as well as 20 bedrock milling features (Blackburn 1966; King 1972b; Bowles 1982b). The site measures 130 meters (north-south) by 66 meters (east-west) and has been described as a habitation or occupation site (Blackburn, 1966; Bowles, 1982b). The site is located within the MCAA and is a contributor to the National Register-listed district, and is listed in the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register). Resource CA-RIV-2134: This resource is a prehistoric archaeological site consisting of a secondary lithic reduction scatter (Bowles, 1982c). The site was originally documented in 1982 as measuring 133 meters (north-south) by 70 meters (east-west) and included 26 basalt flakes, one projectile point, two preforms, and one mano (Bowles 1982c). Subsequent documentation of the site in 1988 found that only a single unifacial mano fragment remained within the previously mapped boundaries (Bonner, 1988). This resource has not been previously evaluated for listing in the National Register or California Register. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Resource P-33-13712: This resource is a prehistoric isolate consisting of a mano and hammerstone originally recorded in 1982 (Stropes and Smith, 2013). This resource has not been previously evaluated for listing in the National Register or California Register. Luiseño Ancestral Origin Landscape A portion of the project area is located within the Origin Landscape, a TCP that was officially listed in the National Register on October 30, 2014 under Criteria A, B, C, and D (Macarro, 2014); and by virtue of its National Register eligibility is automatically listed in the California Register. The Origin Landscape TCP is located primarily in southwest Riverside County near the City of Temecula, with a small portion located in northern San Diego County. The area includes 8.39 square miles, encompassing approximately 5,373 acres. The Origin Landscape TCP represents where the Creation of the World occurred and where the Káamalam, Luiseño First People, lived. The Origin Landscape TCP was listed in the National Register under all four criteria (A–D) at the local level of significance in the areas of Religion, Ethnic Heritage, Social History, and Archaeology. The Origin Landscape TCP is eligible under Criterion A as a hilltop associated in oral historical accounts with the founding of the Pechanga and is associated with events significant to the cultural traditions of the Pechanga and the larger Luiseño community. The Origin Landscape TCP is eligible under Criterion B for its association with the tribal prophet Wuyóot and tribal leader Naxáchich. The Origin Landscape TCP is eligible under Criterion C because it derives its importance from being a unified entity whose interconnected resources reflect the cultural narrative. The Origin Landscape TCP is eligible under Criterion D for its potential to yield important ethnographic, archaeological, and historic information about the Luiseño people. The Period of Significance for the Origin Landscape TCP is from the Luiseño Creation to the present (Macarro, 2014). There are 28 contributing resources included in the Origin Landscape TCP: 19 archaeological sites and nine places and landforms that are included in the Pechanga Origin Narrative (Macarro, 2014). The 19 contributing archaeological sites include: P-33 -011222 (petroglyph circles), -012520 (bedrock milling features and cupules), -003063 (bedrock milling feature and lithic debitage), - 004264 (ground stone and lithic scatter), -014892 (rock shelter), -014894 (bedrock milling slick), -014893 (bedrock milling features), -001860 (bedrock milling features and rock shelter), -000116 (pictograph), -007902 (bedrock milling features), -007903 (Magee’s homestead and rock quarry), -007904 (ceramic and artifact scatter), -003330H (Magee adobe site), -014929 (bedrock milling features), -14930 (bedrock milling features), -001071 (midden soil and lithic scatter), -014928 (metate fragment), -012742 (mano fragment), and -012517 (bedrock milling slicks). The MCAA (P-33-011443), which includes sites CA-RIV -50, CA-RIV-270, and CA-RIV-365, is not included as a contributing archaeological site to the TCP. Rather it is considered by the Pechanga to be part of ‘Éxva Teméku, a contributing element of the TCP, and is described below. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources The nine additional contributing resources include places and landforms that are referenced in the Pechanga Origin Narrative. These resources include ‘Éxva Teméku (place where the world was created), the footprints of the Káamalam (rocks with footprints of the First People), Káamalam Pomkí’ (house of the First People), Churúuka (sliding place), Wexéwxi Pu’éska (crying rocks), Táatamay (place where the First People lived when they were first born), Naxáchish (large boulder), Takw$i (place where Naxáchish fell sick and died), and Táavishpa (place where the Temecula Indians settled after they were evicted from their traditional homelands). Historic Map and Aerial Review Historic maps and aerial photographs were examined in order to provide historical information about the project area and to contribute to an assessment of the project area’s archaeological sensitivity. Available historic maps include the 1901 San Luis Rey 30-minute USGS topographic quadrangle and the 1948 and 1968 Temecula 7.5-minute USGS topographic quadrangles. In addition, historic aerial photographs from 1938, 1947, 1967, 1978, 1996, and 2005 (historicaerials.com, 2013) were also examined. The historic topographic maps show the project area was largely undeveloped during the first three-quarters of the twentieth century, whereas the areas immediately west of the project area have seen a significant amount of development. The 1901 San Luis Rey topographic map shows Temecula as well as a generally northwest-southeast oriented road located immediately east of the northern portion of the project area, across Murrieta Creek. A generally northwest-southeast trending railroad line is depicted in the northeastern portion of the project area and a northeast- southwest trending dirt road is indicated in the southern portion of the project area. The 1948 and 1968 Temecula topographic maps show increased development within Temecula. Pujol Street is depicted along the eastern boundary of the northern portion of the project area, and bisecting the southern portion of the project area. A number of structures are indicated on both sides of Pujol Street just outside the boundaries of the northern portion of the project area. The railroad line indicated in the San Luis Rey topographic map is no longer depicted and no development is shown within the project area. The 1938 and 1947 historic aerial photographs show a number of residential structures directly across Murrieta Creek from Old Town Temecula along Pujol Street. The structures are located along the margins of the eastern boundary of the northern portion of the project area. Both photographs also indicate possible agricultural fields located along Pujol Street on the eastern margins of the southern portion of the project area. The 1967 and 1978 aerial photographs show the expansion of residential development along the western boundary of the northern portion of the project area and depict newly graded areas immediately west of Pujol Street. The 1996 map show additional development within the immediate vicinity of the project area. The 1996 photograph shows that residential development extended further south along Pujol Street, and two large graded areas are shown in the northern portion of the project area. In summary, the historic map and aerial photograph review indicates that the project area has seen very little development, while the areas immediately east of the project area have been developed for residential purposes since at least the 1930s. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Native American Contact The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) maintains a confidential Sacred Lands File (SLF) that contains sites of traditional, cultural, or religious value to the Native American community. The NAHC was contacted on August 20, 2013 to request a search of the SLF. The NAHC responded to the request in a letter dated August 22, 2013. The letter indicated that Native American cultural resources are not known to be located within the project area. However, the NAHC stated that there are Native American cultural resources in close proximity to the project area, but did not provide further information on the locations of the resources. On September 5, 2014, the Pechanga submitted a letter to the City via email and mail requesting to consult with the City under Senate Bill (SB) 18 and to be added to the distribution list for the proposed project. On March 11, 2015, the City sent letters via certified mail to the Pechanga, Rincon, Soboba, La Jolla, Pala, Pauma, and San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians inviting them to consult with the City under SB 18 (Appendix L of this Draft EIR). Since that date, the City has engaged in SB 18 consultation with the Pechanga through regular contact, quarterly meetings, and a project field visit (see next paragraph) and the requirements of SB 18 have been satisfied. On January 20, 2015, representatives of the Pechanga, ESA, the City, and the Applicant met onsite in order to discuss additional archaeological investigation in the project area. During the meeting, the Pechanga stated that site CA-RIV -270 is a part of, or associated with, 'Éxva Teméku, the Pechanga’s origin place, and that site CA-RIV -2134 is a tool manufacturing area associated with 'Éxva Teméku. The Pechanga also indicated that a portion of the project area is within the Origin Landscape TCP. Phase I Pedestrian Survey A cultural resources pedestrian survey of the project area was conducted on July 30 and 31, 2012 (Stropes and Smith, 2013). Surveyors systematically examined the project area on foot, with survey transects not exceeding 15 meters (approximately 50 feet). The project area is bounded by existing developments to the east and consists of steep slopes to the west. The entire project area was accessible and subject to an intensive pedestrian survey. Ground surface visibility during the survey was approximately 50 to 60 percent. A number of disturbances were noted during the survey and included dirt road, cultivation, off-road vehicle use, and pedestrian traffic. During the survey, resource CA-RIV -270 was relocated and found to be consistent with previous descriptions. Noted disturbances to the site include repeated “pot hunting” (i.e., unauthorized or illegal collection of artifacts by the public) and erosion. However, the milling features and rock outcrops appeared to be in good condition. The mapped locations of two previously recorded resources (CA-RIV-2134 and P-33-13712) were re-surveyed; however, no surface evidence of either resource was observed. No new cultural resources were identified during the pedestrian survey. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Additional Archaeological Investigation In order to determine whether cultural materials associated with site CA-RIV -270 extend into the proposed area of direct impact (ADI)2, additional archaeological investigation was conducted from June 1-5, 2015 (Ehringer et al., 2015). The investigation included a close-interval survey of site CA-RIV -270 and redocumentation of the site’s surface manifestation and close-interval survey and subsurface testing in portions of the proposed ADI, and included a combination of close-interval survey, shovel scrapes, shovel test pits (STPs), and mechanical trenching in areas of proposed disturbance in closest proximity to site CA-RIV-270 and where geoarchaeological prediction suggested a likelihood of buried archaeological resources. The geoarchaeological review indicated that a combination of the degree of slope and soil type (primarily Escondido fine sandy loam [EcE2]) associated with the upslope areas of the proposed ADI are generally not conducive to the presence of buried archaeological resources. In instances where cultural materials may have been deposited on relatively steep slopes during the period of human occupation in the area, significant quantities of sheet wash are not anticipated to have accumulated to the extent that resources would be deeply buried. These areas are considered low to moderately-low sensitivity for archaeological resources. The review also indicated that a higher likelihood of buried resources might occur along areas of gentler slopes conducive to human habitation and deposition of cultural materials, and soil types (Arlington and Greenfield fine sandy loams [AtD2]), consistent with alluvial deposition. Close-interval survey and a total of 51 shovel scrapes were conducted at site CA-RIV-270. A total of four artifacts (A1-A4), including lithic flakes and a single groundstone fragment, plus a total of nine bedrock milling stations and one cultural feature were documented. Site CA-RIV- 270 was re-recorded and a California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 form update was prepared. Close-interval survey and a total of 132 shovel scrapes were conducted in the proposed ADI. One isolated artifact (Altair-Iso-001, flake) was documented as a result of the survey. Subsurface investigation of the proposed ADI included the excavation of 12 STPs and eight trenches (totaling 350 linear feet). No artifacts were recovered from the STPs. One artifact (Altair-Iso -002, unifacial mano) was recovered during the trenching. The archaeological investigation did not identify any intact subsurface archaeological deposits within the ADI and it does not appear that site CA-RIV-270 extends into the ADI. The lack of identified intact subsurface archaeological materials reduces the likelihood of encountering buried archaeological resources during project implementation, but does not preclude the possibility that archaeological resources may be present in areas not subject to archaeological investigation. The subsurface investigation was limited to a small sample of the entire area of proposed ground disturbance and, in addition, dense vegetation (5–10% ground visibility) throughout most of the project area may have obscured surface evidence of additional archaeological resources on the close-interval survey. 2 A portion of the project proposed for ground disturbance. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Paleontological Resources A paleontological records search conducted by the SBCM on November 16, 2008 (Scott, 2008; In: Kennedy and Wirths, 2013) indicated that no vertebrate fossil localities have been identified within the project area. However, the records search did indicate that over 400 fossil localities have been documented in the vicinity of the project area. These fossil localities are known to occur within the Pauba Formation sandstone facies (Qp) and underlying unnamed sandstone unit. The Pauba Formation sandstone facies is found within the project area. Jefferson (1991a,b) listed mammoth (Mammuthus), mastodon (Mammut), camel (Camelops), bison (Bison), horses (Equus sp.), Tapir (Tapirus), and a multitude of microvertebrates, including, but not limited to, fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gila sp.), frogs (Rana sp., Bufo sp.), lizards (?Uta stansburiana, Eumeces), snakes (?Lampropeltis sp., Crotalidae), birds (Aves), rabbits (Sylvilagus audubonii), and several rodent species from the Pauba Formation near the project site. Given the paleontological resources found within the sandstone facies of the Pauba Formation from areas near to the project, it is considered to have high paleontological sensitivity. The fanglomerate facies of the Pauba Formation has undetermined sensitivity, as no fossils have been reported from this unit; however, depending on the lithology present (fine-grained lenses), this unit may produce significant paleontological resources. Metavolcanic, metasedimentary, and plutonic igneous rocks do not normally yield significant paleontological resources due to the intense heat and pressure associated with their formation. Therefore, Jurassic to Cretaceous metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks and the Cretaceous granodiorite of Rainbow are considered to have low paleontological sensitivity. 3.4.2 Regulatory Framework Cultural Resources Numerous laws and regulations require federal, state, and local agencies to consider the effects a project may have on cultural resources. These laws and regulations stipulate a process for compliance, define the responsibilities of the various agencies proposing the action, and prescribe the relationship among other involved agencies (e.g., State Office of Historic Preservation [OHP] and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation). The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); CEQA; and the California Register, Public Resources Code (PRC) 5024, are the primary federal and state laws governing and affecting preservation of cultural resources of national, state, regional, and local significance. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act Archaeological resources are protected through the NHPA of 1966, as amended (16 USC 470f), and its implementing regulation, Protection of Historic Properties (36 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] Part 800), the Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974, and the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979. Prior to implementing an “undertaking” (e.g., issuing a federal permit), Section 106 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to consider the effects of the undertaking on historic properties (i.e., resources eligible for listing in the National Register) and to afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and the State Historic Altair Specific Plan 3.4-21 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Preservation Officer (SHPO) a reasonable opportunity to comment on any undertaking that would adversely affect properties eligible for listing in the National Register. As indicated in Section 101(d)(6)(A) of the NHPA, properties of traditional religious and cultural importance to a tribe are eligible for inclusion in the National Register. Under the NHPA, a resource is considered significant if it meets the National Register listing criteria at 36 CFR 60.4. Compliance with Section 106 is required whenever a project has a federal nexus, meaning that the project is on federal land, receives federal funds, or is permitted by a federal agency. The Section 106 process also includes provisions for the discovery of cultural resources after a project has undergone the Section 106 review process. These provisions are outlined at 36 CFR Part 800.13 (Post-Review Discoveries) and include the following: (b) Discoveries without prior planning. If historic properties are discovered or unanticipated effects on historic properties found after the agency official has completed the section 106 process without establishing a process under paragraph (a) of this section, the agency official shall make reasonable efforts to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse effects to such properties and: (3) If the agency official has approved the undertaking and construction has commenced, determine actions that the agency official can take to resolve adverse effects, and notify the SHPO/THPO [Tribal Historic Preservation Officer], any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization that might attach religious and cultural significance to the affected property, and the Council within 48 hours of the discovery. The notification shall describe the agency official's assessment of National Register eligibility of the property and proposed actions to resolve the adverse effects. The SHPO/THPO, the Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization and the Council shall respond within 48 hours of the notification. The agency official shall take into account their recommendations regarding National Register eligibility and proposed actions, and then carry out appropriate actions. The agency official shall provide the SHPO/THPO, the Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization and the Council a report of the actions when they are completed. National Register of Historic Places The National Register was established by the NHPA as “an authoritative guide to be used by federal, State, and local governments, private groups and citizens to identify the Nation’s historic resources and to indicate what properties should be considered for protection from destruction or impairment” (Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 36 Section 60.2). The National Register recognizes both historical-period and prehistoric archaeological properties that are significant at the national, state, and local levels. To be eligible for listing in the National Register, a resource must be significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture. Districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects of potential significance must meet one or more of the following four established criteria (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1995): Altair Specific Plan 3.4-22 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources A. Are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. B. Are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. C. Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. D. Have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Unless the property possesses exceptional significance, it must be at least 50 years old to be eligible for National Register listing (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1995). In addition to meeting the criteria of significance, a property must have integrity. Integrity is defined as “the ability of a property to convey its significance” (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1995). The National Register recognizes seven qualities that, in various combinations, define integrity: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. To retain historic integrity, a property must possess several, and usually most, of these seven aspects. Thus, the retention of the specific aspects of integrity is paramount for a property to convey its significance. Traditional Cultural Properties A TCP is defined as a property that is “eligible for inclusion in the National Register because of its association with cultural practices or beliefs of a living community that (a) are rooted in that community’s history, and (b) are important in maintaining the continuing cultural identity of the community” (U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service Cultural Resources, National Register Bulletin 38, Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Properties, page 1). Bulletin 38 states that the term “Traditional” is used to describe those “beliefs, customs, and practices of a living community of people that have been passed down through the generations, usually orally or through practice.” Bulletin 38 uses the National Register definition of “culture” to mean “the traditions, beliefs, practices, lifeways, arts, crafts, and social institutions of any community, be it an Indian tribe, a local ethnic group, or the people of the nation as a whole.” Bulletin 38 states that “[t]he traditional cultural significance of a historic property … is significance derived from the role the property plays in a community’s historically rooted beliefs, customs, and practices. Examples of properties possessing such significance include: • a location associated with the traditional beliefs of a Native American group about its origins, its cultural history, or the nature of the world; • a rural community whose organization, buildings and structures, or patterns of land use reflect the cultural traditions valued by its long-term residents; • an urban neighborhood that is the traditional home of a particular cultural group, and that reflects its beliefs and practices; Altair Specific Plan 3.4-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources • a location where Native American religious practitioners have historically gone, and are known or thought to go today, to perform ceremonial activities in accordance with traditional cultural rules of practice; and • a location where a community has traditionally carried out economic, artistic, or other cultural practices important in maintaining its historical identity.” In addition, traditional cultural landscapes may be considered a TCP and may be eligible for listing in the National Register based on their traditional cultural significance (ACHP, 2009). Traditional cultural landscapes may comprise districts, buildings, structures, sites, and objects, or a combination of these property types. Bulletin 38 provides guidance for evaluating TCPs as eligible for listing in the National Register. To be eligible, a TCP must meet the definitions of a tangible property; must demonstrate “integrity of relationship” between the property and the beliefs or practices that may give it significance; and must possess “integrity of condition” such that the relevant relationships between the property and the beliefs or practices that give it significance survive. Only after ensuring that an entity is a property and demonstrating that it retains integrity, is it necessary to evaluate it against the four National Register Criteria for eligibility. California Register of Historical Resources The California Register is “an authoritative listing and guide to be used by State and local agencies, private groups, and citizens in identifying the existing historical resources of the State and to indicate which resources deserve to be protected, to the extent prudent and feasible, from substantial adverse change” (PRC Section 5024.1[a]). The criteria for eligibility for the California Register are based upon National Register criteria (PRC Section 5024.1[b]). Certain resources are determined by the statute to be automatically included in the California Register, including California properties formally determined eligible for, or listed in, the National Register. To be eligible for the California Register, a prehistoric or historic-period property must be significant at the local, state, and/or federal level under one or more of the following four criteria: 1. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage. 2. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past. 3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values. 4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. A resource eligible for the California Register must meet one of the criteria of significance described above, and retain enough of its historic character or appearance (integrity) to be recognizable as a historical resource and to convey the reason for its significance. It is possible Altair Specific Plan 3.4-24 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources that a historic resource may not retain sufficient integrity to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register, but it may still be eligible for listing in the California Register. Additionally, the California Register consists of resources that are listed automatically and those that must be nominated through an application and public hearing process. The California Register automatically includes the following: • California properties listed on the National Register and those formally determined eligible for the National Register. • California Registered Historical Landmarks from No. 770 onward. • Those California Points of Historical Interest that have been evaluated by the OHP and have been recommended to the State Historical Commission for inclusion on the California Register. Other resources that may be nominated to the California Register include: • Historical resources with a significance rating of Category 3 through 5 (those properties identified as eligible for listing in the National Register, the California Register, and/or a local jurisdiction register). • Individual historical resources. • Historical resources contributing to historic districts. • Historical resources designated or listed as local landmarks, or designated under any local ordinance, such as a historic preservation overlay zone. California Environmental Quality Act CEQA is the principal statute governing environmental review of projects occurring in the state and is codified at PRC Section 21000 et seq. CEQA requires lead agencies to determine if a proposed project would have a significant effect on the environment, including significant effects on historical or unique archaeological resources. Under CEQA (Section 21084.1), a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment. An archaeological resource may qualify as an “historical resource” under CEQA. The CEQA Guidelines (Title 14 California Code of Regulations [CCR] Section 15064.5) recognize that an historical resource includes: (1) a resource listed in, or determined to be eligible by the State Historical Resources Commission, for listing in the California Register; (2) a resource included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in PRC Section 5020.1(k) or identified as significant in a historical resource survey meeting the requirements of PRC Section 5024.1(g); and (3) any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which a lead agency determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California by the lead agency, provided the lead agency’s determination is supported by substantial evidence in light of the whole record. The fact that a resource does not meet the three Altair Specific Plan 3.4-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources criteria outlined above does not preclude the lead agency from determining that the resource may be a historical resource as defined in PRC Sections 5020.1(j) or 5024.1. If a lead agency determines that an archaeological site is a historical resource, the provisions of Section 21084.1 of CEQA and Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines apply. If a project may cause a substantial adverse change (defined as physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially impaired) in the significance of an historical resource, the lead agency must identify potentially feasible measures to mitigate these effects (CEQA Guidelines Sections 15064.5(b)(1), 15064.5(b)(4)). If an archaeological site does not meet the criteria for a historical resource contained in the CEQA Guidelines, then the site may be treated in accordance with the provisions of Section 21083, which is a unique archaeological resource. As defined in Section 21083.2 of CEQA a “unique” archaeological resource is an archaeological artifact, object, or site, about which it can be clearly demonstrated that without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria: • Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and there is a demonstrable public interest in that information; • Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of its type; or, • Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person. If an archaeological site meets the criteria for a unique archaeological resource as defined in Section 21083.2, then the site is to be treated in accordance with the provisions of Section 21083.2, which state that if the lead agency determines that a project would have a significant effect on unique archaeological resources, the lead agency may require reasonable efforts be made to permit any or all of these resources to be preserved in place (Section 21083.1(a)). If preservation in place is not feasible, mitigation measures shall be required. The CEQA Guidelines note that if an archaeological resource is neither a unique archaeological nor a historical resource, the effects of the project on those resources shall not be considered a significant effect on the environment (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(c)(4)). Senate Bill 18 SB 18 (Statutes of 2004, Chapter 905), which went into effect January 1, 2005, requires local governments (city and county) to consult with Native American tribes before making certain planning decisions and to provide notice to tribes at certain key points in the planning process. The intent is to “provide California Native American tribes an opportunity to participate in local land use decisions at an early planning stage, for the purpose of protecting, or mitigating impacts to, cultural places” (Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, 2005). The City of Temecula Altair Specific Plan 3.4-26 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources sent consultation letters to the tribes on March 11, 2015 in fulfillment of SB 18 requirements (Appendix L of this Draft EIR). The purpose of involving tribes at these early planning stages is to allow consideration of cultural places in the context of broad local land use policy, before individual site-specific, project-level, land use designations are made by a local government. The consultation requirements of SB 18 apply to general plan or specific plan processes proposed on or after March 1, 2005. According to the Tribal Consultation Guidelines: Supplement to General Plan Guidelines (Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, 2005), the following are the contact and notification responsibilities of local governments: • Prior to the adoption or any amendment of a general plan or specific plan, a local government must notify the appropriate tribes (on the contact list maintained by the NAHC) of the opportunity to conduct consultations for the purpose of preserving, or mitigating impacts to, cultural places located on land within the local government’s jurisdiction that is affected by the proposed plan adoption or amendment. Tribes have 90 days from the date on which they receive notification to request consultation, unless a shorter timeframe has been agreed to by the tribe (Government Code §65352.3). • Prior to the adoption or substantial amendment of a general plan or specific plan, a local government must refer the proposed action to those tribes that are on the NAHC contact list and have traditional lands located within the city or county’s jurisdiction. The referral must allow a 45-day comment period (Government Code §65352). Notice must be sent regardless of whether prior consultation has taken place. Such notice does not initiate a new consultation process. • Local government must send a notice of a public hearing, at least 10 days prior to the hearing, to tribes who have filed a written request for such notice (Government Code §65092). Assembly Bill 52 Assembly Bill (AB) 52 (Chapter 532, Statutes of 2014) requires lead agencies to consider the effects of projects on tribal cultural resources and to conduct consultation with federally and non- federally recognized Native American Tribes early in the environmental planning process. AB 52 applies specifically to projects for which a Notice of Preparation (NOP) or a notice of Negative Declaration or Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) will be filed on or after July 1, 2015. The goal of AB 52 is to include California Tribes in determining whether a project may result in a significant impact to tribal cultural resources that may be undocumented or known only to the Tribe and its members. This bill specifies that a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource (sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American Tribe) is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment. AB 52 defines tribal cultural resources as “sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American Tribe” that are either included or determined to be eligible for Altair Specific Plan 3.4-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources inclusion in the California Register or included in a local register of historical resources (PRC § 21074 (a)(1)). AB 52 requires that prior to determining whether a Negative Declaration, MND, or Environmental Impact Report (EIR) is prepared for a project, the lead agency must consult with California Native American Tribes, defined as those identified on the contact list maintained by the NAHC, who are traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of the proposed project, and who have requested such consultation in writing. The following is what the scope of consultation may include according to PRC §21080.3.2(a): • The type of environmental review necessary • The significance of tribal cultural resources • The significance of the project’s impacts on the tribal cultural resources • Project alternatives or the appropriate measures for preservation • Recommended mitigation measures • AB 52 outlines the required procedures concerning consultation AB 52 outlines the required procedures concerning consultation (PRC §21080.3.1(d) and (e)) including the initiation and conclusion of consultation. Consultation should be initiated by a lead agency within 14 days of determining that an application for a project is complete or that a decision by a public agency to undertake a project. The lead agency shall provide formal notification to the designated contact of, or a tribal representative of, traditionally and culturally affiliated California Native American Tribes that have requested notice. At the very least the notice should consist of at least one written notification that includes a brief description of the proposed project and its location, the lead agency contact information, and a notification that the California Native American Tribe has 30 days to request consultation pursuant to this section. The lead agency shall begin the consultation process within 30 days of receiving a California Native American Tribe’s request for consultation. According to PRC §21080.3.2(b), consultation is considered concluded when either the parties agree to measures to mitigate or avoid a significant effect, if a significant effect exists, on a tribal cultural resource, or a party, acting in good faith and after reasonable effort, concludes that mutual agreement cannot be reached. City of Temecula General Plan The City of Temecula’s General Plan, Open Space/Conservation Element (2005), contains the following cultural resources goals, policies, and implementation programs relevant to this project: Goal 6: Preservation of significant historical and cultural resources. Policy 6.1: Maintain an inventory of areas with archaeological/paleontological sensitivity, and historic sites in the Planning Area. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-28 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Policy 6.2: Work to preserve or salvage potential archeological and paleontological resources on sites proposed for future development through the development review and mitigation monitoring processes. Policy 6.4: Assist property owners in seeking State and/or federal registration and appropriate zoning for historic sites and assets. Policy 6.8: Support an integrated approach to historic preservation in coordination with other affected jurisdictions, agencies, and organizations for areas within the Planning Area and surrounding region that seeks to establish linkages between historic sites or buildings with other historic features such as roads, trails, ridges, and seasonal waterways. Policy 6.9: Encourage the preservation and re-use of historic structures, landscape features, roads, landmark trees, and trails. Policy 6.10: Work with the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians to identify and appropriately address cultural resources and tribal sacred sites through the development review process. Policy 6.11: Encourage voluntary landowner efforts to protect cultural resource and tribal sacred sites consistent with State requirements. Implementation Program OS-26: Development Review Process. Use the development and environmental review process to: • Ensure that appropriate archaeological and paleontological surveying and documentation of findings is provided prior to project approval. • Require effective mitigation where development may affect archaeological or paleontological resources. • Require that an archaeologist or paleontologist be retained to observe grading activities in areas where the probable presence of archaeological or paleontological resources is identified. • Enforce CEQA provisions regarding preservation or salvage of significant archaeological and paleontological sites discovered during construction activities. • Require monitoring of new development and reporting to the City on completion of mitigation and resource protection measures. Implementation Program OS-27: Historic Preservation Program. Continue to implement a historic preservation ordinance in the Old Town area to protect historically significant buildings, sites, road/trails, and other landscape elements, and to encourage their reuse, where appropriate. Consider adopting an ordinance to address preservation of other historic resources. Encourage owners of local sites to apply for recognition in the State Historic Resources Inventory, as Riverside County Landmarks, as State Point of Historic Interest, as State Landmarks, and as sites on the National Register of Historic Places, as deemed necessary. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-29 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Implementation Program OS-39: Tribal Cultural Resources. Development projects proposed on previously undeveloped property which involve earth-disturbing activities or which are located in areas with previously identified cultural resources need to comply with the following requirements to appropriately address tribal cultural resources: • All projects shall be evaluated by a qualified archeologist by conducting a site records search, and if feasible, a Phase I walkover survey, and if necessary, a Phase II survey prior to project approval to identify the potential for the presence of significant cultural resources. • If significant resources are located on the project site, or a high probability for cultural resources exists, the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians shall be consulted in the identification of mitigation measures to address impacts consistent with State requirements, including provisions to address inadvertent discoveries. • During onsite grading activities in areas with cultural resources, or with a high potential for cultural resources, a qualified archeologist and tribal monitors shall be onsite to monitor grading operations. • In the event of the discovery of a burial site, human bone or suspected human bone, grading in the immediate area shall be immediately halted, the site protected, and the County Coroner and representatives from Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians notified. Paleontological Resources Federal A variety of federal statutes specifically address paleontological resources. They are generally applicable to a project if that project includes federally owned or federally managed lands or involves a federal agency license, permit, approval, or funding. Federal legislative protection for paleontological resources stems from the Antiquities Act of 1906 (PL 59-209; 16 United States Code 431 et. seq.; 34 Stat. 225), which calls for protection of historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest on federal lands. The most recent federal legislation protecting paleontological resources is the Paleontological Resources Preservation Act (Title VI, Subtitle D of the Omnibus Land Management Act of 2009), which furthers the protection of paleontological resources on federal lands by criminalizing the unauthorized removal of fossils. State Paleontological resources are also afforded protection by CEQA. Appendix G (Part V) of the CEQA Guidelines provides guidance relative to significant impacts on paleontological resources, stating that a project will normally result in a significant impact on the environment if it will “…disrupt or adversely affect a paleontologic resource or site or unique geologic feature, except as part of a scientific study.” PRC Section 5097.5 specifies that any unauthorized removal of paleontological remains is a misdemeanor. Further, the California Penal Code Section 622.5 sets the penalties for the damage or removal of paleontological resources. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-30 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources City of Temecula General Plan The City of Temecula’s General Plan, Open Space/Conservation Element (2005), addresses the following paleontological resources goals, policies, and implementation programs relevant to this project (see Goal 6, Policy 6.1 and 6.2 and Implementation Program OS-26 above). Professional Standards The Society for Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) has established standard guidelines for acceptable professional practices in the conduct of paleontological resource assessments and surveys, monitoring and mitigation, data and fossil recovery, sampling procedures, and specimen preparation, identification, analysis, and curation (SVP, 2010). Most practicing professional paleontologists in the nation adhere closely to the SVP’s assessment, mitigation, and monitoring requirements as specifically provided in its standard guidelines. Most California State regulatory agencies accept the SVP standard guidelines as a measure of professional practice. 3.4.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, cultural resources impacts would be considered significant if the project would: • Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as defined in Section 15064.5; • Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to Section 15064.5; • Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature; or • Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. CEQA provides that a project may cause a significant environmental effect where the project could result in a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource (Public Resources Code, Section 21084.1). CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5 defines a “substantial adverse change” in the significance of a historical resource to mean physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of a historical resource would be “materially impaired” (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5[b][1]). CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(b)(2), defines “materially impaired” for purposes of the definition of “substantial adverse change” as follows: The significance of a historical resource is materially impaired when a project: Altair Specific Plan 3.4-31 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources • Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for, inclusion in the California Register; or • Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to Section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or its identification in an historical resources survey meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of evidence that the resource is not historically or culturally significant; or • Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of a historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for inclusion in the California Register as determined by a lead agency for purposes of CEQA. In accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(b)(3), a project that follows the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings or Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings is considered to have mitigated impacts to historic resources to a less-than-significant level. In addition, AB 52 requires that a project’s impact to tribal cultural resources be assessed. However, since the NOP for the proposed project was issued prior to July 1, 2015, this project is not subject to the provisions of AB 52. Impacts Historical and Archaeological Resources Seven cultural resources (Origin Landscape TCP; P-33-11443 and -13712; CA-RIV-270 and - 2134; and Altair-Iso-001 and -002) have been identified in the project area. Origin Landscape TCP The National-Register-listed Origin Landscape TCP encompasses a portion of the project area and is considered a historical resource under CEQA. Impacts to those physical characteristics (contributing elements) that convey the TCP’s historical significance could result in a significant impact to the historical resource identified as the Origin Landscape TCP. Of the 28 contributing elements, only one, ‘Éxva Teméku, encompasses a portion of the project area. One contributing element of ‘Éxva Teméku is within this area (CA-RIV-270 – part of the MCAA). As discussed above, testing determined that site CA-RIV-270 (contributing element of ‘Éxva Teméku) is outside the ADI and will not be disturbed. Therefore, the project would not result in a substantial adverse change (i.e. demolish or materially alter in a manner those physical characteristics of a historical resource that convey its historical significance) to any of the contributing elements of the TCP, and the project would not result in a significant impact to the historical resource identified as the Origin Landscape TCP. Should resources associated with the Origin Landscape Altair Specific Plan 3.4-32 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources TCP be discovered during project implementation, impacts to these resources could result in a significant impact under CEQA. CA-RIV-270 Resource P-33-11443 (MCAA) is listed in the National Register and site CA-RIV-270 (prehistoric habitation site) is a contributor to the MCAA, therefore both P-33-11443 and CA- RIV-270 are considered historical resources under CEQA. As described above, site CA-RIV-270 is outside the ADI and will not be disturbed. As such, the project would not impact resources CA- RIV-270 and P-33-11443 (MCAA). Should resources associated with P-33-11443 or CA-RIV - 270 be discovered during project implementation, impacts to these resources could result in a significant impact under CEQA. CA-RIV-2134 and P-33-13712 Resource CA-RIV-2134 has not been formally evaluated for listing in the National Register or California Register. The area where ground disturbance is proposed for site CA-RIV-2134 has been previously graded up to 10 feet in depth and original ground surface is no longer extant. The remainder of the site appears to have been subject to some amount of previous ground disturbance as well, though exact depths are unknown. Regardless, this area would not be subject to future ground disturbance and would instead be covered by 15 feet of fill. Therefore, no impacts to site CA-RIV -2134 are anticipated as a result of the project. Resource P-33-13712 could not be relocated during the 2013 survey, nonetheless, as an isolate it would not be considered eligible for listing in the California Register, or otherwise meet CEQA’s definitions for historical resources or unique archaeological resources. Altair-Iso-001 and Altair-Iso-002 Resources Altair-Iso-001 (flake) and Altair-Iso-002 (unifacial mano) were documented and collected as part of the archaeological investigation and will be returned to the Pechanga for permanent curation. While the Pechanga maintain that single artifacts are associated with larger village sites and reflect habitation of the region, by definition, isolates are not eligible for listing in the California Register, and do not otherwise meet CEQA’s definitions for historical resources or unique archaeological resources. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Impact CUL-1: The project area is considered moderately to highly sensitive for cultural resources. In addition, a portion of the project area is within the Origin Landscape TCP, one of the most sacred areas for the Pechanga Tribe. The lack of identified intact subsurface archaeological materials reduces the likelihood of encountering buried archaeological resources during project implementation, but does not preclude the possibility that archaeological resources may be present in areas not subject to archaeological investigation. In the event that archaeological resources are inadvertently encountered during project implementation, disturbances to such resources could result in a substantial adverse change to historical resources as defined by CEQA. Disturbances to archaeological resources would require consideration of impacts to any archaeological resources individually and as contributors to the larger National Altair Specific Plan 3.4-33 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Register-listed archaeological district (P-33-11443 – MCAA), as well as consideration as contributors to the National Register-listed Origin Landscape TCP. The following mitigation measures shall be implemented. The project applicant shall be responsible for the implementation of the measures and the City shall ensure applicant compliance with the measures. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-1a – Retention of a Qualified Archaeologist: Prior to issuance of a grading permit and prior to the start of any ground disturbing activity, the applicant shall retain a qualified archaeologist, defined as an archaeologist meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archaeology (Department of the Interior, 2012), to carry out all mitigation measures related to archaeological resources. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-1b – Cultural Resources Sensitivity Training: The qualified archeologist, or an archaeologist working under the direction of the qualified archaeologist, shall conduct preconstruction cultural resources sensitivity training to inform construction personnel of the types of cultural resources that may be encountered, and of the proper procedures to be enacted in the event of an inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources or human remains. The applicant shall ensure that construction personnel are made available for and attend the training and shall retain documentation demonstrating attendance. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-1c – Archaeological and Native American Monitoring and Resurvey of the South Parcel: Prior to issuance of a grading permit and prior to the start of any vegetation removal or ground disturbing activity, a qualified archaeological monitor and Native American monitor shall be retained by the applicant to monitor ground disturbing activities including, but not limited to, brush clearance and grubbing, grading, trenching, excavation, and the construction of fencing and access roads. The archaeological and Native American monitors shall re-survey the South Parcel involving ground disturbance, after vegetation removal and grubbing and prior to other ground disturbing activities. This will ensure that previously undocumented resources obscured by thick brush can be identified and appropriate treatment measures for the resources can be developed. Archaeological monitoring shall be conducted by an archaeologist familiar with the types of historic and prehistoric resources that could be encountered within the project, and under direct supervision of the qualified archaeologist. If ground disturbing activities occur simultaneous in two or more locations located more than 500 feet apart, additional archaeological and Native American monitors may be required. The archaeological and Native American monitors shall keep daily logs. After monitoring has been completed, the qualified archaeologist shall prepare a monitoring report that details the results of monitoring, which shall be submitted to the City, Pechanga, and to the Eastern Information Center at the University of California, Riverside. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-1d – Unanticipated Discovery: If cultural resources are encountered during the course of ground disturbing activities, the applicant shall cease any ground disturbing activities within 100 feet of the find until it can be evaluated by the qualified archaeologist, who shall inspect the find within 24 hours of discovery. The qualified Altair Specific Plan 3.4-34 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources archaeologist, the archaeological monitor, and/or Native American monitor shall be empowered to halt or redirect ground disturbing activities away from the vicinity of the find until it has been assessed for significance. The qualified archaeologist, in consultation with the applicant and the Pechanga Tribe, shall assess the significance of discovered resources. If it is determined that the discovery constitutes a significant resource (i.e., a historical resource or unique archaeological resource pursuant to CEQA or historic property pursuant to Section 106 of the NHPA), preservation in place shall be the preferred manner of mitigation. Preservation in place may be accomplished by, but is not limited to, avoidance, incorporating the resource into open space, capping, or deeding the site into a permanent conservation easement. In the event that preservation in place is demonstrated to be infeasible and data recovery through excavation is determined to be the only feasible mitigation option, a treatment plan shall be prepared and implemented by the qualified archaeologist, in consultation with the applicant and the Pechanga Tribe. The treatment plan shall provide for the adequate recovery of the scientifically consequential information contained in the archaeological resource. The Pechanga Tribe shall be consulted to ensure that cultural values ascribed to the resource, beyond that which is scientifically important, are considered. The treatment plan shall also provide for the analysis, reporting, and curation/disposition of resources. If the applicant, qualified archaeologist, and Pechanga Tribe cannot agree on the significance or the mitigation for resources, these issues shall be presented to the City Community Development Director for decision. The City Community Development Director shall make the determination based on the provisions of CEQA with respect to archaeological resources and shall take into account the religious beliefs, customs, and practices of the Pechanga Tribe. Notwithstanding any other rights available under the law, the decision of the City Community Development Director shall be appealable to the City Planning Commission and/or City Council. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers shall also be notified within 24 hours of the discovery and afforded the opportunity to determine whether the discovery requires addressing under Section 106 Post-Review Discoveries provisions provided in 36 CFR 800.13, and invited to participate in the discussion of significance, mitigation, and/or treatment of resources. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Paleontological Resources The project area is underlain by Jurassic to Cretaceous metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, Cretaceous granodiorites, and the Pauba Formation (both the fanglomerate and sandstone facies). Although the Jurassic to Cretaceous metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, Cretaceous granodiorite of Rainbow, and Pauba Formation fanglomerate have a low sensitivity for paleontological resources, the Pauba Formation sandstone facies is considered to have high sensitivity and the Pauba Formation fanglomerate is considered to have undetermined sensitivity per the SVP guidelines. The paleontological records search (see Kennedy and Wirths, 2013) and the research conducted for this analysis indicate that fossil localities have been documented in the vicinity of the project area. Temecula’s General Plan (Implementation Program OS-26) requires that a paleontologist be retained to observe grading activities in areas where the probable presence of unique paleontological resources or sites or unique geologic features is identified. Altair Specific Plan 3.4-35 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources Impact CUL-2: The potential exists for unique paleontological resources to be located beneath the ground surface in the project area, specifically within the sandstone facies of the Pauba Formation (Qp), which has high sensitivity for paleontological resources. Construction activities could result in the inadvertent discovery and damage of these paleontological resources, which would be a significant impact. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-2a – Paleontological Resource Impact Mitigation Program (PRIMP): The applicant shall implement the paleontological mitigation program outlined in the PRIMP (Kennedy and Wirths, 2013) during project implementation. The PRIMP requires paleontological monitoring of mapped exposures of the sandstone facies of the Pauba Formation (Qp) as shown on Attachment 3a of the PRIMP. In addition, because the fanglomerate facies of the Pauba Formation is considered to have undetermined potential to yield significant paleontological resources, initial excavations into the unit shall be spot-checked by a qualified paleontologist (defined as a paleontologist meeting the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology Standards, 2010) to determine if the lithology of the geological unit is conducive to the preservation of unique paleontological resources. The qualified paleontologist shall also contribute to any construction worker cultural resources sensitivity training, either in person or via a module provided to the qualified archaeologist. Monitoring shall be conducted by a qualified paleontologist, or a monitor working under the direct supervision of a qualified paleontologist. Monitors shall have the authority to temporarily halt or divert work away from exposed fossils in order to recover the fossil specimens. The qualified paleontologist, based on observations of subsurface soil stratigraphy or other factors, may reduce or discontinue monitoring, as warranted, if the qualified paleontologist determines that the possibility of encountering fossiliferous deposits is low. Monitors shall prepare daily logs detailing the types of activities and soils observed, and any discoveries. Any fossils recovered shall be prepared to the point of identification and curated at an accredited facility. The qualified paleontologist shall prepare a final monitoring and mitigation report to be submitted to the City and filed with the local repository. Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-2b – Unanticipated Paleontological Resources Discoveries: If construction or other project personnel discover any potential fossils during construction, regardless of the depth of work, work at the discovery location shall cease until the qualified paleontologist has assessed the discovery and made recommendations as to the appropriate treatment. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Human Remains While no formal cemeteries or the presence of human remains have been documented within the project area, human remains have been recovered from other sites in the vicinity of the project. Since the nature of the proposed project would involve ground-disturbing activities, it is possible Altair Specific Plan 3.4-36 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.4 Cultural Resources that such actions could unearth, expose, or disturb previously unknown human remains interred outside of a formal cemetery. Impact CUL-3: Because the proposed project would involve ground-disturbing activities, it is possible that such actions could unearth, expose, or disturb previously unknown human remains interred outside of a formal cemetery. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-3 – Human Remains: If human remains are uncovered during project construction, the applicant shall immediately halt work and follow the procedures and protocols set forth in Section 15064.5(e) of the CEQA Guidelines, which require compliance with Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and Public Resources Code Section 5097.98 (as amended by AB 2641). The applicant shall immediately contact the Riverside County Coroner to evaluate the remains. If the County Coroner determines that the remains are Native American, the County Coroner shall notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) within 24 hours to relinquish jurisdiction. The NAHC shall designate a Most Likely Descendant (MLD) for the remains, who shall have 48 hours from the time of being granted access to the site to provide recommendations to the landowner for the means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and any associated grave goods. Until the landowner has discussed and conferred with the MLD, the landowner shall ensure that the immediate vicinity where the discovery occurred is not subject to further disturbances, is adequately protected according to generally accepted cultural and archaeological standards, and that further activities take into account the possibility of multiple burials. In the event that no MLD is identified, or if the MLD fails to make a recommendation for disposition, or if the landowner rejects the recommendation of the MLD and mediation with the NAHC fails to provide measures acceptable to the landowner, the landowner may reinter the remains and associated grave goods with appropriate dignity on the property in a location not subject to further disturbance. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.4-37 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity This section identifies geologic, soil, and seismic features within the project site and vicinity, and provides an evaluation of the potential for the project to result in geology, soils, and seismic impacts. Much of the following information is based on the geotechnical investigation prepared by LGC Geo-Environmental, Inc. (LGC) for the project site (LGC, 2014). The investigation report is included in Appendix D of this Environmental Impact Report (EIR). 3.5.1 Environmental Setting Regional Geology The project area is located just east of the Santa Ana Mountains in the geologic province known as the Peninsular Ranges province. The Peninsular Ranges province encompasses an area that extends approximately 900 miles from the Transverse Ranges and the Los Angeles Basin south to the southern tip of Baja California. The province varies in width from approximately 30 to 100 miles. In general, the province consists of rugged mountains underlain by volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and igneous rocks of the Southern California Batholith (granitic rocks that constitute the core of many mountain ranges in western North America and underlie large portions of southern California). The Santa Ana Mountains consist primarily of these granitic or crystalline rocks that are overlain by younger sedimentary rocks. The Peninsular Ranges province is traversed by a group of subparallel faults and fault zones trending roughly northwest. Several of these faults are considered active faults. The Elsinore, San Jacinto, Whittier and San Andreas faults are active fault systems located in the region of the project.1 Site Geology and Soils The project is located within what is referred to as the Elsinore Trough, which is a sedimentary basin located between the active Wildomar fault and the older Willard fault, which are branches of the Elsinore fault zone. The movement along these two faults has caused the area between to drop lower, which over time has filled with a thick sequence of alluvial continental sediments. The project area is characterized by a series of east-west trending natural slopes, low rolling hills, and associated canyons and drainages that range in elevation from 1,016 to 1,468 feet above mean sea level. According to data compiled in the geotechnical investigation prepared for the project, the site is primarily underlain by recent alluvium, bedrock associated with the Pauba Formation, the Bedford Canyon formation, and granodiorite (an igneous rock) at depth (LGC, 2014). Undocumented artificial fills were observed in localized areas throughout the site as well as some compacted fills associated with previous developments. 1 An “active” fault is defined by the State of California as a fault that has had surface displacement within Holocene time (approximately the last 11,000 years). A “potentially active” fault is defined as a fault that has shown evidence of surface displacement during the Quaternary (last 1.6 million years), unless direct geologic evidence demonstrates inactivity for all of the Holocene or longer. This definition does not, of course, mean that faults lacking evidence of surface displacement are necessarily inactive. “Sufficiently active” is also used to describe a fault if there is some evidence that Holocene displacement occurred on one or more of its segments or branches (Hart, 2007). Altair Specific Plan 3.5-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity The alluvial materials consisted primarily of silty sands, sandy silts and occasional layers of clayey to gravelly sand (LGC, 2014). Colluvium, loose unconsolidated materials that have usually been deposited through gravitational forces at the base of slopes, and topsoil are found throughout the site and consist of silty sand with abundant gravel and cobbles. Clayey to silty sandstones from the Pauba Formation are found along the western flanks of the foothills. The Bedford Formation underlies the Pauba Formation and consists of light to dark gray highly weathered siltstones. Granodiorite deposits are found at depth and exposed at the surface within the southern portions of the project site and in the bottoms of some canyons. Seismicity Surface Fault Rupture Seismically induced ground rupture is defined as the physical displacement of surface deposits in response to an earthquake’s seismic waves. The magnitude, sense, and nature of fault rupture can vary for different faults or even along different strands of the same fault. Ground rupture is considered more likely along active faults such as the Wildomar and Willard fault segments, but does not necessarily occur with every seismic event. Neither of these fault segments intersect the project area and the and the nearest active fault, the Temecula-Elsinore Fault system, is located approximately 0.5 miles from the site (LGC, 2014) (See Figure 3.5-1). No Alquist-Priolo Fault Rupture Hazard Zone, as designated through the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act is known to intersect the project area. Groundshaking Richter magnitude (M) is a measure of the size of an earthquake as recorded by a seismograph, a standard instrument that records groundshaking at the location of the instrument. The reported Richter magnitude for an earthquake represents the highest amplitude measured by the seismograph at a distance of 100 kilometers from the epicenter. Richter magnitudes vary logarithmically with each whole number step representing a tenfold increase in the amplitude of the recorded seismic waves. Earthquake magnitudes are also measured by their Moment Magnitude, which is related to the physical characteristics of a fault including the rigidity of the rock, the size of fault rupture, and movement or displacement across a fault (CGS, 2002). Ground movement during an earthquake can vary depending on the overall magnitude, distance to the fault, focus of earthquake energy, and type of geologic material. The composition of underlying soils, even those relatively distant from faults, can intensify groundshaking. For this reason, earthquake intensities are also measured in terms of their observed effects at a given locality. The intensities of an earthquake will vary over the region of a fault and generally decrease with distance from the epicenter of the earthquake. Altair Specific Plan 3.5-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Altair Specific Plan Project . 140106Figure 3.5-1Alquist Priolo Zones SOURCE: ESRI; CGS ¨§¦15 ¨§¦15¨§¦5 ¨§¦21 5 Bonsall Rainbow Temecula Murrieta Wildomar Fallbrook Canyon Lake Lake Elsinore R I V E R S I D ERIVERSIDE S A N D I E G OSAN D I E G O O R A N G EORANGE Project Location Alquist Priolo Zones Project Site 0 1,200 Feet 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity The Elsinore fault zone is composed of multiple fault segments and diverging fault traces or splays. The Elsinore Trough is formed by the Wildomar and Willard fault segments of the Elsinore fault zone which are located relatively near the project area. Other active faults in the region include the Elsinore-Glen Ivy fault (5 miles north), and the San Jacinto fault (22 miles east). The San Jacinto fault is thought to be the most active of the regional faults. The Newport- Inglewood fault segment is located offshore approximately 30 miles southwest of the site. (The largest fault in California, the San Andreas Fault, is located approximately 40 miles northeast of the site and is capable of producing a magnitude 8.3 or larger earthquake. While the potential damage from a magnitude 8.3 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault would likely produce the greatest damage nearer to the epicenter, some effects could be experienced within the project area. Landslides and Slope Failure Landslides, or slope failures, are dependent on various factors including the slope characteristics and geology, as well as the amount of rainfall, manmade alterations through excavation, or seismic activities. A slope failure is a mass of rock, soil, and debris displaced down slope by sliding, flowing, or falling. Steep slopes and downslope creep of surface materials characterize landslide-susceptible areas. Debris flows consist of a loose mass of rocks and other granular material that, if present on a steep slope and saturated, can move down slope. The rate of rock and soil movements can vary from a slow creep over many years to sudden mass movements. Landslides occur throughout the state of California, but the density of incidents increases in zones of active faulting. Seismic inducement can accelerate otherwise slower processes, triggering landslides and slope failure over wide areas. With or without seismic inducement, slope failure is most commonly found in slopes that exceed a 1.5:1 (horizontal:vertical) incline. The project area is characterized by relatively gentle slopes that are roughly 5:1 but can get as steep as 1:1 along steep-sided natural drainages (LGC, 2014). However, an approximately 60-foot high 2:1 cut slope with a mid-slope terrace drain is present near the south end of the project area. Liquefaction Liquefaction is a transformation of soil from a solid to a liquefied state during which saturated soil temporarily loses strength resulting from the buildup of excess pore water pressure, especially during earthquake-induced cyclic loading. Soil susceptible to liquefaction includes loose to medium dense sand and gravel, low-plasticity silt, and some low-plasticity clay deposits. The loss of bearing pressure can occur beneath a structure when the underlying soil loses strength and liquefies. When this occurs, the structure can settle, tip, or even become buoyant and “float” upwards. Liquefaction and associated failures can damage foundations, roads, underground cables and pipelines, and disrupt utility service. In addition, liquefaction can occur in unconsolidated or artificial fill sediments that have not received appropriate compaction. The depth to groundwater influences the potential for liquefaction, in that sediments need to be saturated to have a potential for liquefaction. In general, Altair Specific Plan 3.5-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity liquefaction can occur in loose saturated sediments that are within 50 feet of ground surface. Geotechnical borings were drilled in the project area and extended up to 46.5 feet below ground surface; and groundwater was not encountered (LGC, 2014). The findings of the geotechnical investigations determined that based on observations from borings completed onsite the potential for liquefaction to occur within the project area was considered unlikely (LGC, 2014). Settlement and Subsidence/Unstable Soils Settlement can occur from immediate settlement, consolidation, shrinkage of expansive soil, and liquefaction. Immediate settlement occurs when a load from a structure or placement of new fill material is applied, causing distortion in the underlying or unstable materials. This settlement occurs quickly and is typically complete after placement of the final load. Soils tend to settle at different rates and by varying amounts depending on the load weight or changes in properties over an area, which is referred to as differential settlement. Subsidence is a form of settlement that can be caused by natural (tectonic movement) or through human extraction activities such as the removal of groundwater, oil, or gas. The City of Temecula has experienced subsidence and resultant fissure cracking in the ground surface due to high rates of groundwater extraction. Subsidence can also occur due to placement of new structures or improvements on inadequately prepared surface soils. Expansive Soils Expansive soils possess a shrink-swell characteristic that can result in structural damage over a long period of time.2 Expansive soils are largely comprised of silicate clays, which expand in volume when water is absorbed and shrink when dried. Highly expansive soils can cause damage to foundations and roads over time. The soil units identified within the project area were generally found to have a low to very low potential for shrink-swell characteristics (LGC, 2014). Soil Erosion Erosion is the wearing away of soil and rock by processes such as mechanical or chemical weathering, mass wasting, and the action of waves, wind and underground water. Excessive soil erosion can eventually lead to damage of building foundations and roadways. In general, areas that are most susceptible to erosion are those that would be exposed during the construction phase when earthwork activities disturb soils and require stockpiling. Typically, the soil erosion potential is reduced once the soil is graded and covered with concrete, structures, asphalt, or slope protection, however changes in drainage patterns can also cause areas to be susceptible to the effects of erosion. 2 “Shrink-swell” is the cyclical expansion and contraction that occurs in fine-grained clay sediments from wetting and drying. Structures located on soils with this characteristic may be damaged over a long period of time, usually as the result of inadequate foundation engineering. Altair Specific Plan 3.5-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity 3.5.2 Regulatory Framework State Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act (formerly the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone Act) of 1972 (revised in 1994) is the State law that addresses hazards from earthquake fault zones. The purpose of this law is to mitigate the hazard of surface fault rupture by regulating development near active faults. As required by the Act, the State has delineated Earthquake Fault Zones (formerly Special Studies Zones) along known active faults in California. No Alquist- Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone crosses through the project area. California Building Code The California Building Code (CBC) has been codified in the California Code of Regulations (CCR) as Title 24, Part 2. Title 24 is administered by the California Building Standards Commission, which, by law, is responsible for coordinating all building standards. Under state law, all building standards must be centralized in Title 24 or they are not enforceable. The purpose of the CBC is to establish minimum standards to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare through structural strength, means of egress facilities, and general stability by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, use and occupancy, location, and maintenance of all building and structures within its jurisdiction. The 2013 CBC is based on the 2012 International Building Code (IBC) published by the International Code Conference. In addition, the CBC contains necessary California amendments, which are based on reference standards obtained from various technical committees and organizations such as the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), and the American Concrete Institute (ACI). ASCE Minimum Design Standards 7-05 provides requirements for general structural design and includes means for determining earthquake loads as well as other loads (flood, snow, wind, etc.) for inclusion into building codes. The provisions of the CBC apply to the construction, alteration, movement, replacement, and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures throughout California. The earthquake design requirements take into account the occupancy category of the structure, site class, soil classifications, and various seismic coefficients which are used to determine a Seismic Design Category (SDC) for a project as described in Chapter 16 of the CBC. The SDC is a classification system that combines the occupancy categories with the level of expected ground motions at the site and ranges from SDC A (very small seismic vulnerability) to SDC E (very high seismic vulnerability and near a major fault). Design specifications are then determined according to the SDC in accordance with Chapter 16 of the CBC. Chapter 16, Section 1613 provides earthquake loading specifications for every structure, and portion thereof, including nonstructural components that are permanently attached to structures and their supports and attachments, which shall be designed and constructed to resist the effects of earthquake motions in accordance with ASCE 7-10. Chapter 18 also describes analysis of expansive soils (1803.5.3) and the determination of the depth to groundwater table. For Seismic Design Categories D, E, and Altair Specific Plan 3.5-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity F, Chapter 18 requires analysis of slope instability, liquefaction, and surface rupture attributable to faulting or lateral spreading, plus an evaluation of lateral pressures on basement and retaining walls, liquefaction and soil strength loss, and lateral movement or reduction in foundation soil- bearing capacity. It also addresses mitigation measures to be considered in structural design, which may include ground stabilization, selecting appropriate foundation type and depths, selecting appropriate structural systems to accommodate anticipated displacements, or any combination of these measures. The potential for liquefaction and soil strength loss must be evaluated for site-specific peak ground acceleration magnitudes and source characteristics consistent with the design earthquake ground motions. CCR Title 24 also includes the California Residential Code and the California Green Building Code, which have been adopted as separate documents (CCR Title 24, Part 2.5 and 11, respectively). The California Residential Code includes structural design standards for residential one- and two-family dwellings and covers all structural requirements for conventional construction. This part incorporates by adoption the 2012 International Residential Code of the International Code Council with necessary California amendments for seismic design. All other structures including multi-family residential projects are found in the other parts of the CBC as discussed above. Local Temecula General Plan The following are policies from the Temecula General Plan Public Safety chapter that must be met to attain project approval. The purpose of these policies is to ensure the health, safety, and well-being of the citizens of Temecula. Goal 1: Protection from natural hazards associated with geologic instability, seismic events, wild land fires, flooding, and dam failures. Policy 1.1: Identify and mitigate potential adverse impacts of ground surface rupture, liquefaction, and landslides at the project level. Policy 1.2: Apply and enforce seismic design standards and building construction codes for new development. Policy 1.4: Monitor the potential for seismic events and other geologic activity with the County of Riverside and California Geologic Survey. Policy 1.5: Establish development management techniques to lessen the potential for erosion and landslides. Implementation Program PS-2: To minimize damage from earthquakes and other geologic activity, implement most recent and most stringent California and Uniform Building Code seismic requirements for structural design for new development and reuse projects. Altair Specific Plan 3.5-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity Implementation Program PS-3: During review of development and reuse proposals, require surveys of soil and geologic conditions by State licensed Engineering Geologists and Civil Engineers where appropriate. Examples of when these surveys are required are: • Prior to the development of any area with slopes more than 10 feet high at a gradient equal to or steeper than 2:1; • Projects located within a State-delineated Seismic Hazard Zone for liquefaction or seismically induced landsliding, in accordance with the California Geological Survey; or, • Projects located within an Earthquake Fault Zone or within 150 feet of an active or potentially active fault. If potential for fault displacement or liquefaction exists on the site, structures for human occupancy may not be placed there unless the seismic hazard is mitigated to an acceptable level. Implementation Program PS-16: Prepare, adopt, and implement a grading ordinance to ensure that grading associated with new development projects is conducted in accordance with appropriate geotechnical engineering standards. 3.5.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines, geology, soils, and seismicity impacts would be considered potentially significant if the proposed project would: • Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: – Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist- Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault; – Strong seismic ground shaking; – Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction; or – Landslides. • Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil; • Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on or offsite landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse; • Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial risks to life or property; or • Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water. Altair Specific Plan 3.5-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. Methodology This following impact analysis focuses on potential impacts of the proposed project related to soils, seismicity and other geologic hazards. The evaluation considered project plans, current conditions at the project area, and applicable regulations and guidelines. Some of the above criteria are not considered relevant to the project, based upon project plans and data research, and therefore, they will not be evaluated further in this EIR. These issues include: Fault Rupture The project area is located outside of any Alquist-Priolo Fault Rupture Hazard Zone (AP Zone). While fault rupture is not necessarily confined to the boundaries of the AP Zone, it is considered to have a very low probability to occur outside of these areas that have been delineated by the State Geologist in accordance with the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. Fault rupture almost always follows along active faults because of the zone of weakness that has developed from past displacements (CGS, 2015). Therefore, with the plan area located approximately 0.5 miles from the active fault trace and well outside of the Alquist-Priolo fault zone, there would be no impact related to this issue and is not discussed further. Inadequate Support for Septic Tanks As proposed, development associated with the project would deliver wastewater to the Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) wastewater treatment plant in Temecula and would not have use for any septic tank or other alternative wastewater system. Therefore, this issue is not applicable to the project and is not discussed further. Impacts Exposure to Earthquake Hazards Groundshaking The project site is located in a seismically active region with active fault segments of the Elsinore fault zone located approximately 0.5 miles from the project boundary. In 2007, estimates by the Working Group on Earthquake Probabilities indicated a 97 percent chance that a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake would occur in the southern California region over the following 30 years (USGS, 2008). The Elsinore Fault Zone is one of the faults considered capable of producing significant groundshaking. If not designed appropriately, a 6.7 or greater magnitude earthquake on the Elsinore or one of the other regional active faults could produce significant groundshaking within the project area causing damage to structures. Earthquakes are unavoidable hazards, however, the resultant damage can be minimized through appropriate seismic design and engineering. According to the preliminary geotechnical investigation, despite the relatively close proximity to the active Temecula-Elsinor Fault Zone, the project is feasible provided that geotechnical recommendations are incorporated into project specifications (LGC, 2014). The recommendations include conventional shallow foundations with specifications for allowable bearing pressures, footing size, fill type, compaction, and field Altair Specific Plan 3.5-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity monitoring during earthwork activities. The City requires that all construction meet the latest standards of the CBC for construction which considers proximity to potential seismic sources and the maximum anticipated groundshaking possible as detailed within a final design level geotechnical investigation report. The earthquake design requirements take into account the occupancy category of the structure, site class, soil classifications, and various seismic coefficients which are used to determine a Seismic Design Category (SDC) for a project as described in Chapter 16 of the CBC. The SDC is a classification system that combines the occupancy categories with the level of expected ground motions at the site and ranges from SDC A (very small seismic vulnerability) to SDC E (very high seismic vulnerability and near a major fault). Design specifications are then determined according to the SDC in accordance with Chapter 16 of the CBC. Chapter 16, Section 1613 provides earthquake loading specifications for every structure, and portion thereof, including nonstructural components that are permanently attached to structures and their supports and attachments, which shall be designed and constructed to resist the effects of earthquake motions in accordance with ASCE 7-10. The proposed construction associated with the project would be in accordance with applicable City ordinances and policies and consistent with the most recent version of the CBC, which requires structural design that can accommodate ground accelerations expected from known active faults. In addition, the design-level geotechnical investigations would be prepared by a California registered Geotechnical Engineer or Engineering Geologist and recommendations would include final design parameters for any retaining walls, foundations, foundation slabs, and surrounding related improvements (cut slopes, utilities, roadways, parking lots and sidewalks). Compliance with these building safety design standards would reduce potential impacts associated with groundshaking to less than significant levels. Therefore, with implementation of the seismic design requirements into construction specification, the impacts associated with the effects associated with groundshaking would be reduced to less than significant levels. Significance Determination: Less than significant Liquefaction or Lateral Spreading Liquefaction can result in loss of bearing pressure, lateral spreading, sand boils (liquefied soil exiting at the ground surface), and earthquake-induced settlement causing substantial damage to structures. According to the geotechnical investigation for the project site, there is a low likelihood for liquefaction to occur (LGC, 2014). Regardless, all proposed development would be required to adhere to current building code requirements which would include a design-level geotechnical investigation that would further confirm whether potentially liquefiable soils are present or not. Adherence to these requirements, which would include incorporation of industry standard measures of minimizing the potential for liquefaction through foundation design, treatment of site soils and/or replacement of liquefiable soils with engineered fills, would ensure that seismically induced ground failure is a less than significant impact to proposed development. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.5-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity Landslides Landslides are dependent on the slope and geology of an area and can be triggered from seismic activity as well as precipitation or manmade activities such as excavation. According to the geotechnical investigation conducted for the project, there are no identified landslides within or immediately adjacent to the project area (LGC, 2014). The proposed grading calls for a 100-foot cut at an incline of 2:1 (horizontal:vertical) which has been found to be stable in a slope stability analysis. Regardless, all proposed development would be required to adhere to current building code requirements which would include a design-level geotechnical investigation that would further confirm that existing and cut slopes are stable in dynamic (earthquake) and static conditions. Adherence to these requirements, which would include incorporation of industry standard measures of minimizing the potential for landslides through grading, and drainage requirements, would ensure that seismically induced landslides is a less than significant impact. Significance Determination: Less than significant Soil Erosion Construction activities associated with new development would involve earthwork activities, including grading and stockpiling of soils. Disturbance of soils formerly protected with vegetation or covered by asphalt or concrete can become exposed to winds and water flows that result in soil erosion or the loss of topsoil. As detailed in Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality, individual development projects occurring during project implementation would be required to include construction best management practices (BMPs), as detailed in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), as dictated by the General Construction Permit from the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System program. Each individual development project would be required to prepare a Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) as required by the City. These SWPPPs, BMPs, and WQMPs are developed on a project-specific basis and the specific criteria that would be contained within them would vary from one project to another. However, at minimum, typical examples of construction BMPs could include installation of silt fences, hay bales or application of soil stabilization measures on exposed areas that are designed to minimize the potential for erosion to occur. Although the SWPPP and WQMP are intended to primarily prevent sedimentation from entering runoff from the site, they have proven effective in preventing soil erosion and loss of topsoil occurring at a construction site. Thus, with adherence to the required BMPs, potential construction-related erosion would be minimized. Following completion of construction activities, disturbed areas would be either revegetated or covered by impervious surfaces such as asphalt or buildings which limits the potential for erosion. Thus, operation of the project would not result in significant soil erosion impacts. For further discussion of soil erosion and sedimentation, see Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.5-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity Site Soil Conditions Settlement and Subsidence/Expansive Soils Loose, uncompacted soils or soils susceptible to liquefaction, expansion, slope failure or collapse can cause considerable damage in new development if not engineered appropriately. Expansive soils increase in volume when their moisture content becomes elevated. Structures built on expansive soils could experience foundation cracking as a result of the expanding and contracting soils. A preliminary geotechnical investigation for the project site was conducted in order to characterize the underlying materials and their geotechnical engineering characteristics. The investigation included collection and analysis of both subsurface soils and bedrock. The findings of the investigation determined that the site is primarily underlain by artificial fill, alluvium, Pauba Formation bedrock, Bedford Canyon bedrock, and granodiorite (LGC, 2014). The artificial fill included both compacted fills and undocumented fills. The undocumented fills were observed to be up to 6 feet thick and unsuitable for support of additional fill, structures, walls, and other improvements (LGC, 2014). However, the report recommended that these fill materials be overexcavated and recompacted or replaced with engineered fill which is consistent with typical geotechnical practices and in accordance with building code requirements. Specifically, the recommendations include that prior to placement of fill, exposed bottom surfaces should be scarified to a depth of six inches, moisture conditioned, and then compacted in place to a minimum of 90 percent in accordance with American Standard of Testing and Materials Test Method D1557. All of these recommendations would be done in accordance with Chapter 18 Section 1804 of the CBC which provides specifications for excavations, grading and fill placement. In addition, Section 1806 of the CBC provides requirements for load bearing values of soils. The potential for lateral spreading and liquefaction is described earlier in this section. The findings of the geotechnical investigation also made the following conclusions: • Laboratory results of the soil and bedrock materials indicated a very low to low expansion potential; • The potential for corrosion was also determined to have a negligible potential; • Some alluvial soils within canyons and drainages of the site were found to be unsuitable for placement of new loadings; and • Placement of new fills of up to 50 feet in thickness can be suitable for development provided they are compacted to 90 percent relative compaction in accordance with building code requirements. As described earlier, development under the proposed project would be required to adhere to City building code requirements, which include the preparation of a design-level geotechnical investigation by a state licensed geotechnical engineer. The required geotechnical report for any new development or redevelopment would determine the susceptibility of the subject site to settlement and prescribe appropriate engineering techniques for reducing its effects based on site specific data of subsurface soils. The preliminary geotechnical report prepared for the project Altair Specific Plan 3.5-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.5 Geology, Soils, and Seismicity provides a basis of conditions that are expected to occur but a final geotechnical report with specific design criteria cannot be completed until site specific plans have been developed for individual projects within the Plan area. At that time, a site specific geotechnical report would be prepared which would determine appropriate foundation requirements, footing size, fill placement, grading, and then any structural engineering specific to the proposed elements of the structure such as occupancy, footprint, number of floors, utility requirements, and others. Prior to approval of a building permit, the final design level geotechnical report with recommendations for site preparation requirements, foundation specifications, and structural design would be required to be in accordance with the City building code requirements. Where settlement and/or differential settlement is predicted, site preparation measures—such as use of engineered fill, surcharging, wick drains, deep foundations, structural slabs, hinged slabs, flexible utility connections, and utility hangers—could be used. These measures would be evaluated and the most effective, feasible, and economical measures recommended in a design level geotechnical report and incorporated into site design in accordance with building code requirements. Engineering recommendations included in the project engineering and design plans would be reviewed and approved by the City. Final geotechnical specifications would also include measures to prevent other geologic hazards such as corrosivity from causing significant damage. Geotechnical recommendations include preventing corrosive soils from coming in contact with vulnerable materials. Generally, industry standard practices minimize corrosivity through both the type of materials used for underground improvements and selective use of the engineering characteristics of backfill materials. The site-specific analysis of site foundation soils guides the recommended building foundation design, such that these hazards are minimized and reduced to levels that can be accommodated by the final design. Therefore, implementation of standard geotechnical engineering practices, which includes a geotechnical investigation containing recommendations that are specific to the project design, and adherence to City building code requirements would result in less than significant impacts from unstable soils and other adverse soil properties. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.5-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change This section provides an overview of the existing climate change conditions at the project site and surrounding region, a summary of applicable greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations, and analyses of potential GHG emission impacts from implementation of the project. Mitigation measures are recommended, as necessary, to reduce significant impacts. 3.6.1 Environmental Setting Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called GHGs. The major concern with GHGs is that increases in their concentrations are causing global climate change. Global climate change is a change in the average weather on Earth that can be measured by wind patterns, storms, precipitation, and temperature. Although there is disagreement as to the rate of global climate change and the extent of the impacts attributable to human activities, most in the scientific community agree that there is a direct link between increased emissions of GHGs and long term global temperature increases. The principal GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Because different GHGs have different warming potential and CO2 is the most common reference gas for climate change, GHG emissions are often quantified and reported as CO2 equivalents (CO2e). For example, SF6 is a GHG commonly used in the utility industry as an insulating gas in circuit breakers and other electronic equipment. SF6, while comprising a small fraction of the total GHGs emitted annually world-wide, is a much more potent GHG with 22,800 times the global warming potential as CO2. Therefore, an emission of one metric ton (MT) of SF6 could be reported as an emission of 22,800 MT of CO2e. Large emission sources are reported in million metric tons (MMT) of CO2e.1 Some of the potential effects in California of global warming may include loss in snow pack, sea level rise, more extreme heat days per year, more high ozone days, more forest fires, and more drought years (CARB, 2009a). Globally, climate change has the potential to impact numerous environmental resources through potential, though uncertain, impacts related to future air temperatures and precipitation patterns. The projected effects of global warming on weather and climate are likely to vary regionally, but are expected to include the following direct effects (IPCC, 2001): • Higher maximum temperatures and more hot days over nearly all land areas; • Higher minimum temperatures, fewer cold days and frost days over nearly all land areas; • Reduced diurnal temperature range over most land areas; • Increase of heat index over land areas; and • More intense precipitation events. 1 A metric ton is 1,000 kilograms; it is equal to approximately 1.1 U.S. tons and approximately 2,204.6 pounds. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Also, there are many secondary effects that are projected to result from global warming, including global rise in sea level, impacts to agriculture, changes in disease vectors, and changes in habitat and biodiversity. While the possible outcomes and the feedback mechanisms involved are not fully understood and much research remains to be done, the potential for substantial environmental, social, and economic consequences over the long term may be great. California produced 459 gross MMTCO2e in 2012. Combustion of fossil fuel in the transportation sector was the single largest source of California’s GHG emissions in 2012, accounting for 36 percent of total GHG emissions in the state. This sector was followed by the electric power sector (including both in-state and out-of-state sources) (21 percent) and the industrial sector (19 percent) (CARB, 2014a). 3.6.2 Regulatory Framework USEPA The federal Clean Air Act (CAA) does not specifically regulate GHG emissions; however, the U.S. Supreme Court has determined that GHGs are pollutants that can be regulated under the federal CAA. There are currently no federal regulations that set ambient air quality standards for GHGs. Executive Order S-3-05 In 2005, in recognition of California’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change, Governor Schwarzenegger established Executive Order S-3-05, which set forth a series of target dates by which statewide emissions of GHGs would be progressively reduced, as follows: • By 2010, reduce GHG emissions to 2000 levels; • By 2020, reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels; and • By 2050, reduce GHG emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels. Assembly Bill 32 – California Global Warming Solutions Act California Assembly Bill (AB) 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, requires CARB to establish a statewide GHG emissions cap for 2020 based on 1990 emission levels. AB 32 required CARB to adopt and enforce programs and regulations that identify and require selected sectors or categories of emitters of GHGs to report and verify their statewide GHG emissions. In December 2007 CARB adopted 427 MT CO2e as the statewide GHG emissions limit equivalent to the statewide levels for 1990. This is approximately 28 percent below forecasted 2020 “business-as- usual” (BAU) emissions of 596 MMT of CO2e, and about 10 percent below average annual GHG emissions during the period of 2002 through 2004 (CARB, 2009b). CARB published the Expanded List of Early Action Measures To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions In California Recommended For Board Consideration in September 2007 (CARB, 2007). CARB adopted nine Early Action Measures for implementation, including Ship Electrification at Ports, Reduction of High Global-Warming-Potential Gases in Consumer Products, Heavy-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction (Aerodynamic Efficiency), Reduction of Perfluorocarbons from Semiconductor Manufacturing, Improved Landfill Gas Altair Specific Plan 3.6-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Capture, Reduction of Hydrofluorocarbon-134a from Do-It -Yourself Motor Vehicle Servicing, Sulfur Hexafluoride Reductions from the Non-Electric Sector, a Tire Inflation Program, and a Low Carbon Fuel Standard. As of January 1, 2012, the GHG emissions limits and reduction measures adopted in 2011 by CARB became enforceable. In designing emission reduction measures, CARB must aim to minimize costs, maximize benefits, improve and modernize California’s energy infrastructure, maintain electric system reliability, maximize additional environmental and economic co-benefits for California, and complement the state’s efforts to improve air quality. Climate Change Scoping Plan In December 2008, CARB approved the AB 32 Scoping Plan (Scoping Plan) outlining the state’s strategy to achieve the 2020 GHG emissions limit (CARB, 2009b). This Scoping Plan, developed by CARB in coordination with the Climate Action Team (CAT), proposes a comprehensive set of actions designed to reduce overall GHG emissions in California, improve the environment, reduce dependence on oil, diversify California’s energy sources, save energy, create new jobs, and enhance public health. As required by AB 32, the Scoping Plan must be updated at least every five years to evaluate the mix of AB 32 policies to ensure that California is on track to meet the targets set out in the legislation. In October 2013, a draft update to the initial Scoping Plan was developed by CARB in collaboration with the California Climate Action Team (CCAT). The draft update builds upon the initial Scoping Plan with new strategies and expanded measures, and identifies opportunities to leverage existing and new funds to drive GHG emission reductions through strategic planning and targeted program investments. The draft update to the initial Scoping Plan was presented to CARB’s Board for discussion at its February 20, 2014 meeting. Subsequently, the first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan was approved on May 22, 2014 by CARB (CARB, 2014b). As part of the proposed update to the Scoping Plan, the emissions reductions required to meet the 2020 statewide GHG emissions limit were further adjusted. The primary reason for adjusting the 2020 statewide emissions limit was based on the fact that the original Scoping Plan relied on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) 1996 Second Assessment Report (SAR) to assign the global warming potentials (GWPs) of GHGs. Recently, in accordance the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), international climate agencies have agreed to begin using the scientifically updated GWP values in the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) that was released in 2007. Because CARB has begun to transition to the use of the AR4 100-year GWPs in its climate change programs, CARB recalculated the Scoping Plan’s 1990 GHG emissions level with the AR4 GWPs. As the recalculation resulted in 431 MMTCO2e, the 2020 GHG emissions limit established in response to AB 32 is now slightly higher than the 427 MMTCO2e in the initial Scoping Plan. Considering that the proposed update also adjusted the 2020 BAU forecast of GHG emissions to 509 MMTCO2e, a 15 percent reduction below the estimated BAU levels was determined to be necessary to return to 1990 levels by 2020 (CARB, 2014b). Altair Specific Plan 3.6-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Executive Order S-1-07 Executive Order S-1-07, which was signed by Governor Schwarzenegger in 2007, proclaims that the transportation sector is the main source of GHG emissions in California. It establishes a goal to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels sold in California by at least 10 percent by 2020. As a result of this order, CARB approved a proposed regulation to implement the low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) on April 23, 2009, which will reduce GHG emissions from the transportation sector in California by about 16 MMT in 2020. The LCFS is designed to reduce California’s dependence on petroleum, create a lasting market for clean transportation technology, and stimulate the production and use of alternative, low-carbon fuels in California. The LCFS is designed to provide a durable framework that uses market mechanisms to spur the steady introduction of lower carbon fuels. The framework establishes performance standards that fuel producers and importers must meet each year beginning in 2011. Senate Bill 375 Senate Bill (SB) 375, which establishes mechanisms for the development of regional targets for reducing passenger vehicle GHG emissions, was adopted by the state on September 30, 2008.On September 23, 2010, CARB adopted the vehicular GHG emissions reduction targets that had been developed in consultation with the metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs); the targets require a 7 to 8 percent reduction by 2020 and between 13 to 16 percent reduction by 2035 for each MPO. SB 375 recognizes the importance of achieving significant GHG reductions by working with cities and counties to change land use patterns and improve transportation alternatives. Through the SB 375 process, MPOs, such as the Southern California Council of Governments (SCAG) will work with local jurisdictions in the development of sustainable communities strategies (SCS) designed to integrate development patterns and the transportation network in a way that reduces GHG emissions while meeting housing needs and other regional planning objectives. SCAG’s reduction target for per capita vehicular emissions is 8 percent by 2020 and 13 percent by 2035 (CARB, 2010). The MPOs will prepare their first SCS according to their respective regional transportation plan (RTP) update schedule with the SCAG RTP/SCS adopted on April 4, 2012. Senate Bill 87 SB 97, enacted in August 2007, required the Office of Planning and Research (OPR) to develop guidelines for the mitigation of GHG emissions, or the effects related to releases of GHG emissions. On April 13, 2009, the OPR submitted proposed amendments to the Natural Resources Agency in accordance with SB 97 regarding analysis and mitigation of GHG emissions. As directed by SB 97, the Natural Resources Agency adopted Amendments to the CEQA Guidelines for GHG emissions on December 30, 2009. On February 16, 2010, the Office of Administrative Law approved the Amendments, and filed them with the Secretary of State for inclusion in the California Code of Regulations. The Amendments became effective on March 18, 2010. California Green Building Standard Code In January 2010, the State of California adopted the 2010 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen), which became effective in January 2011. Building off of the initial 2008 Altair Specific Plan 3.6-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change California Green Building Code, the 2010 CALGreen Code represents a more stringent building code that requires, at a minimum, that new buildings and renovations in California meet certain sustainability and ecological standards. The 2010 CALGreen Code has mandatory Green Building provisions for all new residential buildings that are three stories or fewer (including hotels and motels) and all new non-residential buildings of any size that are not additions to existing buildings. In early 2013 the California Building Standards Commission adopted the 2013 California Building Standards Code that also included the latest 2013 CALGreen Code, which became effective on January 1, 2014. The mandatory provisions of the code are anticipated to reduce 3 MMT of GHG emissions by 2020, reduce water use by 20 percent or more, and divert 50 percent of construction waste from landfills. The 2013 California Energy Code (Title 24, Part 6), which is also part of the CALGreen Code (Title 24, Part 11, Chapter 5.2), became effective on July 1, 2014. SCAQMD In December 2008, SCAQMD adopted a 10,000 MTCO2e/year for industrial facilities, but only with respect to projects where SCAQMD is the lead agency. SCAQMD has not adopted a threshold for residential or commercial projects at the time of this writing. In 2009, SCQAQMD and its GHG CEQA Significance Stakeholder Working Group (SCAQMD, 2009) considered a proposal that included a 25,000 MTCO2e maximum emission limit that derives from its use by the CARB as the quantitative reporting threshold for GHG emissions from industrial sources under the state’s Greenhouse Gas Mandatory Reporting Regulation (GHG MRR). 25,000 MTCO2e is also identified by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) as a potential threshold to be used for consideration of GHG impacts from land use development in its resource document CEQA and Climate Change (CAPCOA, 2008). The SCAQMD Stakeholder Working Group also proposed two efficiency thresholds. The first was a value of 4.8 MTCO2e per year per service population2 for project-level analysis. The second was a value of 6.6 MTCO2e per year per service population for plan-level projects (SCAQMD, 2009), a threshold that was originally developed by the San Francisco Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) but subsequently identified as applicable to General or Regional Plans and not to Specific Plans (BAAQMD, 2011). For project-level analysis, the Stakeholder Working Group developed two other bright-line thresholds to apply in different situations. The first of these bright-line thresholds is a 10,000 MTCO2e per year, which is to apply to industrial stationary sources only. This threshold was subsequently formally adopted by SCAQMD in its role as lead agency in addressing CEQA compliance with its discretionary permit actions over stationary sources. The Stakeholder Working Group also considered a bright-line threshold of 3,000 MTCO2 for assessing potential impacts from new residential and commercial projects. None of these thresholds has been formally adopted or recommended by SCAQMD. 2 Service population is the total number of residents and employees within a project area. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change County of Riverside Climate Action Plan The Riverside County Board of Supervisors adopted the County’s Climate Action Plan (CAP) on December 8, 2015. The CAP was developed to be consistent with and complementary to: the GHG emissions reduction efforts being conducted by the State of California through the Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32), federal government through the actions of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the global community through the Kyoto Protocol. The CAP creates a GHG emissions baseline from which to benchmark GHG reductions, provides a guide to development, enhancement, and implementation of actions that reduce GHG emissions, and is part of the planning process for future development projects. The CAP includes a 3,000 MTCO2 bright line threshold for evaluating projects. The 3,000 MT CO2e per year value is used in defining small projects that, when combined with the modest efficiency measures identified in the CAP are considered less than significant and do not need to use the Screening Tables or alternative GHG mitigation. The CAP contains two types of GHG inventories, one covering Riverside County government emissions and the other community-wide emissions within the unincorporated areas of the County. The government operations inventory includes sources and quantities of GHG emissions from government owned or rented buildings, facilities, vehicles, and equipment. The community- wide emissions inventory identifies and categorizes the major sources and quantities of GHG emissions produced by residents, businesses, and municipal operations in the unincorporated areas of Riverside County using the best available data. The purpose of the inventories is to create a clear picture of how the unincorporated communities within Riverside County and the government operations uses fossil fuels and other forms of energy, and to pinpoint the activities and sectors contributing the most GHGs. Because the CAP only considers community-wide emissions within unincorporated County lands it does not represent an appropriate planning document for projects within the City of Temecula, and its policies and analysis are not applicable to the proposed project; but does serve as an example of how a local jurisdiction is addressing compliance with State policies and regulations regarding GHG emissions. Western Riverside Council of Governments Subregional Climate Action Plan The Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG) collaborated among its twelve cities, including Temecula, to develop a Subregional CAP, which sets forth a subregional emissions reduction target, emissions reduction measures, and action steps to assist each community to demonstrate consistency with California’s Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Assembly Bill [AB] 32). WRCOG’s CAP was adopted in June 2014. Each participating jurisdiction is responsible for its own stand-alone CEQA documentation and local adoption as well as for determining and employing an appropriate CEQA compliance mechanism. The City of Temecula has not yet adopted specific local actions. The Subregional CAP indicates that the 2010 GHG emission baseline for Temecula is approximately 700,000 MT of CO2e or about 4.9 MT per service population. Of these emissions, about 57 percent is from transportation sources, 21 percent from residential energy demand, about Altair Specific Plan 3.6-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change 21 percent is from commercial/industrial energy demand, and about 1 percent from solid waste generation. Wastewater contributions are negligible. The Subregional CAP establishes emission targets for compliance with the goals of AB32 as to the subregion, but does not establish targets for individual cities within the WRCOG. WRCOG’s Subregional emissions reduction targets are 15% below 2010 levels by 2020, and 49% below 2010 levels by 2035. Based on forecasted emissions levels, a 15 percent reduction from 2010 levels equates to a GHG emissions reduction of nearly 2,330,647 metric tons below business-as-usual (BAU) conditions by 2020. The CAP identifies objectives and actions in four categories to set the subregion on a path to meet the 2020 GHG emission target. Energy measures will increase community-wide building and equipment efficiency and renewable energy use, and promote energy efficiency and renewable energy generation throughout the communities. Transportation and land use measures are identified to reduce single-occupancy vehicle travel, increase non-motorized travel, improve public transit access, increase motor vehicle efficiency, and promote sustainable growth patterns. Solid waste measures are identified to reduce community and municipal solid waste sent to landfills. Water measures are identified to increase community water conservation and reduce water consumed to support municipal operations in our communities. City of Temecula General Plan The Air Quality Element “establishes policy foundation to implement local air quality improvement measures and provides a framework for coordination of air quality planning efforts with surrounding jurisdictions” (City of Temecula, 2005). The goals and policies relevant to the GHG analysis include: Goal 1 Continue coordination of air quality improvement efforts in the Western Riverside area. Policy 1.1 Coordinate planning efforts with other local, regional and State agencies, including the County of Riverside, Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG), SCAQMD and SCAG. Goal 2 Improve air quality through effective land use planning in Temecula. Policy 2.1 Encourage new development that provides employment opportunities for Temecula residents to improve the balance of jobs relative to housing. Policy 2.2 Encourage infill development near activity centers, within Mixed Use Overlay Areas, and along transportation corridors. Goal 3 Enhance mobility to minimize air pollutant emissions. Policy 3.1 Use transportation demand reduction techniques to reduce motor vehicle trips. Policy 3.2 Use transportation systems management techniques to maintain an orderly flow of traffic and improve mobility. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Policy 3.3 Pursue development of a public transit system consisting of local shuttle and bus routes, as well as bicycle and pedestrian trails that are linked to the regional transit network. Policy 3.4 Establish a convenient and efficient system of bicycle routes and pedestrian walkways. Policy 3.5 Promote the use of alternative clean-fueled vehicles, new transportation technologies, and combustion engine alternatives for personal and business use. Policy 3.6 Develop and implement programs that reduce local traffic congestion at peak hours and during special events. Goal 4 Adopt effective energy conservation and recycling practices to reduce emissions. Policy 4.1 Encourage community-wide reductions in energy consumption through conservation. Policy 4.2 Promote local recycling of wastes and the use of recycled materials. Policy 4.3 Encourage energy-efficient design in new development projects. The following 15 implementation programs have also been introduced in the Temecula General Plan to reduce GHG emissions. AQ-1: Multi-jurisdictional coordination: Support regional transit initiatives and promote development of high-speed rail service connecting Temecula to San Diego and Los Angeles. Actively participate in efforts to protect and improve air quality in the region. AQ-2: Public Participation: Continue to involve the general public, environmental groups, the business community, and special interest groups in the formulation and implementation of air quality programs. Conduct periodic public outreach efforts, and continue to promote public education as a method of employer compliance with the Trip Reduction Ordinance. AQ-3: Land Use Compatibility Adhere to the policies and programs of the Land Use Element, including development of mixed-use projects where designated and feasible, to ensure that future land use patterns and traffic increases are accompanied by measures to improve air quality AQ-4: Job housing Balance: Improve the jobs/housing balance in Temecula by encouraging development and expansion of businesses, while also promoting development of housing affordable to all segments of the community near job opportunity sites, and within Mixed Use Overlay Areas. AQ-5: Mitigation Measures: Assess the potential air quality impacts of individual development projects by requiring preparation of air quality analysis for individual projects. The City shall require individual development projects to comply with measures as stated in the General Plan to minimize short-term, construction-related PM10 and NOx emissions, and to minimize offsite impacts. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change AQ-6: Sensitive Receptors: Locate new sensitive receptors away from major air pollution sources. Require buffering of sensitive receptors from air pollution sources through the use of landscaping, open space and other separation techniques. AQ-7: Design Guidelines: Incorporate strategies into City-wide design guidelines and development standards that promote a pedestrian-scale environment, encourage use of mass transit, and reduce dependence on the automobile. AQ-8: Alternative Work Schedules: Promote the use of alternative work weeks, flextime, telecommuting, and work-at-home programs among employers in Temecula and continue to enforce provisions of the City’s Trip Reduction Ordinance, including requirements for preparation of Trip Reduction Plans (TRPs) for qualifying development projects and employers. AQ-9: Rideshare and Transit Incentives: Require employee rideshare and transit incentives for large employers, consistent with the requirements of the City’s Trip Reduction Ordinance. AQ-10: Special Events: Require operators of large scale outdoor events to submit a Trip Reduction Plan (TRP) that shall apply to both patrons and employees during the course of the event. AQ-11: Transportation Alternatives: Work to achieve local performance goals for vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction, consistent with SCAG’s Growth Management Plan recommended standards for the Western Riverside County subregion. AQ-12: Alternative Fueled Vehicles: Promote and encourage the use of alternative fuel vehicles. Consider adoption of an ordinance requiring provision of alternative fueling stations at or near major employment locations, shopping centers, public facilities, and mixed-use developments. AQ-13: Multi-Use Trails and Bikeways Master Plan: Encourage pedestrian and bicycle trips as an option to single occupancy vehicle trips by constructing and maintaining trails and bikeways specified in the Multi-Use Trails and Bikeways Master Plan. AQ-14: Park and Ride Facilities: Work with Caltrans and RTA to identify potential sites for Park and Ride facilities adjacent to key commuting routes within the City. AQ-15: Energy Efficient Design: Incorporate energy efficient design elements in residential, commercial and light industrial and mixed-use development projects. Sustainability Plan The City of Temecula committed to becoming a sustainable community in July of 2008. Subsequently, the City of Temecula’s Sustainability Plan was developed and adopted on June 22, 2010. The Sustainability Plan is designed as a blueprint by which the City can address sustainability and climate change by setting goals to reduce GHG emissions, solid waste, energy and water use, and championing sustainable growth and emerging technologies. The Sustainability Plan provides recommendations on performance in energy, green buildings, water resources, air resources, waste management, transportation, open space, and community Altair Specific Plan 3.6-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change outreach. Goals, success indicators, and implementation measures have been developed for each category as a way to monitor the Plan’s success. The following goals are outlined by the Sustainability Plan. Energy Goals: 1. Reduce energy consumption throughout the community through use of the latest technology, practices, and programs to support this goal. 2. Support the use of clean energy throughout the community through the use of the latest technology practices and programs. 3. Reduce fossil fuel use in vehicles. Green Building Goals: 1. Improve the quality of buildings throughout the city by increasing the number of green building measures used during construction. 2. Improve the knowledge of green building principles and practices for City staff and builders in the Temecula area. Water Resources Goals: 1. Reduce potable water use. 2. Increase reclaimed water use at municipal facilities. 3. Reduce amount of urban runoff, where conditions do not allow infiltration. 4. Improve surface water quality through filtration and focused education efforts. 5. Protect natural groundwater recharge areas. 6. Capture and use stormwater runoff for irrigation purposes at City-owned and -maintained landscaped areas. Air Resources Goals: 1. Reduce GHGs from City Operations. 2. Establish baseline air quality data for the Temecula Community. Waste Management Goals: 1. Reduce total waste generated and reduce the use and release of household hazardous waste. 2. Increase green purchasing. Transportation Goals: 1. Disperse activity notes throughout the City. 2. Create a flexible network of alternative modes of transportation. 3. Distribute trip types among all modes of transportation (vehicle, transit, pedestrian, bicycle, etc.). Altair Specific Plan 3.6-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change 4. Maintain physical roadway conditions along transit corridors. 5. Improve the transportation system to better connect jobs, housing, schools, shopping, and recreational uses. Open Space Goals: 1. Increase the amount of open space within city boundaries. 2. Improve accessibility to open space areas. 3. Protect the city’s natural assets. 4. Create or enhance public space/plazas within nonresidential zoning districts. Community Outreach Goals: 1. Share information and educate the community. 3.6.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance The GHG significance thresholds that are used in this report are based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. Implementation of the project would result in a significant GHG-related impact if it would:  Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment; or  Conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. The increased concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere has been linked to global warming, which can lead to climate change. Construction and operation of the project would incrementally contribute to GHG emissions along with past, present, and future activities, and the CEQA Guidelines acknowledge this as a cumulative impact. As such, impacts of GHG emissions are analyzed here on a cumulative basis. Currently, there is no adopted state or local standard for determining the significance of the project’s GHG emissions. A recent California Supreme Court decision, Center for Biological Diversity v. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (November 30, 2015, Cal. Sup. Ct. Case No. S217763), addressed the appropriate methodology for analyzing GHG impacts, and specifically addressed the use of the “BAU approach”, which entails comparing a project’s emissions to the theoretical emissions that would occur if the project did not implement GHG reduction measures. In its decision, the Court found that a BAU analysis could be an adequate method of assessing GHG impacts but that such an analysis must not be based strictly on statewide reduction goals cited in AB32. Rather, the Court stated that any BAU analysis must take into account the location, sector, and specific characteristics of the project, including local Altair Specific Plan 3.6-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change growth and transportation patterns. At present such a quantitative percent reduction goal has not been developed specific to SCAQMD or the City of Temecula. Alternatively, the Court acknowledged that a lead agency may rely on existing numerical thresholds of significance for GHG emissions, provided that those numerical thresholds meet certain criteria. While the SCAQMD and its Stakeholder Working Group developed a variety of options for evaluating GHG impacts, there is some level of uncertainty with regard to which is the most appropriate to apply to development of a Specific Plan. In light of the Court’s decision and the availability of the three potentially applicable bright-line and service population thresholds considered by the SCAQMD, the analysis of potential GHG impacts compares the emissions from the proposed Specific Plan to all three of these thresholds and applies the most conservative of them (3,000 MTCO2e per year) as the basis for determining significance as to whether the proposed Specific Plan would generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment. Methodology At the time of writing of this report, SCAQMD has not formally adopted a uniform methodology for analyzing impacts related to GHG emissions or global climate change. Similarly, the City also has not adopted any guidelines for GHG analysis under CEQA. Pursuant to full disclosure and according to the CEQA Guidelines that state, “A lead agency should make a good-faith effort, based to the extent possible on scientific and factual data, to describe, calculate or estimate the amount of GHG emissions resulting from a project,” the construction and operational emissions associated with the project have been quantified using methods described below. Construction-related GHG emissions were estimated using a similar methodology to that described above for criteria air pollutants. SCAQMD recommends the use of California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) for estimating construction and operational emissions associated with land use projects. CalEEMod estimates the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O as well as the resulting total CO2e emissions associated with construction-related GHG sources such as off-road construction equipment, material delivery trucks, soil haul trucks, and construction worker vehicles. As CalEEMod currently uses IPCC’s 1996 SAR to assign the GWPs for CH4 and N2O, the emissions for these two GHGs were taken from the CalEEMod outputs and converted to CO2e emissions outside of CalEEMod using the updated GWPs from IPCC’s AR4. The GHG analysis incorporates similar assumptions as the air quality analysis for consistency. Based on SCAQMD’s 2008 Draft Guidance Document – Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold document, SCAQMD recommends that for construction GHG emissions the total emissions for a project be amortized over a 30-year period and added to its operational emission estimates (SCAQMD, 2008). It should be noted that the construction schedule for the project could potentially change to more than three phases to better accommodate development. However, this change in phasing would only involve sub-dividing the areas of development in a different manner than originally planned and would not alter the proposed duration of development (10 years), intensity of construction activities, or the overall amount of development in the project area. Thus, should the project Altair Specific Plan 3.6-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change eventually be developed in more than three phases, the construction-related emissions analyzed in this section would not change. Operational emissions of GHGs, including GHGs generated by direct and indirect sources, are estimated according to the recommended methodologies from SCAQMD. Direct sources include emissions such as vehicle trips, natural gas consumption, and landscape maintenance. Indirect sources include offsite emissions occurring as a result of the project’s operations such as electricity and water consumption and solid waste disposal. The direct and indirect emissions generated during the project’s operations were estimated using CalEEMod. Similar to the calculation of the project’s construction-related GHG emissions, the operational emissions of CH4 and N2O were extracted from the CalEEMod output file and converted to CO2e emissions using the GWPs from IPCC’s AR4. Modeling was based on project-specific data (e.g., size and type of proposed use) and vehicle trip information from the project’s Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) (Fehr & Peers, 2015). All GHG emission estimate assumptions and calculations are provided in Appendix B of this Draft EIR. Impacts Project-Generated GHG Emissions The project would generate GHG emissions from a variety of sources. First, GHG emissions would be generated during construction of the project. Once fully operational, the project’s operations would generate GHG emissions from both area sources and mobile sources. Indirect source emissions generated by the project include electrical consumption, water and wastewater usage (transportation), and solid waste disposal. Mobile (direct) sources of air pollutants associated with the project would consist of motor vehicles trips generated by residents and patrons of the retail, community center, and school uses. The GHG emissions estimates take into account the quantifiable Mitigation Measures MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e and MM-AQ-2 during construction and operation as identified in Section 3.2, Air Quality. Construction Emissions Construction-related GHG emissions for the project were estimated using the same assumptions as the air quality analysis. Total estimated construction-related GHG emissions for the project are shown in Table 3.6-1. Total construction emissions would result in annual construction emissions of 309.55 MT CO2e per year after amortization over 30 years per SCAQMD methodology. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change TABLE 3.6-1 ESTIMATED TOTAL CONSTRUCTION-RELATED GHG EMISSIONS Construction Year Estimated CO2e Emissions 2016 1,009.36 (MT) 2017 859.80 (MT) 2018 539.40 (MT) 2019 967.22 (MT) 2020 1,037.20 (MT) 2021 1,024.77 (MT) 2022 120.09 (MT) 2022 420.06 (MT) 2023 1,255.68 (MT) 2024 1,230.19 (MT) 2025 822.73 (MT) Total 9,286.50 (MT) Annual Construction (Amortized over 30 years) 309.55 (MT/Yr) NOTES: CO2e= carbon dioxide equivalent; MT =metric tons; MT/yr = metric tons per year. Source: ESA, 2015 Operational Emissions Area and indirect sources associated with the proposed project would primarily result from electricity and natural gas consumption, water transport (the energy used to pump water to and from the project site), and solid waste generation. GHG emissions from electricity consumed on the project site would be generated offsite by fuel combustion at the electricity provider. GHG emissions from water transport are also indirect emissions resulting from the energy required to transport water from its source. In addition, the new residential and non-residential uses at the project site would also generate mobile source emissions from motor vehicle trips generated by residents and patrons. The Specific Plan includes many elements that would serve to promote alternatives to vehicle use or otherwise reduce operational GHG emissions. These elements include: • The use of clustered development to preserve and enhance important environmental resources and open space, consistent with the City’s sustainability principles. • The pedestrian and cycling network is interwoven through all of the villages and active open spaces at Altair and connects to adjacent communities. Village nodes are within a 5- minute walk of the next village and the majority of the developed area can be traversed north to south in about 30 minutes. • A trail system is provided in the Altair Plan to provide a non-motorized circulation network, separate from the vehicular system, linking villages with each other and with parks and community amenities. This will serve predominantly pedestrians and bicyclists at slow speeds. The trail system will also link to Old Town Temecula and will be accessible by non-residents. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change • Nonresidential land uses such as parks, civic and school facilities are fully integrated with the residential land uses. • Old Town Temecula is served internally by the Old Town Trolley Program. The current loop runs from 2nd to 6th Streets along Mercedes Street and Old Town Front Street. An extension of this route is proposed to link Altair with Old Town Temecula and the Riverside Transit Agency bus system. The Altair development will offer to fund extension of this free trolley service for a period of six months to determine ridership demand. • The project provides mobility options for those who cannot drive. • The project will contain design elements to calm traffic such as narrow lanes, roundabouts, special pavement in key areas, and raised pedestrian street crossings. • The school, parks and other destinations will have adequate and secure bicycle parking. • The existing Eastern Municipal Water District reclaimed water line in Pujol Street adjacent to the easterly project boundary will be used for onsite landscape irrigation. The estimated operational GHG emissions resulting from project implementation are shown in Table 3.6-2. Additionally, in accordance with SCAQMD’s recommendation, the project’s amortized construction-related GHG emissions from Table 3.6-1 are added to the operational emissions estimate in order to determine the project’s total annual GHG emissions. Operational GHG emissions, as shown in Table 3.6-2, incorporate Mitigation Measures MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e. As shown in Table 3.6-2, the project’s total net annual GHG emissions after the incorporation of MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e would be approximately 24,953 MTCO2e per year which would exceed the SCAQMD considered bright-line threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year maximum project emissions. This would result in a significant impact. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change TABLE 3.6-2 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS-RELATED GHG EMISSIONS Emission Source Estimated Emissions CO2e (MT/yr) Construction Annual Construction (Amortized over 30 years) 309.55 Phase 1 Area Sources 8.37 Energy Consumptiona 773.74 Mobile Sourcesb 3,588.90 Solid Waste 28.92 Water Consumptionc 195.15 Total Phase 1 Emissions 4,595.08 Phase 2 Area Sources 11.14 Energy Consumptiona 1,319.60 Mobile Sourcesb 5,617.74 Solid Waste 76.92 Water Consumptionc 294.17 Total Phase 2 Emissions 7,319.57 Phase 3 Area Sources 9.91 Energy Consumptiona 2,646.34 Mobile Sourcesb 9,590.42 Solid Waste 150.54 Water Consumptionc 330.96 Total Phase 3Emissions 12,728.17 Total Project Emissions 24,952.37 Exceed 25,000 MT CO2e/Year No Exceed 10,000 MT CO2e/Year Yes Exceed 3,000 MT CO2e/Year Yes Service Population (SP)d 5,080 Emissions per SP 4.91 Significant? Yes CO2e= carbon dioxide equivalent; MT/yr = metric tons per year; %=percent. a The energy-related GHG emissions, as estimated by CalEEMod, use 2008 Title 24 energy usage rates. However, according to the CEC, buildings that are constructed in accordance with the 2013 Building and Energy Efficiency Standards would be 15 percent more energy efficient than the 2008 Standards. As such, this additional reduction in energy consumption was accounted for in the project’s estimated GHG emissions associated with energy consumption. b GHG emissions reductions associated with mobile sources reflect elements of the project including the proposed density of development (> 10 dwelling units per acre), the diversity of development, and the proximity to transit, consistent with Measures LUT-1, LUT-3 and LUT-5 of the document Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures published by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. The implementation of additional measures will provide further GHG reductions and benefit the project more than is quantified above. c GHG emissions reductions associated with water use resulting from compliance with CALGreen requirements, which requires a minimum 20 percent reduction in indoor water use and the provision of irrigation controllers for outdoor water use, were accounted for in CalEEMod model run. d Service population is the total number of residents and employees within a project area. SOURCE: ESA, 2015 Altair Specific Plan 3.6-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Project GHG Reduction Measures The proposed project incorporates many elements that would serve to promote alternatives to vehicle use or otherwise reduce operational GHG emissions and these elements are consistent with standards identified in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND). LEED-ND takes the green certification concept beyond individual buildings and applies it to the neighborhood context. In particular, LEED-ND contains a set of measurable standards that collectively identify whether a development or proposed development of two buildings or more can be deemed environmentally superior, considering the development’s location and access, its internal pattern and design, and its use of green technology and building techniques. These standards include prerequisites and credits. For example, under the topic of Smart Location and Linkages, a development is required to avoid impacts to imperiled species, wetlands and agricultural lands and to avoid floodplains. Additional credits are awarded for access to transit, housing-jobs proximity and provision of bicycle facilities, to name a few. Other topics with requirements and credits include Neighborhood Pattern and Design, and Green Infrastructure and Buildings. Credits received for these measures would reduce GHG emissions in a number of ways including reduction of vehicle trip generation, increased energy efficiency, and increased water efficiency (energy is used to transport and treat water and wastewater). Mitigation Measure MM-GHG-1 requires the project sponsor to strive to achieve LEED-ND certification for the Altair Specific Plan. Certification requires a total of 40 out of a total of 110 total possible points. (http://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-neighborhood-development- checklist). This project is transit-oriented and incorporates a lengthy list of “smart growth” principles, all of which aim reduce vehicle miles travelled and the accompanying GHG emissions. The project incorporates a mixture of land uses, including homes, retail, and recreational opportunities, increasing walkability and reducing the need for transit in single-occupancy vehicles. The project design incorporates infrastructure for alternative transportation, including complete streets that equally accommodate pedestrians, bicycles, public transit, and vehicles. Despite the fact that the project incorporates all of the design elements described above, project- level emissions would still likely exceed the 3,000 MTECO2e per year threshold even with LEED-ND certification. Therefore, the net increase in GHG emissions resulting from project implementation is considered to be significant and unavoidable. Impact GHG-1: The project could generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure: Implement MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Mitigation Measure MM-GHG-1: Upon full entitlement of the project and prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy for the project, the project sponsor shall submit an application for a Pre-Certified LEED-ND Plan through the U.S. Green Building Council. If the application meets the LEED-ND prerequisites, the project sponsor shall continue with the certification, and the project shall receive a minimum base -level LEED-ND certification within two years of project build-out. If Pre-Certified LEED-ND Plan approval is denied, the project sponsor will be deemed to have exercised best efforts to achieve full certification and no further action is required. Significance after Mitigation: Significant and unavoidable Consistency with GHG Emissions Reduction Plans or Policies Consistency with CARB Scoping Plan Out of the Recommended Actions contained in CARB’s Scoping Plan, the actions that are most applicable to the project would be Actions E-1 (increased Utility Energy efficiency programs including more stringent building and appliance standards), GB-1 (Green building), and W-1 (Increased water use efficiency). CARB Scoping Plan Action E-1, together with Action GB-1 (Green Building), aims to reduce electricity demand by increased efficiency of Utility Energy Programs and adoption of more stringent building and appliance standards, while Action W-1 aims to promote water use efficiency. The project would be designed to comply with the CALGreen Code to ensure that the new residential and non-residential uses would use resources (energy, water, etc.) efficiently and significantly reduce pollution and waste. Implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1d would further require that buildings implement energy efficiency standards that exceed the 2013 Title 24 standards by 15 percent or include onsite renewable energy, such as the incorporation of solar panels into project development, such that 9 percent of the onsite energy consumption is offset, both of which are reflected in the emission inventory for the project presented in Table 3.6-2. Therefore, the project would be consistent with the Scoping Plan measures through incorporation of stricter building and appliance standards. Consistency with Temecula Sustainability Plan The Sustainability Plan is designed as a blueprint by which the City can address sustainability and climate change by setting targets for GHG reductions, energy and water use, growth planning, reducing waste and championing emerging technologies. The initiatives contained in the Sustainability Plan include a variety of goals aimed at reducing GHG emissions city-wide and advancing development that enhances the pedestrian and transit environment. The project, which would be subject to the building requirements of the CALGreen Code, would support the City’s effort of reducing GHG emissions related to energy demand. Also, as discussed above, the Specific Plan includes many elements that would serve to promote alternatives to vehicle use or otherwise reduce operational GHG emissions consistent with the Sustainability Plan. Additionally, eliminating hearths will also reduce GHG emissions. Increasing energy efficiency over Title 24 or incorporating renewable energy sources onsite, as identified in Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1d, will also provide a reduction in GHG emissions. Altair Specific Plan 3.6-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change With implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e and MM-GHG-1 the project would not conflict with applicable plans adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions. Impact GHG-2: The project could potentially conflict with the goals of the City of Temecula’s Sustainability Plan to reduce GHG emissions. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure: Implement MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e, and MM-GHG-1 Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.6-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials This section provides an evaluation of the potential for the project to result in hazards and hazardous materials impacts. Much of the following information is based on the environmental site assessments prepared by LGC Geo-Environmental, Inc. (LGC, 2014) and Phase One, Inc. (Phase One, 2012). The assessments are included in Appendix F of this Draft EIR. 3.7.1 Environmental Setting Definitions Materials and waste are generally considered hazardous if they are poisonous (toxicity), can be ignited by open flame (ignitability), corrode other materials (corrosivity), or react violently, or explode or generate vapors when mixed with water (reactivity). The term “hazardous material” is defined in the State Health and Safety Code (Chapter 6.95, Section 25501[o]) as any material that, because of quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment. A hazardous waste, for the purpose of this EIR, is any hazardous material that is abandoned, discarded, or recycled, as defined in the State Health and Safety Code (Chapter 6.95, Section 25125). The transportation, use, and disposal of hazardous materials, as well as the potential releases of hazardous materials to the environment, are closely regulated through many state and federal laws. Potential Receptors/Exposure The sensitivity of potential receptors in the areas of known or potential hazardous materials contamination is dependent on several factors, the primary factor being the potential pathway for human exposure. Exposure pathways include external exposure, inhalation, and ingestion of contaminated soil, air, water, or food. The magnitude, frequency, and duration of human exposure can cause a variety of health effects, from short-term acute symptoms to long-term chronic effects. Potential health effects from exposure can be evaluated in a health risk assessment. The principle elements of exposure assessments typically include: • Evaluation of the fate and transport processes for hazardous materials at a given site • Identification of potential exposure pathways • Identification of potential exposure scenarios • Calculation of representative chemical concentrations • Estimation of potential chemical uptake Hazardous Building Materials Development and redevelopment projects often involve the need to demolish existing older structures. Many older buildings contain building materials that consist of hazardous materials, which can be hazardous to people and the environment once disturbed. These materials include lead-based paint, asbestos-containing materials (ACM), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Altair Specific Plan 3.7-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials Prior to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ban in 1978, lead-based paint was commonly used on interior and exterior surfaces of buildings. Through such disturbances as sanding and scraping activities, or renovation work, or gradual wear and tear, old peeling paint, or paint dust particulates have been found to contaminate surface soils or cause lead dust to migrate and affect indoor air quality. Exposure to residual lead can cause severe adverse health effects especially in children. Asbestos is a naturally-occurring fibrous material that was extensively used as a fireproofing and insulating agent in building construction materials before such uses were banned by the USEPA in the 1970s. ACM were commonly used for insulation of heating ducts as well as ceiling and floor tiles to name a few typical types of materials. Similar to lead-based paint, ACM contained within the building materials present no significant health risk because there is no exposure pathway. However, once these tiny fibers are disturbed, they can become airborne and become a respiratory hazard. The fibers are very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye. Once they are inhaled, they can become lodged into the lung potentially causing lung disease or other pulmonary complications. PCBs are organic oils that were formerly used primarily as insulators in many types of electrical equipment including transformers and capacitors. After PCBs were determined to be a carcinogen in the mid to late1970s, the USEPA banned PCB use in most new equipment and began a program to phase out certain existing PCB-containing equipment. Fluorescent lighting ballasts manufactured after January 1, 1978, do not contain PCBs and are required to have a label clearly stating that PCBs are not present in the unit. Local Setting Land use within the project area and surrounding area consists primarily of vacant land and residential land uses. According to two different Phase I Environmental Site Assessments, there were no significant sources of potential contamination identified within the project area or immediate vicinity (Phase One, 2012 and LGC, 2013).1 The 2012 Phase I report noted the presence of some debris on the eastern side of their study area which could contain hazardous building materials (Phase One, 2012). However, the eastern side is likely outside of the project area and the more recent Phase I report concluded that there were no materials onsite that had a likelihood for containing hazardous building materials and did not recommend any further testing (LGC, 2013). A regulatory database search of existing sites within and immediately adjacent to the project area was conducted for the purpose of this analysis (Department of Toxic Substances Control [DTSC], 2015). A limited buffer was chosen based on professional judgment considering the general use of hazardous materials in the project site and surroundings. The database search involved a search of the DTSC (EnviroStor) and State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) (GeoTracker) environmental databases for sites with documented use, storage, or release of hazardous materials or petroleum products. The databases identified no sites that have had reported releases of 1 Note that the 2012 Phase I report by Phase One was for a different project but covered an area that overlaps with the project area’s northern portion. Altair Specific Plan 3.7-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials hazardous materials or waste within or relatively close to the project area (DTSC, 2015 and SWRCB, 2015). In addition, both Phase I reports prepared for the project area found no evidence of sites that could have contributed to a migration of contaminants toward the project area (Phase One, 2012 and LGC, 2013). Fire Hazards According to the City of Temecula General Plan and GIS Map Data, a portion of the project area is near a High Fire Hazard Area (Riverside County, 2015). The High Fire Hazard Area is located approximately a quarter of a mile southwest of the project area. Classification of a zone as moderate, high, or very high fire hazard is based on a combination of how a fire will behave and the probability of flames and embers threatening buildings. Each area of the map gets a score for flame length, embers, and the likelihood of the area burning. Scores are then averaged over the zone areas. Final zone class (moderate, high and very high) is based on the average scores for the zone. 3.7.2 Regulatory Framework The Plan is subject to government health and safety regulations applicable to the transportation, use, and disposal of hazardous materials. This section provides an overview of the regulatory setting that is applicable to the health and safety within the project area. Federal The primary federal agencies with responsibility for hazardous materials management include the USEPA, United States Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Fed/OSHA), and the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT). Federal laws, regulations, and responsible agencies are summarized in Table 3.7-1. State California Environmental Protection Agency In January 1996, the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) adopted regulations implementing a Unified Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials Management Regulatory Program (Unified Program). The program has six elements: hazardous waste generators and hazardous waste onsite treatment; underground storage tanks; aboveground storage tanks; hazardous materials release response plans and inventories; risk management and prevention programs; and Unified Fire Code hazardous materials management plans and inventories. The plan is implemented at the local level. The Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) is the local agency that is responsible for the implementation of the Unified Program. In Riverside County, the Riverside County Department of Environmental Health is the designated CUPA for all businesses. Altair Specific Plan 3.7-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials TABLE 3.7-1 FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS RELATED TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT Classification Law or Responsible Federal Agency Description Hazardous Materials Management Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (also known as Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Imposes requirements to ensure that hazardous materials are properly handled, used, stored, and disposed of and to prevent or mitigate injury to human health or the environment in the event that such materials are accidentally released. Hazardous Waste Handling Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) Hazardous and Solid Waste Act Under RCRA, the EPA regulates the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste from “cradle to grave.” Amended RCRA in 1984, affirming and extending the “cradle to grave” system of regulating hazardous wastes. The amendments specifically prohibit the use of certain techniques for the disposal of some hazardous wastes. Hazardous Materials Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) U.S. Postal Service (USPS) Has the regulatory responsibility for the safe transportation of hazardous materials. The DOT regulations govern all means of transportation except packages shipped by mail (49 CRF). USPS regulations govern the transportation of hazardous materials shipped by mail. Occupational Safety Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Fed/OSHA sets standards for safe workplaces and work practices, including the reporting of accidents and occupational injuries (29 CFR). SOURCE: ESA, 2015. Hazardous Materials Management The California Hazardous Materials Release Response Plans and Inventory Law of 1985 (Business Plan Act) requires that any business that handles hazardous materials prepare a business plan, which must include the following: • Details, including floor plans, of the facility and business conducted at the site; • An inventory of hazardous materials that are handled or stored on site; • An emergency response plan; and • A safety and emergency response training program for new employees. Hazardous Waste Handling The Cal EPA DTSC regulates the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. State and federal laws require detailed planning to ensure that hazardous materials are properly handled, used, stored, and disposed of, and, in the event that such materials are accidentally released, to prevent or to mitigate injury to health or the environment. Laws and regulations require hazardous materials users to store these materials appropriately and to train employees to manage them safely. Under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), whose responsibilities are described in Table 3.7-1, above, individual states may implement their own hazardous waste programs in lieu of RCRA, as long as the state program is at least as stringent as federal RCRA requirements. In California, the DTSC regulates the generation, transportation, Altair Specific Plan 3.7-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. The hazardous waste regulations establish criteria for identifying, packaging, and labeling hazardous wastes; prescribe management of hazardous waste; establish permit requirements for hazardous waste treatment, storage, disposal, and transportation; and identify hazardous wastes that cannot be disposed of in landfills. Hazardous Materials Transportation The State of California has adopted USDOT regulations for the intrastate movement of hazardous materials. State regulations are contained in Title 26 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR). In addition, the State of California regulates the transportation of hazardous waste originating in the State and passing through the State (26 CCR). Both regulatory programs apply in California. The two State agencies that have primary responsibility for enforcing federal and State regulations and responding to hazardous materials transportation emergencies are the California Highway Patrol (CHP) and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Occupational Safety The California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal/OSHA) assumes primary responsibility for developing and enforcing workplace safety regulations in California. Because California has a federally approved OSHA program, it is required to adopt regulations that are at least as stringent as those found in Title 29 of the CFR. Cal/OSHA standards are generally more stringent than federal regulations. Cal/OSHA regulations (8 CCR) concerning the use of hazardous materials in the workplace require employee safety training, safety equipment, accident and illness prevention programs, hazardous substance exposure warnings, and emergency action and fire prevention plan preparation. Cal/OSHA enforces hazard communication program regulations, which contain training and information requirements, including procedures for identifying and labeling hazardous substances, and communicating hazard information relating to hazardous substances and their handling. The hazard communication program also requires that Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) be available to employees, and that employee information and training programs be documented. These regulations also require preparation of emergency action plans (escape and evacuation procedures, rescue and medical duties, alarm systems, and training in emergency evacuation). State laws, like federal laws, include special provisions for hazard communication to employees in research laboratories, including training in chemical work practices. Specific, more detailed training and monitoring is required for the use of carcinogens, ethylene oxide, lead, asbestos, and certain other chemicals listed in 29 CFR. Emergency equipment and supplies, such as fire extinguishers, safety showers, and eye washes, must also be provided and maintained in accessible places. Cal/OSHA (8 CCR), like Fed/OSHA (29 CFR) includes extensive, detailed requirements for worker protection applicable to any activity that could disturb asbestos-containing materials, including maintenance, renovation, and demolition. These regulations are also designed to ensure that persons working near the maintenance, renovation, or demolition activity are not exposed to asbestos. Altair Specific Plan 3.7-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials Emergency Response California has developed an emergency response plan to coordinate emergency services provided by federal, state, and local government and private agencies. Responding to hazardous materials incidents is one part of this plan. The plan is administered by the State Office of Emergency Services (OES), which coordinates the responses of other agencies, including Cal EPA, CHP, CDFW, the RWQCB, and the Riverside County Fire Department (RCFD). The RCFD provides first response capabilities, if needed, for hazardous materials emergencies within the project area. See Section 3.12, Public Services, for more information. Local Riverside County Department of Environmental Health The Environmental Protection and Oversight Division (EPO) is one of the two divisions of the Department of Environmental Health (DEH). The EPO Division has regulatory control over a number of hazardous materials, land use and water system based programs. One of these programs previously included household hazardous waste, but as of 2006, that was transferred to the Riverside County Waste Management Department. Riverside County Hazardous Waste Management Plan Developed pursuant to the Tanner Act (AB 2948), the Riverside County Hazardous Waste Management Plan (HWMP) identifies current and projected future hazardous waste generation and management needs throughout the County. The HWMP provides a framework for the development of facilities to manage hazardous wastes, i.e., facility siting criteria. The HWMP also includes a Households Hazardous Waste Element that is designed to divert household hazardous wastes from the County’s landfills. The County HWMP addresses only those hazardous waste issues with which local governments have responsibilities, namely land use decisions. The County and cities are required to implement facility siting policies and criteria within local planning and permitting processes. The City is required to take one of three actions: • Adopt a City hazardous waste management plan; • Incorporate by reference all applicable portions of the County Plan into its General Plan; and • Enact an ordinance requiring all applicable land use permitting and decisions to be consistent with the siting criteria set forth in the County HWMP. The City has adopted by reference the applicable portions of the County HWMP. San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) is located near the southern boundary of Orange County, approximately 25 miles west of Temecula. SONGS is a jointly owned enterprise among Southern California Edison, San Diego Gas and Electric, and the cities of Riverside and Anaheim. For hazard mitigation purposes, the federal and state governments have created three levels of emergency zones surrounding nuclear facilities: Altair Specific Plan 3.7-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials • Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ): The federal government requires that communities within approximately 10 miles of a nuclear power plant be included in an EPZ. Within this zone, specific emergency protective plans have been developed. • Public Education Zone (PEZ): The State of California has defined a broader area between 10 to 20 miles from a plant as a PEZ. Within this zone, the public is informed on preparedness plans. The distance of the project site from the plant, however, would make evacuation highly unlikely. • Ingestion Pathway Zone (IPZ): The City of Temecula is located within this zone which covers the areas within 50 miles of SONGS. The purpose of this zone is to prevent the accidental ingestion of deposited radioactive materials by humans and livestock. Southern California Edison, who operates SONGS, will provide notification to all affected jurisdictions within 15 minutes of declaration of any emergency. On June 7, 2013, Southern California Edison announced that they will be retiring and decommissioning Units 2 and 3 of the nuclear plant and SONGS will be decommissioned by 2015 (Southern California Edison, 2013). They have yet to announce how this will affect these emergency zones. City of Temecula General Plan Public Safety Element The following goals and policies from the City of Temecula General Plan Public Safety Element would apply to the project: Goal 2: Protection of the public and environmental resources from hazards related to hazardous materials and waste, and nuclear power production. Policy 2.1: Minimize the risks associated with hazardous materials through careful land use planning and coordination with responsible federal, State, and County agencies. Policy 2.2: Participate in local and regional programs that facilitate the proper disposal of household hazardous waste. Policy 2.3: The policies and programs of the current Riverside County Hazardous Waste Management Plan (HWMP) are hereby adopted by reference. Policy 2.4: Coordinate with local, State and federal agencies to reduce the risks related to nuclear power production. 3.7.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, hazards and hazardous materials impacts would be considered significant if the project would: Altair Specific Plan 3.7-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials • Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials; • Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment; • Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school; • Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment; • For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area; • For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area; • Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan; or • Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wildlands. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. The following section identifies specific impacts pertaining to hazards or hazardous materials and assesses the change from the existing conditions. Impacts in the following issue areas were found to not be significant in the Initial Study prepared for the project (see Appendix A), and will not be discussed further in this Draft EIR: Airport or Airstrip There are no airports or airstrips located within two miles of the plan area. The closest airport to the plan area is the Billy Joe Airport located approximately 5 miles east. Emergency Response or Evacuation Plan The project could result in an increased resident, employee and visitor population in the area. However, the project would not alter the existing street network, and it would comply with all emergency vehicle access requirements as a condition of construction. Overall, the project would not impede an established emergency access route or interfere with emergency response requirements and would not result in permanent road closures. Therefore, the project would have no impacts to emergency response or evacuation plans. Altair Specific Plan 3.7-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials Methodology The following analysis considers potential impacts associated with full buildout of the project without necessarily considering the phased development that would occur. In this way, potential impacts would be analyzed for what would be the worst case scenario in terms of impacts associated with hazards and hazardous materials. Impacts Transport, Use, or Disposal of Hazardous Materials Construction Construction activities would require the use of certain hazardous materials such as fuels, oils, solvents, and glues. Inadvertent release of large quantities of these materials into the environment could adversely impact soil, surface waters, or groundwater quality. However, the onsite storage and/or use of large quantities of materials capable of impacting soil and groundwater are not typically required for the anticipated individual projects that would occur under the proposed plan. In addition, for any sites that would disturb more than one acre, a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit for General Construction would be required which include measures that cover the transport, use, and disposal of hazardous materials during construction. With adherence to these existing regulations, the potential impact associated with routine transportation, use, and disposal of hazardous materials would be less than significant. In addition, adherence to existing regulations would reduce the potential for hazardous building materials to impact the environment or the public. Therefore, as already required by applicable regulations and laws, proposed redevelopment of older existing facilities would be required to adhere to appropriate identification and abatement procedures by certified contractors who employ practices that limit the exposure of hazardous building materials, where present. Therefore, this would be a less than significant impact. Operation Proposed development facilitated under the project would be expected to increase residential and accessory commercial land uses that could involve a range of increased chemical products that are considered hazardous materials or hazardous waste. Exposure to hazardous chemicals through improper handling or through accidental upset conditions could cause acute or chronic health effects to the public and environment. Handling and use of these hazardous materials and the disposal of the resulting hazardous wastes would be required to follow the applicable laws and regulations, as described in Regulatory Setting above. The net result of compliance would be the reduction of risks and hazards to workers, the public, and the environment to levels that would be considered acceptable. Hazardous materials would typically be stored in their original containers prior to use. As required, the hazardous materials would be stored in compatible locations in each building, and in storage enclosures (i.e., flammable material storage cabinets and biological safety cabinets), or in areas or rooms specially designed, protected, and contained for such storage, in accordance with applicable regulations. Hazardous materials would be handled and used in accordance with Altair Specific Plan 3.7-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials applicable regulations by personnel that have been trained in the handling and use of the material and that have received proper hazard-communication training. Hazardous materials reporting (i.e., California Hazardous Materials Business Planning, California Proposition 65 notification, and Emergency Planning and Community-Right-to-Know Act reporting) would be completed as required. Existing regulatory requirements, such as RCRA “cradle to grave” requirements for hazardous materials and the County’s Hazardous Materials Management Plan, establish minimum standards for businesses handling hazardous materials. This regulatory framework requires that hazardous materials are stored, handled, and disposed of according to the Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Plan of Riverside County and also contains restrictions pertaining to facilities handling large quantities of hazardous materials; however it is important to note that the project does not include industrial or manufacturing uses that would qualify as large quantities. Transportation routes for hazardous materials would be identified and regulated by Caltrans to minimize the potential adverse effects from accidental upset conditions. Therefore, operational impacts would be a less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Reasonably Foreseeable Upset and Accident Conditions Construction Temporary construction activities associated with development under the proposed project may involve the use of limited quantities of gasoline, diesel fuel, hydraulic fluid, solvents, oils, and paints for the construction of individual villages within the project area. These materials would be transported along the roadways and temporarily stored onsite. Containment and spill cleanup is encompassed in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) discussed in Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality, to prevent hazardous materials from spreading off the property. Hazardous materials generated during construction would be disposed of as described in the required SWPPP. Therefore, as a condition of construction, compliance with existing regulations (NPDES) would address potential upsets and accidents limiting the potential impacts during construction to less than significant. Operation As noted above, proposed land uses include primarily residential and some limited accessory commercial that would likely include the use of hazardous materials and waste common to mixed-use developments. These chemicals could include common materials such as toners, paints, lubricants, and kitchen and restroom cleaners, as well as relatively small quantities of fuels, oils, and other petroleum-based products. Industrial uses could include storage, transport, handling, and disposal of larger quantities of hazardous materials. If not handled appropriately, upset and accident conditions could result in releases of hazardous materials or wastes that result in adverse effects to residents, workers, the public or the environment. As described above, any businesses that would store hazardous materials and/or waste at its business site would be required to submit a Hazardous Materials Management Plan in accordance with the County HWMP. Both the federal and State governments require all businesses that Altair Specific Plan 3.7-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials handle more than a specified amount of hazardous materials to submit an annual business plan to the local CUPA. The CUPA responsible for the City of Temecula is the Riverside County Environmental Health Department (RCDEH). The RCDEH requires all new commercial and other users to follow applicable regulations and guidelines regarding storage and handling of hazardous waste so that accidental spills or releases are minimized and spill response supplies are readily available. In accordance with the Uniform Fire Code (UFC), the City of Temecula Fire Department conducts site inspections to ensure hazardous materials are stored and handled properly and safety supplies are readily accessible. Industrial uses with relatively larger quantities of hazardous materials use, storage, and disposal of wastes have more stringent inspection and safety requirements that would similarly minimize any accidental releases. With adherence to these existing regulatory requirements, the potential to adversely affect workers, residents, visitors, or the environment would be reduced to less than significant levels. The project area is located more than 25 miles from the SONGS, but within what is known as the Ingestion Pathway Zone (IPZ), which covers all areas within 50 miles of the facility. The purpose of the IPZ is to identify potential areas where accidental ingestion of deposited radioactive materials could occur in the unlikely event of an accidental release. A radioactive release has the potential to contaminate food and/or liquid produced or collected from the area. Therefore, this IPZ is designed to protect consumers from the ingestion of contaminated crops. Southern California Edison is responsible for the operation of SONGS, and as part of their safety requirements, they have detailed emergency response plans that will provide notification to all affected jurisdictions within 15 minutes of declaration of any emergency. Releases of radioactivity from nuclear power plants is relatively rare and with implementation of the emergency response plans including the notifications that would occur within the IPZ potential impacts would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Hazardous Emissions Near Schools The proposed project includes the option of constructing an elementary school site just beyond one-quarter mile of International Rectifier Corporation and other businesses located just east of Rancho California Road, which may have the potential for hazardous emissions or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste that could cause an impact to sensitive receptor sites such as the proposed school. In addition to mandatory adherence to City and County requirements, compliance with the requirements of CCR Title 5, Section 14010, Standards for School Site Construction, and the California Department of Education School Facilities Planning Division (as overseen by DTSC) further ensures that hazardous materials impacts on the proposed school would be less than significant. Prior to issuance of a building permit, in accordance with California Education Code Sections 17210 through 17224 and related statutory provisions, the school district would be required to prepare a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment and/or a Preliminary Endangerment Assessment (PEA) to identify potential contamination and evaluate whether it presents a risk to human health or the environment at proposed school properties, as overseen by DTSC. Altair Specific Plan 3.7-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials Further, all new development under the proposed project would be required to follow applicable regulations and guidelines regarding storage and handling of hazardous waste. All hazardous materials would be required to be stored and handled according to manufacturer’s directions and local, state, and federal regulations. These requirements would include posting of signs, notification of the local fire department, filing of the Hazardous Materials Business Plan, and use of specialized containment facilities. However, proposed development under the project is primarily residential which typically handles relatively small quantities of hazardous materials with insubstantial emissions. As a result, the potential impact of emissions on schools would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Located on a Hazardous Materials Sites List As noted in the Section 3.7.1, according to the two different Phase I reports completed for the project area and vicinity, there are no reported incidents of releases of hazardous materials. In addition, review of available databases from the DTSC and SWRCB revealed no sites within the project area or immediate vicinity that would likely indicate the presence of contamination on the site or in subsurface materials. As result, the potential impact is considered less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Wildfire According to the City of Temecula General Plan and GIS Map Data, a portion of the project is near a High Fire Hazard Area. The Western Bypass will serve as a fire break between wildland areas and proposed development. In addition, a Fuel Modification Plan will be prepared as part of the project and incorporated into the Altair Specific Plan to identify appropriate structure setbacks and landscape requirements for the interior of the project to address this hazard. Also, the project would be required to adhere to all fire suppression requirements in accordance with the most recent Uniform Fire Code, which provides minimum fire safety measures that would be incorporated into all building designs. Fire protection services are provided to the City of Temecula through a contract with the Riverside County Fire Department (RCFD) under a cooperative agreement with CAL FIRE. The project area is located in the Temecula Division of the RCFD and is served primarily by stations that are a part of Battalion 15 (Temecula). The closest fire station in Battalion 15 that provides fire protection and paramedic services to the project area is Fire Station No. 12, located at 28330 Mercedes Street, approximately 0.34 miles northeast of the project area. The equipment used by the RCFD has the versatility to respond to both urban and wildland emergency conditions. See Section 3.12, Public Services, for more information. Therefore, with adherence to existing Fire Code regulatory requirements for new construction, implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-HAZ-1, and the capabilities of existing fire protection services, the potential impact from wildfires would be less than significant. Altair Specific Plan 3.7-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.7 Hazards and Hazardous Materials Impact HAZ-1: The project site is near a high fire hazard area which could increase the threat of wildfire on human populations and property. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-HAZ-1: Prior to the issuance of a building permit for the project, the applicant shall prepare and submit a Fire Modification Plan (FMP) for the project to the City Community Development and Fire Departments for review and approval. The FMP shall address areas within the project boundary that are adjacent to a proposed Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) Conservation Area. The FMP shall include, without limitation, the following information and standards: • Environmental setting that describes the topography and geology, climate, flammable vegetation in and around the project site, water supply for fire protection, fire access roads, and fire protection systems and equipment • General description of fire behavior in the project area based on such factors as predominant fuel types, topography and climate • The establishment of a 100-foot wide fuel modification area located within the project boundary for land adjacent to a proposed MSHCP Conservation Area • A fuel modification area shall have two distinct fuel modification zones: Zone 1 and Zone 2 • A site plan identifying the location of the fuel modification area and zones • Zone 1 shall extend 30 feet from any habitable structure; Zone 2 shall extend 70 feet beyond Zone 1 • Zone 1 shall include the following minimum standards: o No habitable structures o New construction (i.e. fences, walls, gazebos) must be non-combustible and/or have a minimum 1-hour fire rating o Plants should be primarily low growing (less than 4 feet in height), low-fuel, and fire resistant o Regular Maintenance to include thinning and pruning of trees and plants • Zone 2 shall include the following minimum standards: o Regular maintenance to include selective thinning and pruning of native and non- native plants to reduce fuel load • A list of plants not recommended to be used within the fuel modification zones • Identification of entity responsible for regular maintenance Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.7-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality This section provides an analysis of the Project’s potential impacts associated with hydrology and water quality. Major references used to prepare this section include the Water Quality Management Plan prepared for the project (Appendix G), the Water Supply Assessment prepared for the project (Appendix J), the Preliminary Drainage Study prepared for the project (Appendix K), and the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board Basin Plan (SDRWQCB, 2011) and Regional MS4 Permit (NPDES Order No. R9-2013-0001). 3.8.1 Environmental Setting Regional Setting The City of Temecula (City) has a generally mild coastal climate, with an average annual temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit and average annual rainfall of 10 to 13 inches. Proceeding inland, temperature and rainfall intensity variations increase. Surface and ground waters within the region generally flow east to west toward the Pacific Ocean (San Diego County, 2005). The project area is located within the Santa Margarita River Watershed (SMRW) under the jurisdiction of the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board (SDRWQCB). The SMRW consists of approximately 750 square miles within San Diego County and southwestern Riverside County, and is drained primarily by the Santa Margarita River. The main tributaries of this southwesterly flowing river are Temecula and Murrieta Creeks. The creeks drain the inland portion of the Santa Margarita River Basin and join with the Santa Margarita River at Temecula Canyon (Temecula, 2004). The Santa Margarita River flows southwest into the Temecula Gorge, crosses the San Diego County line just north of the City of Fallbrook, flows through the coastal plain encompassing parts of Camp Pendleton, and then discharges into the Pacific Ocean through the Santa Margarita Estuary. The Temecula Gorge and the Santa Ana Mountains serve as a natural barrier between the upper and lower portions of the SMRW. The SMRW contains nine hydrologic basins delineated by the SDRWQCB and is primarily based on surface drainage boundaries (San Diego County, 2005). Local Setting The Project area is located in the Murrieta Hydrologic Area. The Project site is situated at the base of the Santa Rosa foothills on the westerly side of the Temecula Valley. Storm water runoff from these foothills flows easterly across the project site and directly or indirectly into Murrieta Creek. Storm runoff is conveyed over the natural ground surface as sheet flow or in ravines towards the east (Chang Consultants, 2015). The runoff is collected by a series of existing storm drain facilities near the easterly property line (Chang Consultants, 2015). The facilities convey the site runoff easterly into the nearby Murrieta Creek (Chang Consultants, 2015). The SDRWQCB lists water quality objectives for inland surface waters that must be protected against degradation. Table 3.8-1 shows the water quality objectives for the Murrieta Hydrologic Altair Specific Plan 3.8-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Area. Table 3.8-2 shows the beneficial uses associated with Murrieta Creek, as designated by the SDRWCB Basin Plan. TABLE 3.8-1 WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES1 FOR INLAND SURFACE WATERS WITHIN THE MURRIETA HYDROLOGIC AREA Constituent Murrieta Hydrologic Area2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 750 Chloride (Cl) 300 Sulfate (SO4) 300 Percent sodium (%Na) 60 Nitrogen and Phosphorous (N&P) a3 Iron (Fe) 0.3 Manganese (Mn) 0.05 Methylene Blue-Activated Substances (MBAS) 0.5 Boron (B) 0.75 Tastes and Odors (ODOR) None Turbidity (Turb NTU) 20 Color Units 20 Fluoride (F) 1.0 1. Concentrations not to be exceeded more than 10% of the time during any one year period. 2. mg/L or as noted 3. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, by themselves or in combination with other nutrients, shall be maintained at levels below those which stimulate algae and emergent plant growth. Threshold total Phosphorus (P) concentrations shall not exceed 0.05 mg/l in any stream at the point where it enters any standing body of water, nor 0.025 mg/l in any standing body of water. A desired goal in order to prevent plant nuisances in streams and other flowing waters appears to be 0.1 mg/l total P. These values are not to be exceeded more than 10% of the time unless studies of the specific body in question clearly show that water quality objective changes are permissible and changes are approved by the Regional Board. Analogous threshold values have not been set for nitrogen compounds; however, natural ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus are to be determined by surveillance and monitoring and upheld. If data are lacking, a ratio of N: P=10:1 shall be used. SOURCE: SDRWQCB, 2011. TABLE 3.8-2 BENEFICIAL USES OF SURFACE WATER BODIES WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA Beneficial Uses Murrieta Creek (2.31) Municipal and Domestic Supply (MUN) E Agricultural Supply (AGR) E Industrial Service Supply (IND) E Industrial Process Supply (PROC) E Contact Water Recreation (REC-1) P Non-contact Water Recreation (REC-2) E Warm Freshwater Habitat (WARM) E Wildlife Habitat (WILD) E E: Existing beneficial use P: Potential beneficial use (a use which once existed and could potentially exist again) SOURCE: SDRWQCB, 2011. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Water Quality Murrieta Creek is listed as impaired on the State of California’s 2010 list of impaired water bodies pursuant to provisions of Clean Water Act Section 303(d). Murrieta Creek is impaired by metals/metalloids, nutrients, pesticides and toxicity. Table 3.8-3 shows the 303(d) impairments and potential pollutant sources for Murrieta Creek. TABLE 3.8-3 303(D) IMPAIRED WATERBODIES WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA Waterbody Pollutant Potential Source Murrieta Creek Chlorpyrifos Natural Sources, Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers, Nonpoint Source Copper Natural Sources, Urban Runoff, Nonpoint Source Iron Natural Sources Manganese Source Unknown Nitrogen Urban Runoff, Point Source, Nonpoint Source Phosphorous Urban Runoff, Point Source, Nonpoint Source Toxicity Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers, Point Source, Nonpoint Source SOURCE: SWRCB EPA Approved 303(d) List, 2010. Flood Zone The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) identifies areas throughout the United States that are at risk for flooding. Flood Zone A identifies areas subject to inundation by the one percent-annual-chance (100-year) flood event. As identified in the City’s General Plan Flood Hazards Map, the Project area is not within the 100-year flood zone of Murrieta Creek. Groundwater Hydrology The Project area overlies the Temecula Valley Groundwater Basin, which has a surface area of about 137 square miles. The basin is bounded by non-water-bearing crystalline rocks of the Peninsular Ranges. Natural recharge of the basin’s water-bearing alluvium is from direct precipitation and percolation in the Warm Springs, Tucalota, Santa Gertrudis, Murrieta, and Pechanga Creeks, and the Temecula River. Groundwater flows to the southwestern part of the basin. There are two aquifers within the Basin, the Pauba aquifer and the Temecula aquifer (RCWD, 2015). The project area overlies the Pauba aquifer. The Pauba aquifer covers approximately 18 square miles and the storage capacity of the Pauba aquifer has been estimated at 200,000 AF (RCWD, 2015). The Pauba aquifer is underlain by the confined Temecula aquifer. The Temecula aquifer extends over an area of approximately 100 square miles and is comprised of consolidated sediments that underlie and extend beyond the boundaries of the Pauba aquifer (RCWD, 2015). The Rancho California Water District (RCWD) estimates the storage capacity of the Temecula aquifer at two million acre-feet (MAF), while DWR reports groundwater storage within both the Pauba and Temecula aquifers at approximately 250,000 AF (RCWD, 2015). Total natural safe yield of the Basin is estimated at 34,400 AFY (RCWD, 2015). Altair Specific Plan 3.8-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality The project area is supplied water by RCWD; RCWD currently relies on groundwater from the Murrieta-Temecula groundwater basin for a portion of its total water supply (approximately 26,500 AFY). RCWD also recharges the groundwater basin with imported untreated surface water and recycled water. Table 3.8-4 shows the projected supplies and demand in the RCWD service area. TABLE 3.8-4 PROJECTED POTABLE WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND NORMAL WATER YEAR (AF) Water Supply/Demands 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 SUPPLIES Treated 40,122 49,464 53,827 58,190 62,595 67,083 Untreated – groundwater recharge/recovery 12,512 18,300 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 Untreated – SMR discharges 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 Local Groundwater 26,500 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 Total Potable Supplies 89,415 103,152 107,598 111,919 116,408 120,897 Recycled (EMWD/RCWD)1 9,156 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 DEMAND District2 70,299 74,334 78,569 82,684 86,959 91,324 Altair Specific Plan 224 713 621 526 473 452 Uptown Jefferson Specific Plan 0 244 608 1,151 1,479 1,616 Temecula Creek Inn Specific Plan 0 636 720 720 720 720 Total Potable Demands 70,523 75,927 80,518 85,081 89,631 94,112 Recycled (District) 9,156 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 Recycled (Project) 0 99 99 99 99 99 Recycled Temecula Creek Inn Specific Plan 0 <2> <2> <2> <2> <2> SUPPLY/DEMAND DIFFERENCE 18,892 27,225 27,080 26,838 26,777 26,785 1 Recycled water supply includes SRWRF 2010 capacity of 3,160 AF, increased by 2880 AF in 2015 and another 560 AF in 2020; current EMWD agreement for TVWRF water is for up to 5,000 AFY. 2 The rate of potable demand increase from 2018 to 2043 is projected to be consistent with the rate of service area population increase over the same period. Potable demand includes water conveyed outside the RCWD service area, but does not include unaccounted-for water. SOURCE: RCWD, 2015b. As shown in the table above, the imported water utilized for groundwater recharge and recovery would increase until 2023 and remain constant through 2043. Further, local groundwater pumping by RCWD water supply is expected to decrease by 2,380 AF to 24,120 AFY in 2018 and to remain at this level of pumping in the foreseeable future (RCWD, 2011). These projections consider land use, water development programs and projects, and water conservation. On April 1, 2015, the State issued Executive Order B-29-15 in response to severe drought conditions, which imposes restrictions to achieve a statewide 25 percent reduction in potable urban water usage through February 28, 2016. RCWD is expected to reduce its water use by 36 Altair Specific Plan 3.8-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality percent. On April 14, 2015, Metropolitan announced a 15 percent reduction in wholesale deliveries to its 26 member public agencies, as part of the current Water Supply Allocation Plan. Effective June 1, 2015, RCWD moved to Stage 4a, which is defined as an Extreme Water Supply Warning, in accordance with its Water Shortage Contingency Plan, which states that residential and landscape tier 2 water budgets must be reduced by 30 percent, agricultural and commercial customers tier 1 budgets must be reduced by 10 percent, and all customers to reduce outdoor water usage by 50 percent. However, water use reduction is expected to be achieved through a variety of methods, including water conservation, public awareness and technology efficiency, implemented by RCWD. Refer to Section 3.14, Utilities and Service Systems, for additional discussion on water supplies and current restrictions due to drought conditions. Groundwater Quality Constituents of concern for the Temecula Basin are total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), perchlorate, fluoride and manganese (MWD, 2007). Groundwater in most of the Pauba aquifer and the Temecula aquifer is generally suitable for domestic and irrigation uses (MWD, 2007). TDS concentrations in the lower, confined and semi-confined Temecula aquifer tend to be lower than in the Pauba aquifer, though the percent sodium is higher in the Temecula aquifer (MWD, 2007). Sampling at RCWD’s wells between 2002 and 2004 has indicated that the primary maximum contaminant level (MCL) standard of 2 mg/L for fluoride has been exceeded (MWD, 2007). However, well water is blended with other well water and imported MWD water and the distribution system average level of fluoride was well below the MCL (MWD, 2007). Well sampling has also indicated high levels for manganese, but blending reduces the manganese concentration to the non-detect level (MWD, 2007). Dams and Levees There are three dams located within proximity of the project area. The project area is located approximately eight miles southwest of Lake Skinner Dam, a 43,800-acre feet earthen dam. Failure of Lake Skinner would result in flooding along Tucalota Creek and Benton Road. The project area is also located 9.5 miles west of Vail Lake Dam, which contains a 51,000-acre foot storage reservoir. Failure of this facility would cause flooding in the Pauba and Temecula Valleys, along with I-15 and an adjacent three-mile area. Finally, the project area is 12.5 miles southwest of Diamond Valley Lake, which is the largest reservoir in Southern California and is impounded by two earthen dams. Failure of this facility would lead to flooding in the northern parts of the Temecula Planning Area (which includes the City of Temecula and some surrounded unincorporated communities) (City of Temecula, 1993). Both Lake Skinner and Vail Lake are considered as having a high downstream hazard potential ranking, which applies to dams whose failure or disoperation will probably cause loss of human life. A portion of the project area closest to Murrieta Creek may be located in a dam inundation area (City of Temecula, 1993). Mud and Debris Flows Mud and debris flows originate in hillside areas characterized by deep topsoil and/or poor drainage. The potential for mud and debris flows exists in the hilly southern and western portions of Temecula (City of Temecula, 1993). Altair Specific Plan 3.8-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality 3.8.2 Regulatory Framework Clean Water Act The Clean Water Act (CWA) (33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq.), formerly the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, was enacted with the intent of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the waters of the U.S. The CWA required states to set standards to protect, maintain, and restore water quality through the regulation of point source and certain non-point source discharges to surface water. The CWA was enacted to prohibit the discharge of pollutants to waters of the U.S. from any point source, unless a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit authorizes the discharge. Regulatory and permitting processes have been established to control the quality of water runoff from urban development. The CWA was amended in 1987, requiring the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to create specific requirements for storm water discharges. In response to the 1987 amendments to the CWA, the USEPA established Phase I of the NPDES Stormwater Program, which required NPDES permits for: (1) municipal separate storm sewer systems generally serving or located in incorporated cities with 100,000 or more people (referred to as municipal permits); (2) 11 specific categories of industrial activity (including landfills); and (3) construction activity that disturbs more than five acres of land. In March 2003, Phase II of the NPDES Program extended the requirements for NPDES permits to numerous small municipal separate storm sewer systems, construction sites of one to five acres, and industrial facilities owned or operated by small municipal separate storm sewer systems, all of which were previously exempted from permitting requirements. Section 402(p) of the CWA mandates that these municipal storm water permits must: (1) effectively prohibit the discharge of non-storm water to the system except under certain provisions, and (2) require controls to reduce pollutants in discharges from the system to the maximum extent practicable, including Best Management Practices (BMPs); control techniques; and system, design, and engineering methods. National Flood Insurance Program FEMA is responsible for determining flood elevations and floodplain boundaries based on United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) studies. FEMA is also responsible for distributing the Flood Insurance Rate Maps used in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). These maps identify the locations of special flood hazard areas, including the 100-year floodplain. FEMA allows non-residential development in the floodplain; however, construction activities are restricted within flood hazard areas, depending on the potential for flooding within each area. Federal regulations governing development in a floodplain are set forth in Title 44, Part 60 of the Code of Federal Regulations, enabling FEMA to require municipalities that participate in the NFIP to adopt certain flood hazard reduction standards for construction and development in 100- year floodplains. The City’s Flood Damage Prevention Regulations detail methods and provisions for construction and development in 100-year floodplains. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Construction General Permit The California Construction Stormwater Permit (Construction General Permit, Order No. 2012- 006-DWQ, amends 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ), adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB), regulates construction activities that include clearing, grading, and excavation resulting in soil disturbance of at least one acre of total land area. The Construction General Permit authorizes the discharge of storm water to surface waters from construction activities. It prohibits the discharge of materials other than storm water and authorized non-storm water discharges and all discharges that contain a hazardous substance in excess of reportable quantities established at 40 Code of Federal Regulations 117.3 or 40 Code of Federal Regulations 302.4, unless a separate NPDES Permit has been issued to regulate those discharges. The Construction General Permit requires that all developers of land where construction activities will occur over more than one acre do the following: • Complete a Risk Assessment to determine pollution prevention requirements pursuant to the Risk Levels established in the General Permit. • Eliminate or reduce non-storm water discharges to storm sewer systems and other waters of the nation. • Develop and implement a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), which specifies BMPs that will reduce pollution in storm water discharges to the Best Available Technology Economically Achievable/Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology standards. • Perform inspections and maintenance of all BMPs. In order to obtain coverage under the NPDES Construction General Permit, the Legally Responsible Person must electronically file all Permit Registration Documents with the SWRCB prior to the start of construction. Permit Registration Documents must include: • Notice of Intent • Risk Assessment • Site Map • SWPPP • Annual Fee • Signed Certification Statement Typical BMPs contained in SWPPP are designed to minimize erosion during construction (minimization of vegetation disturbance), stabilize construction areas (soil binders), control sediment (fiber rolls and sand bags), control pollutants from construction materials (vehicle fueling and maintenance only in designated areas), and address post construction runoff quantity (volume) and quality (treatment) (final site stabilization including hydroseeding). The SWPPP must also include a discussion of the program to inspect and maintain all BMPs. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Regional Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Permit The project area is currently under the jurisdiction of the SDRWQCB 2010 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit issued to the Riverside County Copermittees in the Santa Margarita Region (Order No. R9-2010-0016) and which expires on November 10, 2015. The MS4 Permit requires Copermittees to reduce the discharge of storm water pollutants to the maximum extent practicable and ensure MS4 discharges do not cause or contribute to violations of water quality standards. The MS4 Permit also requires implementation of various site design best management practices (BMPs) and treatment control BMPs to reduce the possibility of pollutants stored or produced onsite from entering surface water. The MS4 Permit also includes Low Impact Development (LID) BMPs for Priority Development Projects. Under this MS4 Permit, Priority Development Projects do not include redevelopment projects. The following are Priority Development Project Categories as defined by the Permit: a) New development projects that create 10,000 square feet or more of impervious surfaces (collectively over the entire project site) including commercial, industrial, residential, mixed-use, and public projects. This category includes development projects on public or private land which fall under the planning and building authority of the Copermittees. b) Automotive repair shops. This category is defined as a facility that is categorized in any one of the following Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes: 5013, 5014, 5541, 7532-7534, or 7536-7539. c) Restaurants. This category is defined as a facility that sells prepared foods and drinks for consumption, including stationary lunch counters and refreshment stands selling prepared foods and drinks for immediate consumption (SIC code 5812), where the land area for development is greater than 5,000 square feet. Restaurants where land development is less than 5,000 square feet must meet all SSMP requirements except for structural treatment BMP and numeric sizing criteria requirement F.1.d.(6) and hydromodification requirement F.1.h. d) All hillside development greater than 5,000 square feet. This category is defined as any development which creates 5,000 square feet of impervious surface which is located in an area with known erosive soil conditions, where the development will grade on any natural slope that is twenty-five percent or greater. e) Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs). All development located within, or directly adjacent to, or discharging directly to an ESA (where discharges from the development or redevelopment will enter receiving waters within the ESA), which either creates 2,500 square feet of impervious surface on a proposed project site or increases the area of imperviousness of a proposed project site to 10 percent or more of its naturally occurring condition. “Directly adjacent” means situated within 200 feet of the ESA. “Discharging directly to” means outflow from a drainage conveyance system that is composed entirely of flows from the subject development or redevelopment site, and not commingled with flows from adjacent lands. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality f) Impervious parking lots 5,000 square feet or more and potentially exposed to runoff. Parking lot is defined as a land area or facility for the temporary parking or storage of motor vehicles used personally, for business, or for commerce. g) Street, roads, highways, and freeways. This category includes any paved impervious surface that is 5,000 square feet or greater used for the transportation of automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, and other vehicles. Where Copermittees develop revised standard roadway design and post-construction BMP guidance that comply with the provisions of Section F.1 of the Order, public works projects that implement the revised standard roadway sections do not have to develop a project specific SSMP. The standard roadway design and post-construction BMP guidance must be submitted with the Copermittee’s updated SSMP. h) Retail Gasoline Outlets (RGOs). This category includes RGOs that meet the following criteria: (a) 5,000 square feet or more or (b) a projected Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of 100 or more vehicles per day. In June of 2013, the SDRWQCB adopted Regional MS4 Permit, or Fifth Term Permit (Order No. R9-2013-0001; NPDES No. CAS0109266). Riverside County Copermittees will become subject to the new order following the expiration of the current MS4 Permit (Order No. R9-2010-0016) on November 10, 2015. The Regional MS4 Permit focuses less on completing specific actions and more on reaching goals and desired outcomes towards the improvement of water quality. The Regional MS4 Permit requires a minimum set of BMPs for all development projects (regardless of project type or size), during the planning process (i.e., prior to project approval and issuance of local permits), including unpaved roads and flood management projects. The Regional MS4 Permit also requires certain LID BMPs for all development projects, including conservation of natural areas and minimization of soil compaction. In addition, the Regional MS4 Permit includes additional specific requirements for Priority Development Projects. Priority Development Projects include the following: a) New development projects that create 10,000 square feet or more of impervious surfaces b) Redevelopment projects that create and/or replace 5,000 square feet or more of impervious surface on an existing site of 10,000 square feet or more of impervious surfaces c) New and redevelopment projects that create 5,000 square feet or more of impervious surfaces and support one or more of the following uses: i. Restaurants ii. Hillside development projects iii. Parking lots iv. Streets, roads, highways d) New or redevelopment projects that create or replace 2,500 square feet or more of impervious surface and discharge directly into an environmentally sensitive area e) New development projects that support either automotive repair shops or retail gasoline outlets Altair Specific Plan 3.8-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality f) New or redevelopment projects that result in the disturbance of one or more acres of land and are expected to generate pollutants post construction Additional requirements for priority projects include structural LID BMPs, (such as runoff filtration, hydromodification management, infiltration and groundwater protection) and long-term maintenance plans for these BMPs. All developers are required to submit a construction BMP plan that details seasonally appropriate and effective BMPs for construction of a project site to the City for approval. Examples of construction BMPs include good housekeeping, erosion control, sediment control, and run-on and run-off control. The Regional MS4 Permit lists the following BMP requirements that must be implemented during the planning process (i.e., prior to project approval and issuance of local permits) for all development projects (regardless of project type or size): (1) General Requirements: a) Onsite BMPs must be located so as to remove pollutants from runoff prior to its discharge to any receiving waters, and as close to the source as possible. b) Structural BMPs must not be constructed within waters of the U.S. c) Onsite BMPs must be designed and implemented with measures to avoid the creation of nuisance or pollution associated with vectors (e.g., mosquitos, rodents, or flies). (2) Source Control BMP Requirements: a) Prevention of illicit discharges into the MS4 b) Storm drain system stenciling or signage c) Protect outdoor material storage areas from rainfall, run-on, runoff, and wind dispersal d) Protect materials stored in outdoor work areas from rainfall, run-on, runoff, and wind dispersal e) Protect trash storage areas from rainfall, run-on, runoff, and wind dispersal f) Any additional BMPs determined to be necessary by the Copermittee to minimize pollutant generation at each project (3) LID BMP Requirements: a) Maintenance or restoration of natural storage reservoirs and drainage corridors (including topographic depressions, areas of permeable soils, natural swales, and ephemeral and intermittent streams) b) Buffer zones for natural water bodies (where buffer zones are technically infeasible, require project applicant to include other buffers such as trees, access restrictions, etc.) c) Conservation of natural areas within the project footprint including existing trees, other vegetation, and soils Altair Specific Plan 3.8-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality d) Construction of streets, sidewalks, or parking lot aisles to the minimum widths necessary, provided public safety is not compromised e) Minimization of the impervious footprint of the project f) Minimization of soil compaction to landscaped areas g) Disconnection of impervious surfaces through distributed pervious areas h) Landscaped or other pervious areas designed and constructed to effectively receive and infiltrate, retain and/or treat runoff from impervious areas, prior to discharging to the MS4 i) Small collection strategies located at, or as close as possible to, the source (i.e., the point where storm water initially meets the ground) to minimize the transport of runoff and pollutants to the MS4 and receiving waters j) Use of permeable materials for projects with low traffic areas and appropriate soil conditions k) Landscaping with native or drought tolerant species l) Harvesting and using precipitation Furthermore, should the development be considered a priority project under Regional MS4 requirements, the applicant would be required to implement specific structural BMPs that conform to performance requirements described below: a) Each Priority Development Project must be required to implement LID BMPs that are designed to retain (i.e., intercept, store, infiltrate, evaporate, and evapotranspire) onsite the pollutants contained in the volume of storm water runoff produced from a 24-hour 85th percentile storm event (design capture volume). b) Post-project runoff conditions (flow rates and durations) must not exceed pre- development runoff conditions by more than 10 percent (for the range of flows that result in increased potential for erosion, or degraded instream habitat downstream of Priority Development Projects). c) Each Priority Development Project must avoid critical sediment yield areas or implement measures that allow critical coarse sediment to be discharged to receiving waters, such that there is no net impact to the receiving water. d) A Priority Development Project may be allowed to utilize alternative compliance in lieu of complying with the performance requirements identified above. The Priority Development Project must mitigate for the post-project runoff conditions not fully managed onsite, if used. New elements in the Regional MS4 Permit include stormwater and non-stormwater action level compliance, development of a water quality improvement plan (WQIP) in each watershed management area, use of water quality action levels to prioritize actions under the WQIP, more specific monitoring and assessment programs, and updated jurisdictional runoff management programs (based on WQIP strategies). The WQIP for the Santa Margarita River Watershed Altair Specific Plan 3.8-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Management Area has yet to be developed; its deadline for completion is June 2015. Once developed, the City of Temecula Jurisdictional Runoff Management Plan (JRMP) for the Santa Margarita Region will be updated, based on the WQIP principles. According to Regional MS4 Requirements, the WQIP will identify priority water bodies and water body improvement goals and schedules, along with a monitoring and assessment program that assess the progress towards achieving those goals. The Regional MS4 Permit also requires the development and update of each Copermittee’s BMP Design Manual, formerly known as the Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP). The WQMP currently in place for the project area is the Riverside County WQMP for Urban Runoff for the Santa Ana River Region and Santa Margarita River Region. The WQMP acts as a master plan that develops and enforces municipal storm sewer pollutant controls for discharges from areas of new development and significant redevelopment. The WQMP must be updated concurrent with the submittal of the WQIP as a BMP Design Manual. Until the development of the WQIP, the current WQMP remains in effect. Riverside County Water Quality Management Plan for Urban Runoff The Riverside County WQMP for Urban Runoff for the Santa Ana River Region and Santa Margarita River Region was published in 2006 to comply with WQMP requirements outlined in the SDRWQCB 2004 MS4 Permit for the Santa Margarita Region (Order No. R9-2004-001, NPDES No. CAS108766 or third term permit). The WQMP is intended to provide guidelines for project-specific post-construction BMPs and for regional and sub-regional source control BMPs and structural BMPs to address management of urban runoff quantity and quality to protect receiving waters. The WQMP identifies the BMPs, including design criteria for treatment control BMPs that may be applicable when considering any map or permit for which discretionary approval is sought. Implementation of the WQMP occurs through the preparation of a project- specific WQMP prepared by the project applicant. Projects requiring a project-specific WQMP are defined as follows: (1) Significant redevelopment (the addition or creation of 5,000 or more square feet of impervious surface on an existing developed site) (2) New development (residential development of 10 dwelling units or more, automotive repair shops, restaurants, parking lots of 5,000 square feet or more) The project-specific WQMP must include: (1) A project description and site characterization (2) Pollutants and hydrologic conditions of concern related to the project and project site (3) Site design BMPs (4) Source control BMPs (5) Where applicable, project-specific treatment control BMPs or a regional watershed approach (6) An operation and maintenance requirements program, including responsible entities Altair Specific Plan 3.8-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality (7) Proposed funding source for operations and maintenance of BMPs (if a public agency is identified—a written agreement that states their acceptance of these responsibilities shall be provided) In the City of Temecula, the Department of Public Works is responsible for implementing WQMP requirements. Should the development disturb one acre or more, the project-specific WQMP would be incorporated by reference or attached to the SWPPP as the Post-Construction Management Plan. Per the recently adopted Regional MS4 Permit (Order No. R9-2013-0001), the WQMP will eventually be updated and/or replaced by a WQIP. According to Regional MS4 Permit provisions, a WQIP will be published by June 2015; this has yet to occur at the time of this writing. Riverside County Flood Control Design Handbook for Low Impact Development Best Management Practices The Riverside County Flood Control Water Conservation District Design Handbook for LID BMPs supplements the WQMP by providing guidance for the planning, design and maintenance of LID BMPs, which may be used to mitigate the water quality impacts of developments within Riverside County. The handbook highlights BMPs that are integrated into site design and passively remove pollutants from runoff through natural processes such as infiltration, biofiltration, and evapotranspiration; it also highlights BMPs that require little maintenance. The handbook contains detailed information and designs for seven LID BMPs that are designed to encourage replication of the site's natural hydrologic processes. The maximum tributary drainage area, siting considerations, design procedures, and maintenance requirements are detailed for each BMP. City of Temecula Jurisdictional Runoff Management Program for the Santa Margarita Region In 2012, the City of Temecula released its Jurisdictional Runoff Management Plan for the Santa Margarita Region (JRMP), which describes the City of Temecula’s specific runoff management programs and activities to comply with Order No. R9-2010-0016, issued to the Riverside County Copermittees in the Santa Margarita Region by the SDRWQCB on November 10, 2010 (2010 SMR MS4 Permit). This JRMP is the principal document that comprehensively translates the 2010 SMR MS4 Permit requirements into actions within the City of Temecula. The JRMP lists minimum BMPs specific to construction activities (e.g., soil stabilization) and City (e.g., litter management), commercial (e.g., trash receptacle maintenance) and residential operations (e.g., automobile parking). For each BMP category, enhanced BMPs must also be implemented if the development is discharging to the hydrologic area of a 303(d) impaired waterbody where the City of Temecula has determined that the site/source generates pollutants for which the water body segment is impaired. The JRMP is the City of Temecula’s map for compliance with the 2010 MS4 Permit and associated WQMP. Per Regional MS4 Permit (Order No. R9-2013-0001) requirements, this Altair Specific Plan 3.8-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality JRMP will need to be updated according to WQIP policies. The WQIP is set to be published June 2015. City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance The City of Temecula adopted the Stormwater and Urban Runoff Management and Discharge Control Ordinance (TMC Title 8.28) with the purpose and intent of protecting the water quality of City watercourses, water bodies, groundwater and wetlands in a manner pursuant to and consistent with the federal CWA, in order to ensure the future health, safety and general welfare of the citizens of the City by: • Regulating non-stormwater urban runoff to the storm drain system • Reducing pollutants in stormwater to the maximum extent practicable • Establish requirements for development projects for permanent water quality control measures • Establish requirements to reduce pollutant discharges from construction sites • Establish requirements to reduce pollutants in runoff from existing development • Prohibiting illicit connections and illegal discharges to the storm drain system New development and modifications to existing development are required to be designed to control pollutants in stormwater and urban runoff so as to prevent any deterioration of water quality that would impair subsequent or competing uses of the receiving waters. The City Engineer approves the BMPs that would be implemented to prevent deterioration and approves the manner of implementation. The ordinance requires a WQMP for all new development projects that meet the specified categories listed in the City of Temecula MS4 permit and modifications to existing development projects as defined in the MS4 permit. City of Temecula Flood Damage Prevention Regulations This ordinance applies to all areas of special flood hazards, areas of flood-related erosion hazards and areas of mudslide (i.e., mudflow) hazards under the jurisdiction of the City (Ord. 91-12). “Special flood hazard area (SFHA)” means an area having special flood or flood-related erosion hazards and shown on a Federal Insurance Rate Map as zone A, AO, A1—A30, AE, A99 or AH. The project site is not located within the flood zone of Murrieta Creek; however, it is located within a potential mud and debris flow area and therefore would be subject to the City’s Municipal Code Chapter 15.12, Flood Damage Prevention Regulations. City’s Municipal Code Chapter 15.12 is intended to promote the public health, safety and general welfare, and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed: • To protect human life and health • To minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood-control projects Altair Specific Plan 3.8-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality • To minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public • To minimize prolonged business interruptions • To minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains, electric, telephone and sewer lines, streets and bridges located in areas of special flood hazard • To help maintain a stable tax base by providing for the sound use and development of areas of special flood hazard so as to minimize future flood blight areas • To insure that potential buyers are notified that property is in an area of special flood hazard • To insure that those who occupy the areas of special flood hazard assume responsibility for their actions. (Ord. 91-12 § 1.3) In order to accomplish its purposes, the City’s Municipal Code Chapter 15.12 includes methods and provisions for: • Restricting or prohibiting uses which are dangerous to health, safety and property due to water or erosion hazards, or which result in damaging increases in erosion or flood heights or velocities • Requiring that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction • Controlling the alteration of natural flood-plains, stream, channels and natural protective barriers, which help accommodate or channel flood waters • Controlling fill, grading, dredging and other development which may increase flood damage • Preventing or regulating the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert flood waters or which may increase flood hazards in other areas (Ord. 91-12 § 1.4) City of Temecula General Plan The following goals and policies from the City of Temecula General Plan would apply to the project: Open Space/Conservation Element Goal 2 Conservation and protection of surface water, groundwater and imported water resources. Policy 2.1 Coordinate with the Riverside County Flood Control District to design flood control improvements that preserve, to the maximum extent feasible, important natural features and resources of the local creeks and riparian forest of the Santa Margarita River. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Policy 2.2 Identify and protect groundwater resources from depletion and sources of pollution in cooperation with the Rancho California Water District and the San Diego Water Quality Control Board. Policy 2.3 Conserve potable water by requiring water conservation techniques in all new development. Policy 2.4 Use reclaimed water for the irrigation of parks, golf courses, public landscaped areas and other feasible applications as service becomes available from Rancho California Water District and Eastern Municipal Water District. Policy 2.5 Require the use of soil management techniques to reduce erosion, eliminate offsite sedimentation, and prevent other soil-related problems that may adversely affect waterways in the community. Policy 2.6 Regulate and manage lands adjacent to or affecting watercourses as stipulated by the Regional Water Resources Control Board. Policy 2.7 Ensure that approved projects have filed a Notice of Intent and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan in accordance with the Federal Clean Water Act, prior to issuance of grading permits. Policy 2.8 Ensure adequate inspection and enforcement of the requirements of general construction permits, particularly related to erosion control during grading and construction. Policy 2.9 Participate in regional planning for the Santa Margarita River Watershed in conjunction with federal, State, regional and local agencies, and nonprofit organizations. Policy 2.10 Participate in water resource management planning to facilitate the long- term availability of water resources for western Riverside County. Policy 2.11 Participate in outreach educational programs to educate the public about water conservation methods, new technologies and drought resistant landscapes. Policy 2.12 Work with appropriate agencies to encourage ground water recharge facilities along flood control channels and creeks. Public Safety Element Goal 1 Protection from natural hazards associated with geologic instability, seismic events, wild land fires, flooding, and dam failures. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Policy 1.6 Provide and maintain adequate flood control facilities and limit development within the 100-year floodplain and potential dam inundation areas. Policy 1.7 Prohibit development of any kind within the floodway portion of the 100-year floodplain. Growth Management and Public Facilities Element Goal 7 An effective, safe and environmentally compatible flood control system. Policy 7.1 Work with the Riverside County Flood Control District and other agencies involved with Murrieta Creek flood control improvements to implement a solution that maximizes retention of natural resources and provision of recreation opportunities along the Creek. Policy 7.3 Wherever possible, give priority to flood control methods that maintain natural areas, maximize the beneficial uses of water through natural systems, and provide additional trail opportunities. 3.8.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, impacts related to hydrology and water quality would be considered significant if the project would: • Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements • Substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level (e.g., the production rate of pre-existing nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted) • Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or offsite • Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite • Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff • Otherwise substantially degrade water quality • Place housing within a 100-year flood hazard area as mapped on a federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard delineation map Altair Specific Plan 3.8-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality • Place within a 100-year flood hazard area structures which would impede or redirect flood flows • Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure of a levee or dam • Inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. Methodology This following impact analysis focuses on potential impacts of the proposed project related to hydrology and water quality. The evaluation considered project plans and reports, current conditions at the project area, and applicable regulations and guidelines. The project’s potential to impact hydrology and water quality was evaluated in the Initial Study (Appendix A). The Initial Study determined that the project would have no impact related to exposure to seiche, tsunami, or mudflow. The project would not expose people to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving inundation by a seiche or tsunami because the project area is not located immediately near a coast or large body of water. The project area is located over 20 miles from the Pacific Ocean, which is a large enough distance to avoid tsunami impacts and has no body of water in close proximity to the project site. The portion of the project area that would be subject to mudflow is identified in the Specific Plan to remain as open space. As a result, the proposed development areas (villages) would be protected by the open space areas in the event of a mudflow. In addition, the project would be subject to the City’s Flood Damage Protection Ordinance which includes measures to protect against potential mudslides. No impacts are anticipated as a result of the project. Therefore, the impact threshold related to inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow was not studied further. Impacts – Hydrology Stormwater Runoff and Drainage System Capacity Construction Construction of the project would require activities such as site clearing, grading and excavation, site contouring, installation of improvements and structural development, and site clean-up, which could temporarily alter the ground surface and drainage patterns. If drainage is not properly controlled and contained during construction activities, the adjacent drainage system capacity could be overloaded, resulting in corresponding flooding. Runoff generated on and off the site during construction would have the potential to exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. The proposed drainage pattern would generally be the same during project construction when compared with the pre-project condition. As a result, runoff conditions would not substantially change during construction activities. Construction BMPs would be in place during storm events as required by the Construction General Permit, which would reduce the potential for stormwater Altair Specific Plan 3.8-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality to come into contact with pollutants and integrate it into surface water, to the maximum extent practicable. BMPs have proven effective at substantially reducing or eliminating runoff during construction. As a result, construction activities would not result in runoff that would exceed the capacity of the adjacent existing drainage system capacity or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. Impacts to existing stormwater drainage facilities during construction would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Operation The project proposes an onsite storm drainage system to collect and transfer storm flows through the site as required by the City of Temecula. This system would include isolated storm drain facilities to convey offsite and open space runoff that is not required to be treated for water quality purposes onsite. This dual system would minimize the potential comingling of runoff from the developed and non-developed areas of the project. This secondary system would collect and carry storm flows from the natural open spaces west of the proposed Western Bypass, through the project site, and directly into Murrieta Creek. The other storm drain system would collect and treat surface runoff from the proposed development, before exiting the site. The onsite drainage system would be designed and sized to convey a 100-year storm event. Flows from the open space would be collected in ten inlet structures. The onsite catch basins and piping system would collect flows from the developed portion of the project site and treat these flows in a series of basins, swales and bioretention trenches. There are seven main outlets for the onsite network of storm drains: Village A is tributary to the existing 60-inch storm drain in Ridge Park Drive, Village B drains directly into the existing concrete lined channel adjacent to the easterly project boundary, and the majority of Village C is tributary to the existing inlet and 48-inch pipe aligned within Sixth Street. The remaining portion of Village C is tributary to the existing concrete channels adjacent to the easterly project boundary and the existing 42-inch storm drain in First Street. Village D and E areas are tributary to the existing concrete channels adjacent to the easterly project boundary and the existing 48-inch storm drain. Village F would drain to the proposed concrete channels of Tract Map 36568, as approved by the City of Temecula. Village G and the South Parcel would both convey storm flows directly into Murrieta Creek. The presence of new development within the project area and changes in the extent of permeable or impermeable surfaces would alter the direction and volume of overland flows during both wet and dry periods. A preliminary drainage study has already been prepared for the site to determine the peak post- developed onsite 100-year flow rates for the site. Preliminary hydrologic analyses have been performed for Altair. The analyses determined since the majority of the project discharges directly into Murrieta Creek, detention should not be required. However, existing condition analyses have not been performed. As part of Mitigation Measure HYD-1, a final drainage study would be prepared by an engineer that will identify existing conditions and will verify the capacity of the existing receiving drainage facilities. If the receiving facilities are determined to under capacity, then detention would be considered. Further, overland flows and drainage at each Altair Specific Plan 3.8-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality development would be assessed and drainage facilities designed such that development project within the project site would be required to implement LID BMPs that are designed to retain (i.e., intercept, store, infiltrate, evaporate, and evapotranspire) onsite the pollutants contained in the volume of storm water runoff produced from a 24-hour, 85th percentile storm event (design capture volume); and post-project runoff conditions (flow rates and durations) would not exceed pre-development runoff conditions by more than 10 percent. Implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-1 and adherence to the requirements found in the MS4 permit would ensure no substantial increases in stormwater runoff would occur and that the existing capacity of storm water drainage systems would not be exceeded. Impacts would be less than significant. Impact HYD-1: Future development occurring under the proposed Specific Plan could result in impacts to hydrology. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-1: Prior to issuance of a grading permit, a final drainage study shall be prepared by a registered civil engineer and submitted to Public Works with the initial grading plan check in accordance with City, Riverside County, and engineering standards. The final study shall identify storm water runoff quantities (to mitigate the 100-year storm event) from the development of this site and upstream of the site, and shall identify all existing or proposed drainage facilities intended to discharge this runoff. Runoff shall be conveyed to an adequate outfall capable of receiving the storm water runoff without damage to public or private property; the final study shall include a capacity analysis verifying the adequacy of all facilities. If the receiving facilities are determined to under capacity, then onsite detention would be considered. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Impacts – Water Quality Water Quality Standards or Waste Discharge Requirements Construction Construction activities associated with new development would involve earthwork activities, including grading and stockpiling of soils. Disturbance of soils formerly protected with vegetation or covered by asphalt or concrete can become exposed to winds and water flows that result in soil erosion or the loss of topsoil, which has the potential to mix with storm water runoff and degrade surface water quality. Furthermore, construction would require the use of heavy equipment and construction-related building materials and chemicals, such as concrete, asphalt, fuels, oils, antifreeze, transmission fluid, grease, solvents and paints. These potentially harmful materials could be accidentally spilled or improperly disposed of during construction and could wash into and pollute surface waters or groundwater, which would result in a significant impact to water quality. The project would be developed in three phases over an approximate 10-year time frame, with the phased construction of streets, utilities and other infrastructure, as needed, for each respective phase. Construction of each phase is estimated to take approximately three years to complete. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality According to Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-2, when the anticipated total construction disturbance would be greater than one acre, the developer would be required to obtain coverage under the statewide NPDES Construction General Permit. The Construction General Permit requires the development to prepare and implement a SWPPP by a Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD). The QSD prepared SWPPP would identify the sources of sediment and other pollutants that may affect the quality of storm water discharges during construction and describe the implementation and maintenance various BMPs to reduce or eliminate the potential for sediment or pollutants to come into contact with stormwater runoff during construction. BMPs include activities, maintenance procedures, and other management practices that reduce or eliminate pollutants in stormwater discharges. Erosion control is any source control practice that protects the soil surface and prevents soil particles from being detached by rainfall, flowing water, and wind. Sediment control is any practice that traps soil particles after they have been detached and moved by rain, flowing water, and wind. Sediment control measures are passive systems that rely on filtering or settling the particles out of the water or wind that is transporting them. Sediment control BMPs are most effective when used in combination with erosion control BMPs and is the most effective means to prevent sediment from leaving the project site and potentially entering storm drains or receiving waters. Other types of BMPs include waste management (properly disposing of all site waste) and good housekeeping (ensuring the site remains tidy). Developments disturbing less than one acre would not be required to comply with the Construction General Permit, but would be required to submit a facility construction BMP plan per SDWQCB MS4 Permit requirements at the time of construction. The construction BMP plan would detail seasonally appropriate and effective BMPs for construction of individual projects and would require approval from the City of Temecula. The common types of construction BMPs that would likely be included in the project-specific SWPPP include sediment, erosion, and waste management BMPs, as described further in Table 3.8-5. Not all of these BMPs would be required, and in some instances may not applicable to construction of the project. In addition, several of the BMPs listed below are of similar nature. The best option for the project site conditions and construction methods would be specified in the SWPPP. The QSD would ensure the SWPPP is designed such that the environment is protected to the maximum extent practicable throughout the entirety of construction. In addition, the Qualified SWPPP Practitioner (QSP) would ensure compliance with the SWPPP through regular monitoring and visual inspections during construction activities, as required by the Construction General Permit. The SWPPP would be amended and BMPs revised, as determined necessary through field inspections, to protect against substantial erosion or siltation on- or offsite. With the application of the above referenced regulations, construction-related impacts to water quality from the project would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.8-21 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality TABLE 3.8-5 POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION BMPS BMP Description Erosion Control Scheduling Construction scheduling includes consideration of the amount and duration of soil that could be exposed to erosion by wind, rainfall, runoff, and vehicle tracking and seek to minimize disturbed soil area during the rainy season. A schedule should show the sequencing of construction activities with the installation and maintenance of soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs. Preservation of Existing Vegetation Preserving existing vegetation to the maximum extent possible and for as long as possible on a construction site reduces or eliminates erosion in those areas. Hydraulic Mulch Hydraulic mulch consists of applying a mixture of shredded wood fiber or a hydraulic matrix and a stabilizing emulsion or tackifier with hydroseeding equipment, which temporarily protects exposed soil from erosion by raindrop impact or wind. Hydroseed Hydroseeding typically consists of applying a mixture of wood fiber, seed, fertilizer, and stabilizing emulsion with hydro-mulch equipment, which temporarily protects exposed soils from erosion by water and wind. Soil Binders Soil binders consist of applying and maintaining a soil stabilizer to exposed soil surfaces. Soil binders are materials applied to the soil surface to temporarily prevent water-induced erosion of exposed soils on construction sites. Soil binders also provide temporary dust, wind, and soil stabilization (erosion control) benefits. Straw Mulch Straw mulch consists of placing a uniform layer of straw and incorporating it into the soil with a studded roller or anchoring it with a stabilizing emulsion. Geotextiles and Mats Placement of geotextiles, mats, plastic covers, or erosion control blankets to stabilize disturbed soil areas and protect soils from erosion by wind or water. Wood Mulching Wood mulching consist of applying a mixture of shredded wood mulch, bark or compost. Wood mulch is mostly applicable to landscape projects. Earth Dike and Drainage Swales These are structures that intercept, divert, and convey surface run-off, generally sheet flow, to prevent erosion. Velocity Dissipation Devices These devices are placed at pipe outlets to prevent scour and reduce the velocity and/or energy of storm water flows. Non-Vegetated Stabilization Non-vegetative stabilization methods are used in areas prone to erosion and should be used only where vegetative options are not feasible. Examples include: decomposed granite; degradable mulches; rock slope protection, gravel mulch Sediment Control Silt Fence A silt fence is a temporary linear sediment barrier of permeable fabric designed to intercept and slow the flow of sediment-laden sheet flow runoff. Silt fences allow sediment to settle from runoff before water leaves the construction site. Sediment Basin A sediment/desilting basin is a temporary basin formed by excavating and/or constructing an embankment so that sediment-laden runoff is temporarily detained under quiescent conditions, allowing sediment to settle out before the runoff is discharged. Sediment Trap A sediment trap is a temporary containment area that allows sediment in collected storm water to settle out during infiltration or before the runoff is discharged through a stabilized spillway. Sediment traps are formed by excavating or constructing an earthen embankment across a waterway or low drainage area. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-22 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality TABLE 3.8-5 POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION BMPS BMP Description Sediment Control (cont.) Fiber Rolls A fiber roll consists of wood excelsior, rice or wheat straw, or coconut fibers that is rolled or bound into a tight tubular roll and placed on the toe and face of slopes to intercept runoff, reduce its flow velocity, release the runoff as sheet flow and provide removal of sediment from the runoff. Fiber rolls may also be used for inlet protection and as check dams under certain situations. Gravel Bag Berm A gravel bag berm consists of a single row of gravel bags that are installed end to end to form a barrier across a slope to intercept runoff, reduce its flow velocity, release the runoff as sheet flow and provide some sediment removal. Gravel bags can be used where flows are moderately concentrated, such as ditches, swales, and storm drain inlets (see BMP SC-10, Storm Drain Inlet Protection) to divert and/or detain flows. Street Sweeping Street sweeping removes tracked sediment to prevent the sediment from entering a storm drain or watercourse. Sandbag Barrier A sandbag barrier is a temporary linear sediment barrier consisting of stacked sandbags, designed to intercept and slow the flow of sediment-laden sheet flow runoff. Sandbag barriers allow sediment to settle from runoff before water leaves the construction site. Storm Drain Inlet Protection Devices used at storm drain inlets that are subject to runoff from construction activities to detain and/or to filter sediment-laden runoff to allow sediment to settle and/or to filter sediment prior to discharge into storm drainage systems or watercourses. Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit A stabilized construction access is a point of entrance/exit to a construction site that is stabilized to reduce the tracking of mud and dirt onto public roads by construction vehicles. Stabilized Construction Roadway A stabilized construction roadway is a temporary access road. It is designed for the control of dust and erosion created by vehicular tracking. Entrance Outlet Tire Wash A tire wash is an area located at stabilized construction access points to remove sediment from tires and undercarriages, and to prevent sediment from being transported onto public roadways. Wind Erosion Wind Erosion Control Wind erosion control consists of applying water and/or other dust palliatives as necessary to prevent or alleviate erosion by the forces of wind. Covering of small stockpiles or areas is an alternative to applying water or other dust palliatives. Non-Stormwater Management Controls Water Conservation Water conservation practices are activities that use water during the construction of a project in a manner that avoids causing erosion and/or the transport of pollutants off site. Paving and Grinding Operation Procedures and practices for paving, saw cutting, and grinding operations to minimize the transport of pollutants to the storm drain system or receiving water body. Illicit Connection/Discharge Procedures and practices designed for construction contractors to recognize illicit connections or illegally dumped or discharged materials on a construction site and report incidents. Potable Water Irrigation Discharge Detection Potable Water/Irrigation management consists of practices and procedures to manage the discharge of potential pollutants generated during discharges from irrigation water lines, landscape irrigation, lawn or garden watering, planned and unplanned discharges from potable water sources, water line flushing, and hydrant flushing. Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning Vehicle and equipment cleaning procedures and practices are used to minimize or eliminate the discharge of pollutants from vehicle and equipment cleaning operations to storm drain system or to watercourses. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality TABLE 3.8-5 POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION BMPS BMP Description Non-Stormwater Management Controls (cont.) Vehicle and Equipment Fueling Vehicle and equipment fueling procedures and practices are designed to minimize or eliminate the discharge of fuel spills and leaks into storm drain systems or to watercourses. Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance Procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharge of pollutants to the storm drain systems or to watercourses from vehicle and equipment maintenance procedures. Pile Driving Operations Driven piles are typically constructed of concrete, steel, or timber. Driven sheet piles are used for shoring and cofferdam construction. Proper control and use of equipment, materials, and waste products from pile driving operations will reduce the discharge of potential pollutants to the storm drain system or watercourses. Concrete Curing Concrete curing includes the use of both chemical and water methods. Proper procedures minimize pollution of runoff during concrete curing. Concrete Finishing Concrete finishing methods are used for paint removal, curing compound removal, and final surface finish appearances. Methods include sand blasting, shot blasting, grinding, or high pressure water blasting. Proper procedures minimize the impact that concrete finishing methods may have on runoff. Waste Management Material Delivery and Storage Procedures and practices for the proper handling and storage of materials in a manner that minimizes or eliminates the discharge of these materials to the storm drain system or to watercourses. Material Use These are procedures and practices for use of construction material in a manner that minimizes or eliminates the discharge of these materials to the storm drain system or to watercourses. Stockpile Management Stockpile management procedures and practices are designed to reduce or eliminate air and storm water pollution from stockpiles of soil, and paving materials such as Portland cement concrete rubble, asphalt concrete rubble, aggregate base, aggregate subbase or pre-mixed aggregate, asphalt binder, and pressure treated wood. Spill Prevention and Control Procedures and practices are implemented to prevent and control spills in a manner that minimizes or prevents the discharge of spilled material to the drainage system or watercourses. Solid Waste Management Solid waste management procedures and practices are designed to minimize or eliminate the discharge of pollutants to the drainage system or to watercourses as a result of the creation, stockpiling, or removal of construction site wastes. Hazardous Waste Management Procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharge of pollutants from construction site hazardous waste to the storm drain systems or to watercourses. Contaminated Soil Management Procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharges of pollutants to the drainage system or to watercourses from contaminated soil. Concrete Waste Management Procedures and practices that are designed to minimize or eliminate the discharge of concrete waste materials to the storm drain systems or watercourses. Sanitary/Septic Waste Management Procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharge of construction site sanitary/septic waste materials to the storm drain system or to watercourses. SOURCE: CASQA Construction BMP Handbook, August 2011; Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks, May 2003. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-24 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Impact HYD-2: Construction of future development occurring under the proposed Specific Plan could result in impacts to water quality. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-2: The developer shall obtain coverage under the statewide NPDES Construction General Permit. When the anticipated total construction disturbance would be greater than one acre, the Construction General Permit requires the preparation and implementation of a SWPPP by a Qualified SWPPP Developer, which would examine existing site conditions, identify the sources of sediment and other pollutants that may affect the quality of storm water discharges during construction and would describe the implementation and maintenance of erosion control, sediment control, waste management, and good housekeeping BMPs to reduce or eliminate the potential for sediment or other pollutants to mix with stormwater runoff during construction. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Operation The project would include a residential mixed-use development with supporting civic uses and open space. Different housing types are proposed within seven different neighborhood villages. The introduction of residential and commercial uses to an area previously containing open space uses would introduce the potential for new pollutants to be generated in the area. This could introduce the potential for pollutants associated with residential uses (e.g., various chemicals from household cleaners, pathogens from pet wastes, nutrients from fertilizer, pesticides and sediment from landscaping, trash and debris, and oil and grease from vehicles) and commercial uses (e.g. various chemicals from commercial cleaners, nutrients from fertilizer, pesticides and sediment from landscaping, trash and debris, and oil and grease from vehicles) to be generated onsite. These pollutants could potentially discharge into surface waters either directly or during storm water runoff events, resulting in degradation of surface water quality. The waterbody near the project area (Murrieta Creek) is currently listed as impaired on the EPA’s 303(d) list by point, nonpoint and urban runoff sources, including metals/metalloids, nutrients, pesticides and toxicity. Operation of the Project could create new or exacerbate existing impairments within this waterbodies, which would result in a significant impact related to water quality. However, operation of future developments within the project site would be required to comply with the development planning requirements of the SDRWQCB MS4 permit in effect at the time of construction and the City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance. These include implementation of non-structural, structural, and source control and treatment control BMPs during the planning process prior to project approval for development projects. A Preliminary Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) has been prepared that identifies the Best Management Practices (BMPs) for storm water treatment facilities, source control, and site design (Appendix G of this EIR). The Preliminary WQMP addresses the project-specific constraints of the site and proposed treatment and filtration of storm water runoff. The runoff from the proposed developed surfaces would be treated for water quality purposes. The proposed Altair Specific Plan 3.8-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality treatment train would incorporate a variety of biofiltration and bioretention facilities along with bioswales where feasible to reduce any potential water quality impacts on Murrieta Creek and the Santa Margarita River Watershed. In addition, it is anticipated that each future development’s drainage design would implement BMPs such as routing impervious areas drainage to pervious areas (e.g., draining paved surface areas to natural drainages, using natural drainage swales to convey runoff from impervious surfaces, landscape areas between sidewalk and curb, where feasible). In addition, landscape design using drought tolerant plants, integrated pest management and herbicide practices, and effective irrigation minimizing overflow, are site design concepts that would be implemented to reduce pollutant loading at the source. Also, walkways would be constructed of pervious materials, where feasible. Structural BMPs identified in the Preliminary WQMP for implementation on future developments include roof downspouts and filtration planter boxes; the downspouts would collect rooftop drainage and discharge it into the planter boxes for treatment. As stormwater passes down through the planting soil, pollutants would be filtered, absorbed, and biodegraded by the soil and plants. Runoff from the proposed roadways would likely be collected in catch basins that contain filters. The catch basin’s filter would be designed to capture sediment, debris, trash, and oils/grease from low storm flows. Filtered runoff and overflow from the project areas would drain via an underground stormwater pipe to the proposed storm drain system and then into Murrieta Creek. As a result, runoff from the project area would be filtered prior to discharge as part of project design and would not result in adverse water quality impacts. The California Storm Water BMP Handbook—New Development and Redevelopment (2004) lists various types of Site Design, Source Control and Treatment Control BMPs to be implemented by new development and redevelopment projects. Typical Source Control BMPs that may be applicable to development projects within the Specific Plan are provided in Table 3.8-6. BMPs would be designed and implemented on a per site basis as needed. Table 3.8-7 shows typical Treatment Control BMPs that may be applicable to the development projects depending on the nature of the individual proposals. Each future development proposal occurring under the proposed Specific Plan would be assessed individually to ensure compliance with applicable NPDES requirements. Implementation of site- specific source control and treatment control BMPs in accordance with the SDRWQCB MS4 permit in effect at the time of construction and the City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance, per Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-3, would remove potential pollutants from runoff and would not contribute additional pollutant loads into receiving waters. The SDRWQCB MS4 permit and the City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance require that each project-specific WQMP shall include a drainage hydrologic/hydraulic analysis that details the site’s anticipated runoff calculations. With implementation of these requirements, the individual development projects that would be implemented by the proposed Specific Plan would not result in adverse impacts to water quality, i.e., a violation of water quality standards or water quality objectives. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-26 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality TABLE 3.8-6 TYPICAL SOURCE CONTROL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Identifier Name Project-Specific Application SD-10 Site Design and Landscape Planning Landscape vegetation used would be drought-tolerant and will require minimal irrigation and fertilizer application. SD-11 Roof Runoff Controls The objective is to reduce the total volume and rate of runoff from individual lots, and retain pollutants onsite that may be picked up from roofing materials and atmospheric deposition. Roof runoff controls consist of directing the roof runoff away from paved areas and mitigating flow to the storm drain. SD-12 Efficient Irrigation Irrigation systems will be fitted with soil moisture sensors or precipitation detectors and designed to eliminate overspray onto impervious surfaces. SD-13 Storm Drain System Signs Areas near drain inlets will be stenciled for public awareness to indicate release to surface waters. SD-21 Alternative Building Materials Roofing materials for the buildings would consist of built-up roofing or metal sheet roofing with a durable painted surface that resists degradation. This type of roofing material will typically not increase metals in roof runoff, as would roofing materials constructed of galvanized metal or copper. SD-31 Maintenance Bays and Docks Loading docks would be designed to prevent run-on from outside the loading dock area and will be covered to prevent rainfall influence. SD-32 Trash Enclosures Trash and recycling materials would be stored to prevent runoff from storage areas (e.g., construction of a roof and berm around trash containers), and pick-up would be appropriately scheduled. SD-33 Vehicle Washing Areas During construction, project plans should include appropriately designed area(s) for washing-steam cleaning of vehicles and equipment. Depending on the size and other parameters of the wastewater facility, wash water may be conveyed to a sewer, an infiltration system, recycling system or other alternative. Pretreatment may be required for conveyance to a sanitary sewer. SD-34 Outdoor Material Storage Areas During construction, the method of storing outdoor storage of materials should be specified. Materials that could result in contaminated storm water runoff should not be stored outdoors. If suspect materials are stored outdoors, their removal and cleanup before storm events should be specified. SD-35 Outdoor Work Areas Design areas to contain pollutants and collect and convey runoff to sanitary sewer system during construction activities. SOURCE: CASQA, 2004. Altair Specific Plan 3.8-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality TABLE 3.8-7 TYPICAL TREATMENT CONTROL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Identifier Name Project-Specific Application TC-30 Vegetated Swales Vegetated swales are open, shallow channels with vegetation covering the side slopes and bottom that collect and slowly convey runoff flow to downstream discharge points. They are designed to treat runoff through filtering by the vegetation in the channel, filtering through a subsoil matrix, and/or infiltration into the underlying soils. TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip Grassed buffer strips (vegetated filter strips, filter strips, and grassed filters) are vegetated surfaces that are designed to treat sheet flow from adjacent surfaces. Filter strips function by slowing runoff velocities and allowing sediment and other pollutants to settle and by providing some infiltration into underlying soils. TC-32 Bioretention The bioretention BMP functions as a soil and plant-based filtration device that removes pollutants through a variety of physical, biological, and chemical treatment processes. TC-40 Media Filter Storm water media filters are usually two-chambered including a pretreatment settling basin and a filter bed filled with sand or other absorptive filtering media. TC-50 Water Quality Inlet Water quality inlets, also commonly called trapping catch basins, oil/grit separators or oil/water separators, consist of one or more chambers that promote sedimentation of coarse materials and separation of free oil (as opposed to emulsified or dissolved oil) from storm water. TC-60 Multiple Systems A multiple treatment system uses two or more BMPs in series. MP-60 Drain Insert Drain inserts are manufactured filters or fabric placed in a drop inlet to remove sediment and debris. SOURCE: CASQA, 2004. Impact HYD-3: Operation of future development occurring under the proposed Specific Plan could result in impacts to water quality. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-HYD-3: As a condition of approval, each future development project will be required to generate a project-specific Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP), as required by the City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance and as specified in the City’s Jurisdictional Runoff Management Plan, which will ensure that the project implements specific water quality features to meet the City’s MS4 Permit and Stormwater Ordinance requirements. Each project-specific WQMP shall be reviewed and approved by the City of Temecula prior to the issuance of a building or grading permit. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.8-28 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Erosion and Siltation Construction Each phase of construction would involve site clearing, grading and excavation, site contouring, installation of improvements and structural development, and site clean-up. A total of approximately four million cubic yards of cut and fill would be required for the total project. This cut/fill quantity would be balanced onsite; however, these activities could expose and loosen sediment, which has the potential to mix with storm water runoff and result in erosion or siltation offsite. The NPDES Construction General Permit requires the development and implementation of a SWPPP by a QSD. The QSD-prepared SWPPP would address site-specific conditions related to construction; identify the sources of sediment and other pollutants that may affect the quality of storm water discharges during construction; and describe the implementation and maintenance of erosion control and sediment control BMPs to reduce or eliminate sediment, pollutants adhering to sediment, and other non-sediment pollutants in storm water, as well as non-storm water discharges. The common types of construction BMPs that would likely be included in the project- specific SWPPP include sediment, erosion, and waste management BMPs, as described in Table 3.8-5. Not all of these BMPs would be required, and in some instances may not applicable to construction of the project. The best option for the project site conditions and construction methods would be specified in the SWPPP. The QSD would ensure the SWPPP is designed such that the environment is protected to the maximum extent feasible throughout the entirety of construction. In addition, the QSP would ensure compliance with the SWPPP through regular monitoring and visual inspections during construction activities. The SWPPP would be amended and BMPs revised, as determined necessary through field inspections, to protect against substantial erosion or siltation on- or offsite. Significance Determination: Less than significant Operation The project site does not currently include impermeable surfaces. After completion of project construction, the project site would have over 50 percent impermeable surfaces. This increase in the distribution of permeable and impermeable surfaces would alter the direction, volume, and rate of surface water flows during both storm events and dry-weather surface runoff. The overall impermeable surfaces could result in changes in overland flows and drainage volumes which could result in substantial increases in stormwater runoff in certain areas, resulting in potential downstream erosion and siltation impacts. Runoff from the project site would be minimized by implementation of infiltration BMPs, such as directing roof downspouts and other paved areas to drain to natural drainages, using natural drainage swales to convey runoff from impervious surfaces, and landscape areas between sidewalk and curb, where feasible. Bioretention basins are being proposed throughout the site to treat runoff from the proposed impervious areas (streets and sidewalks) (Chang Consultants, 2015). Bioretention facilities are shallow, vegetated basins underlain by an engineered soil media. Storm runoff from mass graded pads that would not enter a bioretention basin would be treated by Altair Specific Plan 3.8-29 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality a desiltation basin on the pad. Therefore, the project would not result in substantial increases in erosion, siltation on or offsite. Impacts would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Impacts – Water Supply Groundwater Supplies Construction Water consumption during construction of each phase is estimated as follows: Phase 1 – 46 acre-feet, Phase 2 – 128 acre-feet, and Phase 3 – 161 acre-feet; for a total of 335 acre-feet. Construction of each phase is estimated to take approximately three years to complete. In the Water Supply Assessment (WSA) drafted for the project, various types of water use totals were projected through the year 2041 for the RCWD, which would be the water supplier for the project. Although some of the water used for construction would likely be supplied from local groundwater supplies from the Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Basin, the WSA concluded that the RCWD would have sufficient water supplies to accommodate the project’s water use during operation. Please see Section 3.14, Utilities and Service Systems, for a more detailed water supply discussion. The use of water during operation, as detailed below, is higher than the total required 335 acre-feet for construction. Overall, the use of water during construction activities would not substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level, which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted. Impacts would be less than significant with regard to the use of water during project construction activities on local groundwater recharge and supplies. See Section 3.14, Utilities and Service Systems, of this EIR for more details. Impacts would be less than significant with regard to the impact of project construction on local groundwater recharge and supplies. Significance Determination: Less than significant Operation The project is being clustered along the easterly portion of the site. The westerly (steeper hillside) portion would remain as open space conservation areas. The existing drainage patterns would be preserved in the open space conservation areas. As such, the natural infiltration capacity is maintained in the open space conservation areas. Furthermore, the future development footprint would include parks and landscaping that would provide infiltration. Therefore, operation of the project would not result in a substantial permanent increase in impervious surfaces that would interfere with existing groundwater recharge through pervious surfaces onsite. The WSA projected water use totals for the RCWD, including the project. Operational water use was accounted for in the various mixed-land use water use categories that were projected. As previously mentioned, the project may utilize groundwater supplies that could be affected by the drought and associated recent water use restrictions. However, the project would comply with all applicable water use restrictions throughout its lifetime. The WSA concluded that the RCWD Altair Specific Plan 3.8-30 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality would have sufficient water supplies to accommodate the water needs of the project and the project would have a less than significant impact on water supplies. See Section 3.14, Utilities and Service Systems, of this Draft EIR for more details on water supply. Therefore, the potential impact on local groundwater recharge and supplies from operation of the proposed project would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Impacts – Flooding and Inundation Flood Hazard As identified in the City’s General Plan Flood Hazards Map, the project area is not within the 100-year flood zone of Murrieta Creek. No structural development would occur in the within the 100-year flood zone. Thus, the Project would not introduce housing or structures into a flood zone area that could potentially impede or redirect flood flows. Nonetheless, specific building standards, as described within the flood damage prevention and floodplain management regulations of the City Development Code (Chapter 15.12 Floodplain Management) apply since the project area is within the western portion of Temecula, which has the potential for mud and debris flows. The City would review development plans for future projects to ensure compliance with City and FEMA floodplain development requirements. Therefore, impacts related to flooding and mudflows are expected to be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Dam or Levee Failure Flooding from dam failure can result from both natural and human causes, including earthquakes, erosion, improper siting and/or design, and rapidly rising floodwater during heavy storms. The type of failure, ranging from instantaneous to gradual, is dependent on the building material of the dam. Dam failure can potentially cause loss of life and property damage, displacement of persons residing in the inundation path and damage to infrastructure. A small portion of the project area closest to Murrieta Creek may be located in a dam inundation area (City of Temecula, 1993) depending on location of proposed developments. All three dams within the vicinity of the project area—Lake Skinner, Vail Lake, and Diamond Valley Lake— could potentially cause flooding in the Project area should they fail. Furthermore, according to their high hazard potential designation, the failure or disoperation of Lake Skinner and Vail Lake dams could contribute to the loss of human life. The project would encourage a mixed density urban development, increase employment opportunities in the area, and introduce residential uses to the area. Therefore, the amount of people living and working in the area that is within the dam inundation area would be higher than existing conditions, slightly increasing the number of people exposed to the potential effects of dam or levy failure. The project itself would not compromise the structures of the dams and thus does not contribute to an increase in the risk of dam failure. The flood inundation area is a preexisting condition Altair Specific Plan 3.8-31 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality within the project area, and the placement of the development in the inundation area would not exacerbate this condition. Furthermore, to address flood hazards, City of Temecula has developed a Dam Inundation Evacuation Plan which they update, as needed. This Plan would be put to use in the event of dam failure to ensure the safety of the public. Additionally, the City coordinates with the State Office of Emergency Services to ensure that dam safety plans reflect the level of development within the community. The rare likelihood of such an event in combination with applicable plan and program compliance would reduce any risks of death or loss involving flooding as a result of dam failure to less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.8-32 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning This section identifies the existing and surrounding land uses, analyzes the compatibility of the project with existing land uses, and evaluates the consistency of the project with relevant plans and policies. 3.9.1 Environmental Setting Regional The project site is located in the Inland Empire. “Inland Empire” refers to the U.S. Census Bureau’s federally defined Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area, which covers more than 27,000 square miles. The project site is located within the City of Temecula, which is within the County of Riverside, approximately 85 miles southeast of Los Angeles, 60 miles northeast of San Diego, and 25 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean. City of Temecula The corporate limits of Temecula cover 30 square miles and include approximately 106,780 people (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). Temecula’s corporate limits with its sphere of influence encompass approximately 62 square miles and consist of areas contained within the City’s corporate boundaries as well as portions of unincorporated Riverside County. Four generalized land use types within the city are: residential, commercial and office, industrial, and public/institutional and open space. The City does not have a traditional downtown around which the land uses radiate, but rather clusters of commercial development along major arterial roads, particularly in the western portion of the city (north of Rancho California Road and west of Sky Canyon Drive), with residential uses also being clustered in the northern portion of the Temecula (north of Nicholas road, and north of Saint Gertrudis Creek in the center of Temecula). Project Site The project site consists of two non-contiguous parcels located west of Pujol Street near Old Town Temecula. City limits form the western boundary of the project site. The northern parcel, which comprises the primary project area, is approximately 215 acres that roughly spans the area between Ridge Park Drive on the north and Temecula Parkway on the south. The southern parcel is approximately 55 acres and is located south of Temecula Parkway/Future Western Bypass. Both parcels are currently undeveloped and have experienced minimal disturbance, with the exception of the two graded pads at the north end of the site. The project area consists of a natural bench at the base of the Santa Rosa Mountains separated by natural ravines with sage scrub and chaparral as the dominant vegetation communities. Non-native grassland occurs in the lower, flatter areas of the site, primarily along the eastern boundary. A portion of Murrieta Creek is adjacent to the eastern boundary of the project, and the site is located within the Murrieta Creek and Santa Rosa Plateau subunits of the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan’s (MSHCP) Southwest Area Plan. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning Surrounding Land Uses The project site is largely surrounded by undeveloped, natural land, with undeveloped land abutting the property to the south; undeveloped land and the foothills of Santa Rosa Mountains to the west; and undeveloped land immediately adjacent to the north. Urban development, consisting primarily of multi-family and single-family residential uses along Pujol Street, is located adjacent to the project site to the east. Business parks exist to the northeast of the project site along Ridge Park Drive. The Old Town commercial district is located approximately 0.25-mile east of the project site, beyond the residential and office uses. 3.9.2 Regulatory Framework Southern California Association of Governments The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is the designated Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for six counties: Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, Riverside, Ventura, and Imperial. As the designated MPO for the region, SCAG is mandated by the federal government to research and create plans for transportation, growth management, hazardous waste management, and air quality. SCAG’s major responsibilities include (SCAG, 2015): • Maintenance of a continuous, comprehensive, and coordinated planning process resulting in a Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) and a Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP). • Development of demographic projections plus the integrated land use, housing, employment, transportation programs, measures, and strategic portions of the South Coast Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP), as well as serving as co-lead agency for air quality planning for the Central Coast and Southeast Desert air basin districts. • Responsibility under the federal Clean Air Act (CAA) for determining whether projects, plans, and programs conform to the CAA. • To function as the authorized regional agency for intergovernmental review of programs proposed for federal financial assistance and direct development activities. • Review of environmental impact reports for projects having regional significance for consistency with regional plans. • To function as the authorized area-wide waste treatment management planning agency pursuant to federal water pollution control statutes. • Responsibility under state law for preparation of the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA). Regional Transportation Plan 2012-2035/Sustainable Communities Strategy In April 2012, SCAG adopted the 2012-2035 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) (SCAG, 2012a). The RTP/SCS includes a strong commitment to reduce emissions from transportation to comply with Senate Bill (SB) 375, improve public health, and meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards as set forth by the federal Clean Air Act. The RTP/SCS links its goals of sustaining mobility with its goals for fostering economic Altair Specific Plan 3.9-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning development; enhancing the environment; reducing energy consumption; promoting transportation-friendly development patterns; and encouraging fair and equitable access to residents affected by socio-economic, geographic and commercial limitations. In summary, the 2012-2035 RTP/SCS provides a blueprint for improving quality of life for residents by providing more choices for where they will live, work, and play, and how they will move around. Regional Comprehensive Plan The 2008 Regional Comprehensive Plan (RCP) (SCAG, 2008) is an advisory plan that establishes a strategy for defining and solving the region’s inter-related housing, traffic, water, air quality and other regional challenges. The RCP ties together SCAG’s role in transportation, land use, and air quality planning as well as recommending key roles and responsibilities for public and private sector stakeholders and inviting them to help implement the policies of the RCP. The nine areas covered in the RCP include land use and housing, open space and habitat, water, energy, air quality, solid waste, transportation, security and emergency preparedness, and economy. Land use and housing goals of the RCP include: • Focusing growth in existing and emerging centers and along major transportation corridors; • Creating significant areas of mixed-use development and walkable, “people-scaled” communities; • Providing new housing opportunities, with building types and locations that respond to the region’s changing demographics; • Targeting growth in housing, employment and commercial development within walking distance of existing and planned transit stations; • Injecting new life into under-used areas by creating vibrant new business districts, redeveloping old buildings and building new businesses and housing on vacant lots. • Preserving existing, stable, single-family neighborhoods; and • Protecting important open space, environmentally sensitive areas and agricultural lands from development. Regional Housing Needs Assessment The Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) is a key tool for SCAG and its member governments to plan for growth in the region. The 5th Cycle RHNA Final Allocation Plan, which was adopted in August 2012, quantifies the need for housing within each jurisdiction between 2014 and 2021 (SCAG 2012b). Communities then plan, consider, and decide how they will address this need through the process of completing the Housing Elements of their General Plans. The RHNA does not necessarily encourage or promote growth, but it helps communities to anticipate growth so that they can guide the growth in such a way as to enhance the quality of life; improve access to jobs, transportation and housing; and not adversely impact the environment. The RHNA consists of two measurements of housing need: (1) existing need and Altair Specific Plan 3.9-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning (2) future need. The City of Temecula was assigned a RHNA of 1,493 homes for the 2014 to 2021 planning period. Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan The project site lies within the Western Riverside County MSHCP. The MSHCP involves the assembly and management of a 500,000-acre Conservation Area for the conservation of natural habitats and their constituent wildlife populations. The MSHCP was developed to serve as a HCP pursuant to the Natural Communities Conservation Planning (NCCP) Act and Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA). It encompasses 1.26 million acres and includes all unincorporated Riverside County land west of the crest of the San Jacinto Mountains to the Orange County line as well as jurisdictional areas of the Cities of Temecula, Murrieta, Lake Elsinore, Canyon Lake, Norco, Corona, Riverside, Moreno Valley, Banning, Beaumont, Calimesa, Perris, Hemet, and San Jacinto. The overarching purpose of the plan is to balance development and economic interests with species and lands conservation goals. The MSHCP permits development of lands and take of species “in exchange for the assembly and management of a coordinated MSHCP Conservation Area (Riverside County, 2004). The approval of the MSHCP and the Implementing Agreement (IA) by the USFWS and the CDFW allows signatories of the IA to issue “take” authorizations for the 146 species covered by the MSHCP (termed “covered species”), including state and federally listed species, as well as other identified sensitive species. The “take” authorization includes impacts to the habitats of the covered species. The MSHCP requires any new development to pay fees to support the financing for the MSHCP. The fees are intended to meet mitigation requirements for CEQA, FESA and California Endangered Species Act. The MSHCP is further broken down into core areas and linkages, which are the focus of reserve and preservation actions. City of Temecula General Plan The City of Temecula General Plan was initially adopted in 1993, and updated in 2005. The General Plan is considered a blueprint for development in the city, and provides long-term policy guidance for the community’s physical, economic, social, and environmental changes. Land Use Element The Land Use Element establishes the City’s strategy for determining future location, type, and intensity of new development and reuse projects, and the desired mix and relationship between such projects. As a guide to future growth and development, the Land Use Element identifies the general distribution, location, mix, and extent of desired land uses including residential, commercial, industrial, public facilities, and open space uses. There are five existing General Plan land use designations for the project site, including Industrial Park (IP), combination Open Space (OS) and IP, Medium-Density Residential (M), High Density Residential (H), and Hillside Residential (HR). Table 3.9-1 provides a brief description of these land use designations. In addition, with the exception of the 55-acre southern parcel, the project site is identified on Figure LU-4 in the General Plan as SP-8- Westside/Villages at Old Town. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning Table LU-4 in the General Plan identifies the objective of the project area, “to provide complementary land uses to Old Town that increase the vitality of the area; to increase the range of housing opportunities west of I-15; and to encourage sensitive site and building design given the topography of the area.” TABLE 3.9-1 LAND USE DESIGNATIONS IN THE PROJECT AREA Land Use Designation Permitted Use Hillside Residential (HR) Very low density housing in areas best suited for hillside open space or with severe development constraints. The allowable density for this land use is < 0.1 dwelling unit per acre. Medium Density Residential (M) Attached and detached residential development. Includes single-family zero lot line, patio homes, duplexes, townhouses, and multi-family garden apartments. The allowable density for this designation is 7.0 to 12.9 dwelling units per acre. High Density Residential (H) Attached residential development, including multi-family or garden apartments. The allowable density for this designation is 13.0 to 20.0 dwelling units per acre. Industrial Park (IP) The IP designation provides for well-designed business and employment centers offering attractive and distinctive architectural design, innovative site planning, and substantial landscaping and visual quality. Typical uses may include professional offices, research and development, laboratories, light manufacturing, storage, industrial supply, and wholesale businesses. The allowable density for this designation is a FAR of 0.30 to 1.5. Open Space (OS) The OS designation accommodates both public and private areas of permanent open space for such uses as parks, golf courses, recreation facilities, natural open spaces, recreation trails, greenbelts, lakes, utility easements, active fault zones, and undevelopable portions floodplains along waterways. Only accessory buildings or structures related to parks and recreation facilities are intended within the OS designation. The allowable density for this designation is a FAR of 0.01 to 0.10. SOURCE: City of Temecula, 2005. City of Temecula Zoning Code The City of Temecula Zoning Code (Chapter 17 of the Municipal Code) serves as the primary implementation tool of the Land Use Element of the General Plan and provides specific development and land use standards for the City of Temecula. There are currently four zoning districts within the project site, including Business Park (BP), combination Open Space (OS) and BP, Westside Specific Plan (SP-8), and Hillside Residential (HR). Table 3.9-2, below, describes each zoning district designation within the project site and the corresponding General Plan land use designation. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-2 SUMMARY OF ZONING DISTRICTS AND CORRESPONDING LAND USE DESIGNATION Zoning District Description General Plan Land Use Designation HR The hillside residential zoning district is intended to provide for the development of very low density residential uses. These areas include properties that have severe constraints for development, such as hillside areas with slopes over twenty-five percent. The minimum lot size in the HR district is ten net acres Hillside Residential SP-8 The intent of the specific plan zoning district is to provide for the creative and effective planning and design of portions of the city which require a more comprehensive and coordinated approach to planning than can be achieved through the conventional application of zoning regulations. The specific plan zoning district is intended to provide the flexibility in planning and design to effectively implement the goals and policies of the general plan. N/A BP Intended to develop well designed business and employment centers that include attractive and distinctive architectural design, innovative site planning, and substantial landscaping and visual quality. Typical uses may include administrative offices, research and development laboratories, custom-made product manufacturing, processing, assembling, packaging, and fabrication of goods, such as jewelry, furniture, art objects, clothing, onsite wholesale of goods produced, and labor intensive manufacturing, assembly, and repair processes which do not involve frequent truck traffic. Retail uses are not permitted in this zoning district, except as supporting a principal business park use (limited to 15% of the square footage of the development). Industrial Park OS The purpose of the open space zoning district is to provide for public open space areas which are set aside for low intensity, passive recreational purposes and related uses. The primary uses within the open space zoning district are passive recreational activities, such as trails, picnic areas, bicycle paths, and other non-intensive recreational activities. Only facilities designed to complement the outdoor enjoyment may be considered as an accessory use to the park. No profit-making activities are intended for this zoning district on more than a temporary basis. Open Space SOURCE: City of Temecula Municipal Code, Chapter 17. 3.9.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, impacts related to land use and planning issues may be considered significant if the proposed project would: • Physically divide an established community; • Conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan, specific plan, local coastal program, or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect; or • Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning Impacts in the following issue area were found to not be significant in the Initial Study prepared for the project (Appendix A), and will not be discussed further in this Draft EIR: Physically divide an established community – The project site is currently undeveloped. The proposed project is intended to facilitate the development of up to 1,750 residential units into a cohesive community connected to Old Town. The proposed project would not involve the construction of roadways or other major structures within an established community that would result in division of the community. Methodology Evaluation of potential land use and planning effects was based on a review of planning documents pertaining to the project site and vicinity, primarily the City of Temecula General Plan and zoning code, the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan, and applicable SCAG planning documents. The following analysis considers potential impacts associated with full buildout of the project without necessarily considering that phased development would occur, therefore, potential impacts are analyzed for what the worst case scenario would be in regards to land use and planning. Impacts Consistency with Land Use Plan, Policy, or Regulation Below is a discussion of the project’s consistency with applicable land use plans and policies. Southern California Association of Governments Table 3.9-3 lists the policies from SCAG’s 2012-2035 RTP/SCS that are relevant to the proposed project, and provides a discussion of the project’s level of consistency with each policy. SCAG policies focus largely on achieving job and housing balance within individual communities throughout the region, encouraging development patterns and densities that reduce infrastructure costs and reliance on the automobile, and promoting public transit use. SCAG also seeks to minimize environmental impacts through the use of “green” building techniques and landscaping practices, provide affordable housing, and minimize new development in open space areas with limited emergency access. As demonstrated in Table 3.9-3, the proposed project would be consistent with the goals of SCAG’s 2012-2035 RTP/SCS. As described in Section 3.9.2, the land use and housing goals of SCAG’s RCP include goals for future growth and sustainability. The project’s main objectives (listed in Chapter 2) would support the land use and housing goals of the RCP such as creating significant areas of mixed-use development and walkable, “people-scaled” communities; providing new housing opportunities, with building types and locations that respond to the region’s changing demographics; and through preservation of open space and environmentally sensitive species. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning RHNA The RHNA begins as a state-wide projection of housing needs that is divided into regions. The RHNA is based on forecasted household growth during the planning period, and the number of additional housing units that would be needed to accommodate anticipated household growth at all income levels. RNHA reflects a planning goal, and cities and counties are not required to build or issue permits for the number of housing units allocated through the RHNA process. Rather, cities and counties are required to demonstrate the availability of adequate sites with appropriate zoning that could accommodate the amount of new housing needs identified in the RHNA, if property owners and developers choose to pursue such development opportunities. The current RHNA was prepared for a planning period from 2014–2021. The City of Temecula was assigned a RHNA of 1,493 homes for the 2014 to 2021 planning period. The proposed project would involve adoption of the Altair Specific Plan that would enable new residential development that could accommodate new housing needs identified in the RHNA. City of Temecula General Plan The project site is identified in the General Plan as Specific Plan SP-8, Westside/Village at Old Town, the intent of which is “to provide complementary land uses to Old Town that increase the vitality of the area; to increase the range of housing opportunities west of I-15; and to encourage sensitive site and building design given the topography of the area.” The proposed project would involve the creation of a new specific plan that meets the objectives of providing a complementary residential land use to the Old Town commercial district, and as such, would help to increase the vitality of the area as well as provide diverse housing opportunities west of I-15. In addition, the “village” concept proposed as part of the project would involve clustering land uses in such a way as to respect the topography of the project area. Therefore, the proposed project would be consistent with the objectives of the specific plan area identified in the General Plan. As discussed under Section 3.9.1, above, the project site is surrounded by undeveloped land on the north, south, and west, and on the east/northeast by a mix of multi-family and single-family residential uses as well as industrial business park and commercial. Existing land use designations include HR, H, M, OS, and IP. The proposed land uses, which would involve primarily residential uses at varying densities, a small amount of commercial uses, and civic/institutional uses; and would require a General Plan Amendment to the Circulation Element for the realignment of the proposed Western Bypass. The proposed land use designations would be compatible with existing uses in the area. Table 3.9-4 evaluates the project’s consistency with relevant policies in the City of Temecula General Plan. As detailed in Table 3.9-4, the project would be consistent with the General Plan goals and policies that pertain to the project. Implementation of the project would require a General Plan Amendment, which would modify the City’s existing General Plan Land Use Policy Map and sections in the Land Use and Circulation Elements to accommodate the proposed residential villages, institutional/civic uses, and the Western Bypass alignment. Upon adoption of the General Plan Amendment, the project would be in conformance with the General Plan. From an environmental perspective, the project does not conflict with the existing General Plan because the project is consistent with goals and policies of the General Plan that aim to conserve natural resources and those that consider development compatibility. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning City of Temecula Zoning Ordinance The City’s Zoning Ordinance is one of the main tools used to implement the General Plan. Upon approval of the project, the design standards and regulations outlined in the Altair Specific Plan would replace the existing zoning on the project site, resulting in the project’s zoning being consistent with the General Plan. Significance Determination: No impact Consistency with Habitat Conservation Plan or Natural Community Conservation Plan See Section 3.9, Biological Resources of this EIR for a detailed discussion on the project’s consistency with the MSHCP. Impact LU-1: The project could be inconsistent with the MSHCP goals and objectives governing the assembly of conservation lands, wildlife linkages, and riparian/riverine resources. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation: Implement Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-1, MM-BIO-2, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-4b, MM-BIO-6a, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO-7a, MM-BIO-7b, MM-BIO-7c, AES-1, NOI- 1a, NOI-1b, and NOI-3. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.9-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-3 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH SCAG POLICIES Policy Number Policy Text Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Regional Transportation Plan 2012-2035/Sustainable Communities Strategy RTP/SCS G2 Maximize mobility and accessibility for all people and goods in the region. Consistent. The proposed project would involve construction of the Western Bypass that would link Rancho California Road with Temecula Parkway, which would allow through traffic to circumvent Old Town and is intended to relieve traffic congestion along Old Town Front Street. RTP/SCS G3 Ensure travel safety and reliability for all people and goods in the region. Consistent. As noted above, the project would involve construction of the Western Bypass, which would relieve traffic congestion in Old Town and would increase safety for other modes of transportation both within the project site and in Old Town. Furthermore, the proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. RTP/SCS G4 Preserve and ensure a sustainable regional transportation system. Consistent. With construction of the Western Bypass, the proposed project would alleviate traffic congestion and associated air quality concerns and would also introduce a Complete Streets concept to the project area, providing multi-modal connections between the project site, Old Town, and City Hall. RTP/SCS G4 Maximize the productivity of our transportation system. Consistent. With construction of the Western Bypass and implementation of bicycle and pedestrian routes, the proposed project would offer multi-modal transportation options to the users of the project area as well as relieving traffic congestion within the Old Town area of the city. RTP/SCS G6 Protect the environment and health of our residents by improving air quality and encouraging active transportation. Consistent. As noted above, the project would increase opportunities for pedestrians and bicyclists and discourage dependence on motor vehicles. RTP/SCS G7 Actively encourage and create incentives for energy efficiency, where possible. Consistent. In Chapter 15 of the Municipal Code, the City of Temecula has adopted the 2013 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen Code), which is intended to encourage sustainable building practices in several areas, including energy efficiency. Development occurring under the Specific Plan would be subject to the provisions of the CALGreen Code. RTP/SCS G8 Encourage land use and growth patterns that facilitate transit and non-motorized transportation. Consistent. The proposed project is intended to be the complementary residential component to the Old Town commercial district. As noted above, the proposed project would implement a comprehensive bicycle and pedestrian circulation network that connects the project area with Old Town and City Hall, allowing residents to walk or bike to these nearby amenities. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable EIR Section 3.1, Aesthetics Community Design Element Goal 1 Enhancement of the City’s image related to its regional and natural setting and its tourist orientation. Policy 1.3 Develop design standards to enhance the visual character of commercial centers located adjacent to I-15. Consistent. The project would establish design standards to enhance the visual character of commercial centers adjacent to I-15, as applicable. Policy 1.5L Maintain and incorporate natural amenities such as: rock outcroppings, indigenous vegetation, streams and watercourses within proposed development projects. Consistent. The project has been designed to preserve natural features onsite. In addition, Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-6b and MM-HYD-1 though MM- HYD-3 would be implemented to further reduce impacts to natural features. Goal 2 Design excellence in site planning, architecture, landscape architecture and signs. Policy 2.5 Limit light and glare pollution through design standards for outdoor lighting, the use of low intensity lights, and lighting that supports the continued use of the Mt. Palomar Observatory. Consistent. The project would incorporate design standards such as those identified in Mitigation Measure MM-AES-1 to minimize light and glare within the area. In addition, the project will comply with the Palomar Observatory Light Pollution Ordinance (Riverside County’s Light Pollution Ordinance No. 655). Policy 2.6 Enhance the visual identity of commercial districts. Consistent. The project includes design guidelines and development standards to encourage high-quality architectural and landscape design that would ensure a cohesive visual identity through the specific plan area. Goal 5: Protection of public views of significant natural features. Policy 5.1 Work with the County of Riverside to protect surrounding hillside areas from inappropriate grading and development that affects the visual backdrop of the valley. Consistent. The project includes design guidelines and development standards to encourage high-quality architectural and landscape design to minimize visual impacts on the surrounding hillsides. The project would also retain approximately 85 acres of natural open space along the western portion of the project site, which would provide a buffer between the proposed project and the undeveloped hills to the west. In addition, the project would obtain all necessary local permits and approvals for grading activities. Policy 5.2 Retain critical escarpment and major hillside areas to preserve open space areas on the west and south edges of the City. Consistent .The proposed project has been designed to minimize visual impacts on the surrounding hillsides and would be developed on a natural bench at the base of the Santa Margarita Mountains, thus minimizing development on steep slopes. The project would also retain approximately 85 acres of natural open space along the western portion of the project site, which would provide a buffer between the proposed project and the undeveloped hills to the west. Policy 5.3 Establish a program to acquire, or permanently protect, critical hillside areas from development. Consistent. The proposed project has been designed to minimize visual impacts on the surrounding hillsides and would be developed on a natural bench at the base of the Santa Margarita Mountains, thus minimizing development on steep slopes. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Land Use Element Goal 6 A development pattern that preserves aesthetics and enhances the environmental resources of the Planning Area. Policy 6.1 Preserve the natural aesthetics quality of hillsides and reduce hazards associated with hillside development within the Planning Area. Consistent. The proposed project has been designed to minimize visual impacts on the surrounding hillsides and would be developed on a natural bench at the base of the Santa Margarita Mountains, thus minimizing development on steep slopes. Open Space/Conservation Element Goal 5 Conservation of open space areas for a balance of recreation, scenic enjoyment, and protection of natural resources and features. Policy 5.1 Conserve the western escarpment and southern ridgelines, the Santa Margarita River, slopes in the Sphere of Influence, and other important landforms and historic landscape features through the development review process. Consistent .The proposed project has been designed around the sites natural features and would be developed on a natural bench at the base of the Santa Margarita Mountains, thus minimizing development on steep slopes. The project would also retain approximately 85 acres of natural open space along the western portion of the project site, which would provide a buffer between the proposed project and the undeveloped hills to the west. Policy 5.2 Retain critical escarpment and major hillside areas to preserve open space areas on the west and south edges of the City. Consistent .The proposed project has been designed around the sites natural features and would be developed on a natural bench at the base of the Santa Margarita Mountains, thus minimizing development on steep slopes. The project would also retain approximately 85 acres of natural open space along the western portion of the project site, which would provide a buffer between the proposed project and the undeveloped hills to the west. EIR Section 3.2, Air Quality Air Quality Element Goal 1 Continue coordination of air quality improvement efforts in the Western Riverside area. Policy 1.1 Coordinate planning efforts with other local, regional and State agencies, including the County of Riverside, Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG), SCAQMD and SCAG. Not applicable Policy 1.2 Encourage participation of local citizens, the business community and interested groups and individuals in air quality planning and implementation efforts. Not applicable Policy 1.3 Promote programs that educate the public about regional air quality issues, opportunities and solutions. Not applicable Goal 2 Improve air quality through effective land use planning in Temecula. Policy 2.1 Encourage new development that provides employment opportunities for Temecula residents to improve the balance of jobs relative to housing. Consistent. The project would create job opportunities during construction and operation that would help improve the balance of jobs relative to housing. Policy 2.2 Encourage infill development near activity centers, within Mixed Use Overlay Areas, and along transportation corridors. Consistent. The proposed project would include a mixed-use specific plan within major transportation corridors such as Temecula Parkway/Future Western Bypass and I-15. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 2.3 Minimize land use conflicts between emission sources and sensitive receptors. Consistent. Project related emissions have been analyzed in this EIR and the project has been designed to reduce impacts to sensitive receptors. See Section 3.2, Air Quality of this EIR for more information. Policy 2.4 Mitigate air quality impacts associated with development projects to the greatest extent feasible. Consistent. Air quality impacts have been analyzed in this EIR and Mitigation Measures MM--AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e, and MM-AQ-2 would be implemented to reduce such impacts to the greatest extent feasible. See Section 3.2, Air Quality, of this EIR for more information. Goal 3 Enhance mobility to minimize air pollutant emissions. Policy 3.1 Use transportation demand reduction techniques to reduce motor vehicle trips. Consistent. The project would involve construction of the Western Bypass, which would relieve traffic congestion in Old Town and would increase safety for other modes of transportation both within the project site and in Old Town. Furthermore, the proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 3.2 Use transportation systems management techniques to maintain an orderly flow of traffic and improve mobility. Consistent. As noted above, the project would involve construction of the Western Bypass, which would relieve traffic congestion in Old Town and would increase safety for other modes of transportation both within the project site and in Old Town. Furthermore, the proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 3.3 Pursue development of a public transit system consisting of local shuttle and bus routes, as well as bicycle and pedestrian trails that are linked to the regional transit network. Consistent. The proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 3.4 Establish a convenient and efficient system of bicycle routes and pedestrian walkways. Consistent. The proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 3.5 Promote the use of alternative clean-fueled vehicles, new transportation technologies, and combustion engine alternatives for personal and business use. Consistent. The project is designed to promote alternative modes of transportation in the area to reduce the dependence on fuel based vehicles. Policy 3.6 Develop and implement programs that reduce local traffic congestion at peak hours and during special events. Consistent. As noted above, the project would involve construction of the Western Bypass, which would relieve traffic congestion in Old Town and would increase safety for other modes of transportation both within the project site and in Old Town. Furthermore, the proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Goal 4 Adopt effective energy conservation and recycling practices to reduce emissions. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 4.1 Encourage community-wide reductions in energy consumption through conservation. Consistent. The project incorporates measures that promote energy conservation and reduce consumption of fossil fuels such as, onsite renewable energy and/or increased energy efficiency building standards (see Section 3.2, Air Quality), and site design and other measures that would reduce vehicle miles traveled (pedestrian trails, bikeways, compact residential development within walking distance of Old Town, trolley service between Altair and Old Town, etc.). Policy 4.3 Encourage energy-efficient design in new development projects. Consistent. In Chapter 15 of the Municipal Code, the City of Temecula has adopted the 2013 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen Code), which is intended to encourage sustainable building practices in several areas, including energy efficiency. Development occurring under the Specific Plan would be subject to the provisions of the CALGreen Code. EIR Section 3.3, Biological Resources Open Space and Conservation Element Goal 3 Conservation of important biological habitats and protection of plant and animal species of concern, wildlife movement corridors, and general biodiversity. Policy 3.1 Require development proposals to identify significant biological resources and provide mitigation, including the use of adequate buffering and sensitive site planning techniques, selective preservation, provision of replacement habitats; and other appropriate measures. Consistent. The project has identified significant biological resources and proposed mitigation, including the use of adequate buffering and sensitive site planning techniques, selective preservation, provision of replacement habitats; and other appropriate measures Policy 3.2 Work with State, regional and non-profit agencies and organizations to preserve and enhance significant biological resources. Consistent .The project has worked with State and regional organizations to preserve and enhance significant biological resources. The City and project proponents have met with local non-profit organizations regarding the wildlife corridors. Policy 3.3 Coordinate with the County of Riverside and other relevant agencies in the adoption and implementation of the Riverside County Multi-Species Habitat Conservation Plan. Consistent .The project has coordinated with the County and the RCA regarding the implementation of the MSHCP. Policy 3.4 Encourage developers to incorporate native drought resistant vegetation, mature trees, and other significant vegetation into site and landscape designs for proposed projects. Consistent .The project would revegetate slopes adjacent to Conserved Lands with native plants. Policy 3.5 Maintain an inventory of existing natural resources in the City. Consistent. The project has provided a compendium of biological resources recorded within the project. Policy 3.6 Limit recreational use of designated open space areas where there are sensitive biological resources as needed to protect these resources. Consistent. The project has been designed, to the extent possible, to separate out proposed open space areas from areas allowing recreational use. Policy 3.7 Maintain and enhance the resources of Temecula Creek, Pechanga Creek, Murrieta Creek, Santa Gertrudis Creek, Santa Margarita River, and other waterways to the ensure the long-term viability of the habitat, wildlife, and wildlife movement corridors. Consistent. The construction of the project could impede wildlife movement at the intersection of Santa Margarita River and Murrieta Creek. However, implementation of MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-3, MM-BIO-6b, MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b and MM-NOI-3 will result in the project being consistent with this policy. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Goal 5 Conservation of open space areas for a balance of recreation, scenic enjoyment, and protection of natural resources and features. Policy 5.1 Conserve the western escarpment and southern ridgelines, the Santa Margarita River, slopes in the Sphere of Influence, and other important landforms and historic landscape features through the development review process. Consistent. To the extent possible the western escarpment has been preserved. Proposed dedicated open space has been included as part of the project elements. Policy 5.2 Identify significant viewsheds to proposed projects that may be preserved through the dedication of open space or the use of sensitive grading, site design, and building techniques. Consistent. The project proposes to dedicate and preserve open space area that will protect viewsheds. Policy 5.3 Encourage the use of clustered development and other site planning techniques to maximize the preservation of permanent open spaces. Consistent. The project has incorporated cluster design and other site planning elements, including the realignment of the Western Bypass to maximize preservation of open spaces. Policy 5.4 Retain and improve the quality of landscaping in parkways, public slopes, rights-of-way, parks, civic facilities, and other public open areas. Consistent. Slopes along the Western Bypass will be revegetated with native plants outside fuel modification zones. Policy 5.8 Require re-vegetation of graded slopes concurrent with project development to minimize erosion and maintain the scenic character of the community. Consistent. Slopes adjacent to open space areas and the Western Bypass abutting the Conserved lands will be restored to coastal sage scrub. Policy 5.11 Encourage the use of native vegetation where revegetation and landscaping is to occur. Consistent. Slopes adjacent to open space areas and the Western Bypass abutting the Conserved lands will be restored to coastal sage scrub. EIR Section 3.4, Cultural Resources Open Space/Conservation Element Goal 6: Preservation of significant historical and cultural resources. Policy 6.1: Maintain an inventory of areas with archaeological/paleontological sensitivity, and historic sites in the Planning Area. Consistent. Archaeological Investigation Report and a cultural resources assessment were conducted for the project and findings were inventoried. See Section 3.4, Cultural Resources, of this EIR. Policy 6.2 Work to preserve or salvage potential archeological and paleontological resources on sites proposed for future development through the development review and mitigation monitoring processes. Consistent. The project has been designed to preserve archeological and paleontological resources within the Specific Plan area for future development. Mitigation measures MM-CUL-1a through MM-CUL-1d will be implemented to avoid, and/or minimize impacts to cultural resources. In addition, as stated in Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-2a, a Paleontological Mitigation Program will be implemented. Policy 6.4 Assist property owners in seeking State and/or federal registration and appropriate zoning for historic sites and assets. Policy 6.8 Support an integrated approach to historic preservation in coordination with other affected jurisdictions, agencies, and organizations for areas within the Planning Area and surrounding region that seeks to establish linkages between historic sites or buildings with other historic features such as roads, trails, ridges, and seasonal waterways. Not applicable. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 6.9 Encourage the preservation and re-use of historic structures, landscape features, roads, landmark trees, and trails. Consistent. The project has been designed to preserve, landscape features, roads, trees etc. Policy 6.10 Work with the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians to identify and appropriately address cultural resources and tribal sacred sites through the development review process. Consistent. The Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians has been consulted regarding cultural resources and tribal sacred sites and will have the opportunity to comment of this EIR. Policy 6.11 Encourage voluntary landowner efforts to protect cultural resource and tribal sacred sites consistent with State requirements. Consistent. The project has been designed to preserve cultural resources within the Specific Plan area for future development. Additionally, Mitigation measures MM-CUL- 1a through MM-CUL-1d will be implemented to avoid, and/or minimize impacts to cultural resources. See Section 3.4, Cultural Resources, of this EIR. EIR Section 3.5, Geology, Soils and Seismicity Public Safety Element Goal 1 Protection from natural hazards associated with geologic instability, seismic events, wild land fires, flooding, and dam failures. Policy 1.1 Identify and mitigate potential adverse impacts of ground surface rupture, liquefaction, and landslides at the project level. Consistent. Geologic hazards have been identified and assessed in Section 3.5, Geology, Soils and Seismicity, of this EIR. Policy 1.2 Apply and enforce seismic design standards and building construction codes for new development. Consistent. All applicable seismic design standards and California Building Code standards will be implemented as a part of the project. Policy 1.4 Monitor the potential for seismic events and other geologic activity with the County of Riverside and California Geologic Survey. Not applicable. Policy 1.5 Establish development management techniques to lessen the potential for erosion and landslides. Consistent .The proposed project has been designed around the sites natural features and would be developed on a natural bench at the base of the Santa Margarita Mountains, thus minimizing development on steep slopes. Standard construction Best Management Practices will be implemented including installation of silt fences, hay bales or application of soil stabilization measures on exposed areas that are designed to minimize the potential for erosion to occur. EIR Section 3.6, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Air Quality Element Goal 1 Continue coordination of air quality improvement efforts in the Western Riverside area. Policy 1.1 Coordinate planning efforts with other local, regional and State agencies, including the County of Riverside, Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG), SCAQMD and SCAG. Not applicable. Goal 2 Improve air quality through effective land use planning in Temecula. Policy 2.1 Encourage new development that provides employment opportunities for Temecula residents to improve the balance of jobs relative to housing. Consistent. The project would create job opportunities during construction and operation that would help improve the balance of jobs relative to housing. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 2.2 Encourage infill development near activity centers, within Mixed Use Overlay Areas, and along transportation corridors. Consistent. The proposed project would include a mixed-use specific plan within major transportation corridors such as Temecula Parkway/Future Western Bypass and I-15. Goal 3 Enhance mobility to minimize air pollutant emissions. Policy 3.1 Use transportation demand reduction techniques to reduce motor vehicle trips. Consistent. The project would involve construction of the Western Bypass, which would relieve traffic congestion in Old Town and would increase safety for other modes of transportation both within the project site and in Old Town. Furthermore, the proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 3.2 Use transportation systems management techniques to maintain an orderly flow of traffic and improve mobility. Consistent. As noted above, the project would involve construction of the Western Bypass, which would relieve traffic congestion in Old Town and would increase safety for other modes of transportation both within the project site and in Old Town. Furthermore, the proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 3.3 Pursue development of a public transit system consisting of local shuttle and bus routes, as well as bicycle and pedestrian trails that are linked to the regional transit network. Consistent. The proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 3.4 Establish a convenient and efficient system of bicycle routes and pedestrian walkways. Consistent. The proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 3.5 Promote the use of alternative clean-fueled vehicles, new transportation technologies, and combustion engine alternatives for personal and business use. Consistent. The project is designed to promote alternative modes of transportation in the area to reduce the dependence on fuel based vehicles. Policy 3.6 Develop and implement programs that reduce local traffic congestion at peak hours and during special events Consistent. As noted above, the project would involve construction of the Western Bypass, which would relieve traffic congestion in Old Town and would increase safety for other modes of transportation both within the project site and in Old Town. Furthermore, the proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Goal 4 Adopt effective energy conservation and recycling practices to reduce emissions. Policy 4.1 Encourage community-wide reductions in energy consumption through conservation. Consistent. The project incorporates measures that promote energy conservation and reduce consumption of fossil fuels such as, onsite renewable energy and/or increased energy efficiency building standards (see Section 3.2, Air Quality), and site design and other measures that would reduce vehicle miles traveled (pedestrian trails, bikeways, compact residential development within walking distance of Old Town, trolley service between Altair and Old Town, etc.). Altair Specific Plan 3.9-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 4.2 Promote local recycling of wastes and the use of recycled materials. Consistent. The project will be required to meet the 50 percent diversion rate as specified in the California Integrated Waste Management Act for all solid waste generated by the project and will include waste recycling collection areas in the design as outlined in the Altair Specific Plan (Chapter 7, Public Services). Policy 4.3 Encourage energy-efficient design in new development projects. Consistent. In Chapter 15 of the Municipal Code, the City of Temecula has adopted the 2013 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen Code), which is intended to encourage sustainable building practices in several areas, including energy efficiency. Development occurring under the Specific Plan would be subject to the provisions of the CALGreen Code. In addition, Mitigation Measure MM-AQ-1d would further require that buildings implement energy efficiency standards that exceed the 2013 Title 24 standards by 15 percent or include onsite renewable energy, such as the incorporation of solar panels into project development, such that 9 percent of the onsite energy consumption is offset. EIR Section 3.7, Hazards and Hazardous Materials Public Safety Element Goal 2 Protection of the public and environmental resources from hazards related to hazardous materials and waste, and nuclear power production. Policy 2.1 Minimize the risks associated with hazardous materials through careful land use planning and coordination with responsible federal, State, and County agencies. Consistent. The use and transportation of hazardous materials has been evaluated in Section 3.7, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, of this EIR. Policy 2.2 Participate in local and regional programs that facilitate the proper disposal of household hazardous waste. Consistent. All hazardous waste associated with the proposed project will be properly disposed of, consistent with all local, state and federal regulations. Policy 2.3 The policies and programs of the current Riverside County Hazardous Waste Management Plan (HWMP) are hereby adopted by reference. Consistent. The proposed project will be consistent with the policies and programs outlined in the HWMP, as applicable. Policy 2.4 Coordinate with local, State and federal agencies to reduce the risks related to nuclear power production. Not applicable. EIR Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality Open Space/Conservation Element Goal 2 Conservation and protection of surface water, groundwater and imported water resources. Policy 2.1 Coordinate with the Riverside County Flood Control District to design flood control improvements that preserve, to the maximum extent feasible, important natural features and resources of the local creeks and riparian forest of the Santa Margarita River. Consistent. Implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-HYD-1 through MM-HYD-3 would protect Murrieta Creek, a tributary to Santa Margarita River, from stormwater runoff and erosion. See Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality, of this EIR. Policy 2.2 Identify and protect groundwater resources from depletion and sources of pollution in cooperation with the Rancho California Water District and the San Diego Water Quality Control Board. Consistent. Impacts to groundwater have been analyzed in Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality, of this EIR and were found to be less than significant. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 2.3 Conserve potable water by requiring water conservation techniques in all new development. Consistent. Water conservation measures will be implemented as Best Management Practices, as applicable. Policy 2.4 Use reclaimed water for the irrigation of parks, golf courses, public landscaped areas and other feasible applications as service becomes available from Rancho California Water District and Eastern Municipal Water District. Consistent. The use of reclaimed water for landscaping will be implemented, as feasible. Policy 2.5 Require the use of soil management techniques to reduce erosion, eliminate off-site sedimentation, and prevent other soil-related problems that may adversely affect waterways in the community. Consistent. Implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-HYD-1 through MM-HYD-3 would avoid and/or minimize stormwater runoff and erosion. A Preliminary Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) has been prepared that identifies the Best Management Practices (BMPs) for storm water treatment facilities, source control, and site design (Appendix G of this EIR). See Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality, of this EIR. Policy 2.6 Regulate and manage lands adjacent to or affecting watercourses as stipulated by the Regional Water Resources Control Board. Consistent. Operation of future developments within the project site would be required to comply with the development planning requirements of the SDRWQCB MS4 permit. Policy 2.7 Ensure that approved projects have filed a Notice of Intent and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan in accordance with the Federal Clean Water Act, prior to issuance of grading permits. Consistent. Projects will file a Notice of Intent and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan in accordance with the Federal Clean Water Act, prior to issuance of grading permits. Policy 2.8 Ensure adequate inspection and enforcement of the requirements of general construction permits, particularly related to erosion control during grading and construction. Consistent. All requirements of general construction permits will be implanted during grading. Policy 2.9 Participate in regional planning for the Santa Margarita River Watershed in conjunction with federal, State, regional and local agencies, and nonprofit organizations. Not applicable. Policy 2.10 Participate in water resource management planning to facilitate the long- term availability of water resources for western Riverside County. Not applicable. Policy 2.11 Participate in outreach educational programs to educate the public about water conservation methods, new technologies and drought resistant landscapes. Not applicable. Policy 2.12 Work with appropriate agencies to encourage ground water recharge facilities along flood control channels and creeks. Not applicable. Public Safety Element Goal 1 Protection from natural hazards associated with geologic instability, seismic events, wild land fires, flooding, and dam failures. Policy 1.6 Provide and maintain adequate flood control facilities and limit development within the 100-year floodplain and potential dam inundation areas. Consistent. The project area is not within the 100-year flood zone of Murrieta Creek and no structural development would occur in the within the 100-year flood zone. See Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality, of this EIR. Policy 1.7 Prohibit development of any kind within the floodway portion of the 100 year floodplain. Consistent. The project area is not within the 100-year flood zone of Murrieta Creek and no structural development would occur in the within the 100-year flood zone. See Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality, of this EIR. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Growth Management and Public Facilities Element Goal 7 An effective, safe and environmentally compatible flood control system. Policy 7.1 Work with the Riverside County Flood Control District and other agencies involved with Murrieta Creek flood control improvements to implement a solution that maximizes retention of natural resources and provision of recreation opportunities along the Creek. Not applicable. Policy 7.3 Wherever possible, give priority to flood control methods that maintain natural areas, maximize the beneficial uses of water through natural systems, and provide additional trail opportunities. Not applicable. EIR Section 3.9, Land Use and Planning Land Use Element Goal 1: A Diverse and integrated mix of residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, public and open space land uses. Policy 1.1 Review all proposed development plans for consistency with community goals, policies and implementation programs of this General Plan, and consider potential impacts on surrounding land uses and infrastructure. Consistent. The project would implement form-based code principals in order to establish a set of detailed design guidelines by which future development within the project area must comply. Policy 1.2 Promote the use of innovative site planning techniques that contribute to development of variety of residential product styles and designs, including housing suitable for the community’s labor force. Consistent .The project would include residential “villages” that encourage various residential densities and development types, including high-density apartment buildings, row houses, attached single-family homes, townhouses, etc. Policy 1.3 Require development of unified or clustered community-level and neighborhood-level commercial centers and discourage development strip commercial uses. Consistent .The project would only allow a small amount of neighborhood-serving commercial uses within several of the residential villages and would provide several direct pedestrian connections with the Old Town commercial district. Policy1.5 Require the preparation of specific plans as designated on the Specific Plan Areas map to achieve the comprehensive planning and phasing of development and infrastructure. Consistent .The project would involve adoption of a specific plan for the project area in order to encourage a more cohesive development pattern and identity for the area. Policy 1.6 Encourage flexible zoning techniques in appropriate locations to encourage mixed-use development, preserve natural features, achieve innovative site design, achieve a range of transition of densities, provide open space and recreation facilities, and/or provide necessary amenities and facilities. Consistent. The project involves adoption of a specific plan to guide development of a primarily residential neighborhood with some commercial and civic and institutional uses. The project would establish form-based code principals to encourage various residential densities and building forms. The project also involves preservation of open space areas and the development of publicly accessible and private parks. Policy 1.7 Pursue opportunities to locate higher density housing with supporting commercial and public uses west of I-15. Consistent. The project area is located west of 1-15 and would provide for high-density residential uses in proximity to the Old Town commercial district, in addition to a small amount of neighborhood-serving commercial uses. Policy 1.8 Encourage future development of a community hospital and related services, as well as a community college, major college or university. Consistent. The project would allow for an up to 450,000-square-foot civic use on the 55-acre South Parcel. This use could involve development of an educational facility, a convention center, and/or hospital or cultural center. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 1.9 Establish paseos, greenbelts, linear parks and trails within buffer areas between developments and at the City’s edge. Consistent. The proposed project would retain approximately 85 acres of natural open space along the western portion of the project site, which would provide a buffer between the proposed project and the undeveloped lands to the west. While this area of the project site would not contain trails, hiking trails would be incorporated throughout the rest of the project site in order to provide pedestrian connectivity within the villages of the project site as well as to the Old Town commercial district. Policy 1.10 Distribute high-density housing throughout the community around transit nodes. Consistent. The proposed project would involve development of high-density housing adjacent to Old Town and would involve extension of the trolley routes that serve Old Town into the project area. Goal 2: Successful, high-quality mixed-use development projects containing a mix of residential, commercial/office, and civic land uses, supported by alternative modes of transportation. Policy 2.4 Link mixed use projects and village centers with trails and potential transit systems, including RTA bus, shuttles and commuter/high speed rail. Consistent. While primarily residential, the project would also entail a small amount of commercial and civic uses within proximity to public transit routes within Old Town. In addition, the project would expand trolley routes from Old Town into the project site. Policy 2.5 Ensure that the architecture, landscape design, and site planning of mixed use projects is of the highest quality, emphasizing a pedestrian scale and safe and convenient access between uses. Consistent. The project includes design guidelines and development standards to encourage high-quality architectural and landscape design. In addition, the project would provide for pedestrian access to Old Town. Policy 2.6 Ensure adequate public gathering areas or plazas are incorporated within mixed use projects to allow for social interaction and community activities. Consistent. The proposed project would involve development of several central gathering spaces within each villages as well as a prominent public plaza within Village C that is on direct access with Main Street and City Hall and would include a community center with a recreation center and pool in the northwest of the plaza and a clubhouse in the northeast of the plaza. Goal 5: A land use pattern that protects and enhances residential neighborhoods. Policy 5.1 Consider the compatibility of proposed projects on surrounding uses in terms of the size and configuration of buildings, use of materials and landscaping, preservation of existing vegetation and landform, the location of access routes, noise impacts, traffic impacts, and other environmental conditions. Consistent. The purpose of this EIR is to evaluate the project’s compatibility with surrounding uses, the project’s impact on existing vegetation and landform, and the project’s impacts on access routes, noise, traffic, and other environmental conditions. Policy 5.3 Require proposed development to evaluate the incremental traffic impacts on local roads throughout the proposed project phasing in order to ensure that any adverse impacts to local roads in residential areas are avoided or adequately mitigated. Consistent. The traffic impacts of the project are analyzed as part of this EIR and are presented in Section 3.13, Transportation and Traffic. Goal 6 A development pattern that preserves aesthetics and enhances the environmental resources of the Planning Area. Policy 6.1 Preserve the natural aesthetic quality of hillsides and reduce hazards associated with hillside development within the Planning Area. Consistent. The proposed project has been designed to minimize visual impacts on the surrounding hillsides and would be developed on a natural bench at the base of the Santa Margarita Mountains, thus minimizing development on steep slopes. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-21 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 6.3 Conserve the natural resources of area watercourses, including Santa Gertrudis, Temecula and Murrieta Creeks, through appropriate development densities, managing stormwater runoff, and conservation site planning. Consistent. The project site is adjacent to Murrieta Creek and is near the Santa Margarita River, but would not involve development adjacent to either of these watercourses. Also, the project would incorporate “green” drainage infrastructure to manage stormwater runoff from the site (see Section 3.8, Hydrology and Water Quality). Policy 6.4 Protect and enhance significant ecological and biological resources within and surrounding Temecula. Consistent. The project site is within the Murrieta Creek and Santa Rosa Plateau subunits of the MSHCP’s Southwest Area Plan. The proposed project would include the preservation of open space within the MSHCP area, and impacts to biological resources that would result from the project would be reduced to less than significant in all areas except wildlife corridor goals (see Section 3.3, Biological Resources). Implementation of MM-AES-1, MM-BIO-4a, MM-BIO-6b, MM-BIO-7a through MM-BIO-7c, MM-NOI-1a, and MM-NOI-1b would reduce potential direct and indirect impacts to mountain lion and bobcat movement. However, the project would permanently affect the functioning of wildlife corridors, and, therefore, even with the mitigation measures, impacts remain significant. Open Space Element/Conservation Element Goal 1 A high quality parks and recreation system that meets the diverse recreation needs of residents. Policy 1.1 Ensure sufficient parkland and recreation facilities to support new development through acquisition and/or dedication that meets the requirement for 5 acres of useable park land per 1,000 population. Consistent. The proposed project would include approximately 16 acres of total active parkland. Depending on how many residential units are ultimately built, the project may require up to 20 acres of active parkland to meet the City’s 5 acres of useable parkland per 1,000 residents; however, the applicant also has the option of paying in-lieu fees to meet the City’s standards. Policy 1.3 Encourage the enhancement and preservation of historic structures and landscape, and significant natural features, such as riparian areas, rock outcroppings, sensitive habitat areas, and viewpoints through park design and site development. Consistent. The proposed project has been designed to take advantage of the project site’s landforms in order to minimize impacts on views of the hillsides and to minimize impact to adjacent sensitive habitat areas. Goal 3 Conservation of important biological habitats and protection of plant and animal species of concern, wildlife movement corridors, and general biodiversity. Policy 3.3 Coordinate with the County of Riverside and other relevant agencies in the adoption and implementation of the Riverside County Multi-Species Habitat Conservation Plan. Consistent. A MSHCP consistency report has been prepared for the proposed project and the City is coordinating with the Western Riverside Regional Conservation Authority on the project (see Section 3.3, Biological Resources). Goal 6 Preservation of significant historical and cultural resources. Policy 6.2 Work to preserve or salvage potential archeological and paleontological resources on sites proposed for future development through the development review and mitigation monitoring processes. Consistent. The potential for archaeological or paleontological resources to exist within the project area has been assessed as part of this EIR (see Section 3.4, Cultural Resources) and mitigation measures have been identified to minimize impacts on archaeological resources. Policy 6.10 Work with the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians to identify and appropriately address cultural resources and tribal sacred sites through the development review process. Consistent. As part of the preparation of the project, the City has conducted consultation with the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians per SB 18. In addition, further outreach with the Pechanga was conducted during preparation of this EIR. See Section 3.4, Cultural Resources, for a summary of these outreach efforts. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-22 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Growth Management/Public Facilities Element Goal 3 Effective and cost-effective police, fire and emergency medical services within the City. Policy 3.1 Evaluate police protection services for adequate facilities, staffing and equipment based on changes in population and development and to ensure an adequate response time for emergencies. Strive to provide a minimum of one full-time officer per 1,000 residents for police protection services. Consistent. The impacts of the project on police protection services have been analyzed as part of this EIR, and as indicated in Section 3.12, Public Services, the project would not inhibit the police department from meeting adequate response and service standards. Goal 4 A quality school system with adequate facilities and funding to educate the youth of Temecula. Policy 4.1 Provide information to the Temecula Valley Unified School District when considering General Plan Amendments, specific plans, zone changes, or other legislative land use policy decisions. Consistent. As part of the preparation of this EIR, Temecula Valley Unified School District was contacted regarding the proposed specific plan (see Section 3.21, Public Services). Policy 4.2 Promote and encourage development phasing so that the School District may plan, finance, and construct school facilities to serve new development. Consistent. Buildout of the project is anticipated to occur over a 10-year period and would include the option to develop an elementary school on the project site, thus, aiding the School District with its facilities plans. The project would also be required to pay development impact fees associated with the funding of school facilities under AB 2926. Noise Element Goal 3 Minimize the impact of noise levels throughout the community through land use planning. Policy N- 3.4 Evaluate potential noise conflicts for individual sites and projects, and require mitigation of all significant noise impacts as a condition of project approval. Consistent. Noise conflicts that may arise as part of implementation of the project are analyzed in Section 3.10 of this EIR. Community Design Element Goal 2 Design excellence in site planning, architecture, landscape architecture and signs. Policy CD- 2.1 Establish and consistently apply design standards and guidelines for both residential and non-residential development. Consistent. The project would establish design standards and guidelines for all new development within the project area. Goal 4 A streetscape system that provides cohesiveness and enhances community image. Policy CD- 4.1 Promote the development of a continuous sidewalk and trail system throughout the City. Consistent. The project would incorporate Complete Streets design principles on the project area’s roadways, including development of bicycle and pedestrian paths throughout the site with several access points to the adjacent Old Town district. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable EIR Section 3.10, Noise Noise Element Goal 1 Separate significant noise generators from sensitive receptors. Policy 1.1 Discourage noise sensitive land uses in noisy exterior environments unless measures can be implemented to reduce exterior and interior noise to acceptable levels. Alternatively, encourage less sensitive uses in areas adjacent to major noise generators but require sound–appropriate interior working environment. Consistent. NOI-1a and NOI-1b would reduce impacts to nearby sensitive receptors. See Section 3.10, Noise and Vibration, of this EIR. Policy 1.2 Limit the hours of construction activity next to residential areas to reduce noise intrusion in the early morning, late evening, weekends and holidays. Consistent. Per the Municipal Code, construction activities associated with the project would not be allowed to occur between the hours of 6:30 P.M. and 7:00 A.M. Monday through Friday, and would only be allowed between 7:00 A.M. and 6:30 P.M. on Saturday. Further, no construction activity is allowed to occur on Sundays and nationally recognized holidays. Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b, MM-NOI-2a, MM- NOI-2b, MM-NOI-3, MM-NOI-4a, MM-NOI-4b, and MM-NOI-5 would further reduce noise impacts and land use conflicts. Policy 1.3 Use information from the noise contour map in the General Plan in the development review process to prevent location of sensitive land uses near major stationary noise sources. Consistent. MM-NOI-1a and MM-NOI-1b would reduce impacts to nearby sensitive receptors. In addition, Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-3 requires that, the applicant for the development shall provide evidence to the City that the City’s noise/land use compatibility standards are met for the land use being developed prior to City approval of a future project-specific development within the project area. See Section 3.10, Noise and Vibration, of this EIR. Goal 2 Minimize transfer of noise impacts between adjacent land uses. Policy 2.1 Limit the maximum permitted noise levels crossing property lines and impacting adjacent land uses. Consistent. Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b, MM-NOI-2a, MM-NOI-2b, MM-NOI-3, MM-NOI-4a, MM-NOI-4b, and MM-NOI-5 would reduce noise impacts and land use conflicts. Policy 2.2 Establish criteria for placement and operation of stationary outdoor equipment. Not applicable. Policy 2.3 Require that mixed-use structures and areas be designed to prevent transfer of noise and vibration from commercial areas to residential areas. Consistent. Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b, MM-NOI-2a, MM-NOI-2b, MM-NOI-3, MM-NOI-4a, MM-NOI-4b, and MM-NOI-5 would reduce noise impacts and land use conflicts. Goal 3 Minimize the impact of noise levels throughout the community through land use planning Policy 3.1 Enforce and maintain acceptable noise limit standards. Consistent. The project will comply with the noise limits set forth in the Municipal Code; Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b, MM-NOI-2a, MM-NOI-2b, MM-NOI-3, MM-NOI-4a, MM-NOI-4b, and MM-NOI-5 would reduce noise impacts. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-24 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 3.2 Work with the County of Riverside and the City of Murrieta to minimize or avoid land use/noise conflicts prior to project approvals. Consistent. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-3 requires that, the applicant for the development shall provide evidence to the City that the City’s noise/land use compatibility standards are met for the land use being developed prior to City approval of a future project-specific development within the project area. See Section 3.10, Noise and Vibration, of this EIR. Policy 3.3 Encourage the creative use of site and building design techniques as a means to minimize noise impacts Consistent. The project will implement design techniques to minimize noise impacts, as feasible. Policy 3.7 Evaluate potential noise conflicts for individual sites and projects, and require mitigation of all significant noise impacts as a condition of project approval. Consistent. Noise impacts have been analyzed in Section 3.10, Noise and Vibration, of this EIR. Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b, MM-NOI-2a, MM-NOI-2b, MM- NOI-3, MM-NOI-4a, MM-NOI-4b, and MM-NOI-5 would reduce noise impacts. Goal 4 Minimize impacts from transportation noise sources. Policy 4.1 Minimize noise conflicts between land uses and the circulation network, and mitigate sound levels where necessary or feasible to ensure the peace and quiet of the community. Consistent. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-3 requires that, the applicant for the development shall provide evidence to the City that the City’s noise/land use compatibility standards are met for the land use being developed prior to City approval of a future project-specific development within the project area. Policy 4.2 Ensure the effective enforcement of City, State and Federal noise impacts from vehicles, particularly in residential areas. Consistent. Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-1a, MM-NOI-1b, MM-NOI-2a, MM-NOI-2b, MM-NOI-3, MM-NOI-4a, MM-NOI-4b, and MM-NOI-5 would reduce noise impacts and land use conflicts relating to construction traffic. Policy 4.3 Enforce the speed limit on arterials and local roads to reduce noise impacts from vehicles, particularly in residential areas. Not applicable. Policy 4.4 Coordinate with Caltrans to ensure the inclusion of noise mitigation measures in the design of new highways or improvement projects in the Planning Area. Consistent. The project will coordinate with Caltrans for the design of the Western Bypass. Policy 4.5 Participate in the planning and impact assessment activities of the County Airport Land Use Commission and other regional or State agencies relative to any proposed expansion of the airport or change in flight patterns. Not applicable. EIR Section 3.11, Population and Housing Housing Element Goal 1 Provide a diversity of housing opportunities that satisfy the physical, social, and economic needs of existing and future residents of Temecula. Policy 1.1 Provide an inventory of land at varying densities sufficient to accommodate the existing and projected housing needs in the City. Consistent .The project would include residential “villages” that encourage various residential densities and development types, including high-density apartment buildings, row houses, attached single-family homes, townhouses, etc. Policy 1.2 Encourage residential development that provides a range of housing types in terms of cost, density, and type, and provides the opportunity for local residents to live and work in the same community by balancing jobs and housing types. Consistent .The project would include residential “villages” that encourage various residential densities and development types, including high-density apartment buildings, row houses, attached single-family homes, townhouses, etc. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 1.3 Require a mixture of diverse housing types and densities in new developments around the village centers to enhance their people-orientation and diversity. Consistent .The project would include residential “villages” that encourage various residential densities and development types. The project involves adoption of a specific plan to guide development of a primarily residential neighborhood with some commercial and civic and institutional uses. The project would establish form-based code principals to encourage various residential densities and building forms. Policy 1.4 Support the use of innovative site planning and architectural design in residential development. Consistent. The project includes design guidelines and development standards to encourage high-quality architectural and landscape design. Policy 1.5 Encourage the use of clustered development to preserve and enhance important environmental resources and open space, consistent with sustainability principles. Consistent. The project also involves preservation of open space areas and the development of publicly accessible and private parks. Policy 1.6 Encourage the development of compatible mixed-use projects that promote and enhance village concept, facilitate the efficient use of public facilities, support alternative transit options, and provide affordable housing alternatives by establishing a program of incentives for mixed-use projects. Consistent. The proposed project would involve development of several central gathering spaces within each villages as well as a prominent public plaza within Village C that is on direct access with Main Street and City Hall and would include a community center with a recreation center and pool in the northwest of the plaza and a clubhouse in the northeast of the plaza. The project also supports accessibility to public transit and alternative modes of transportation. Goal 5 Provide equal housing opportunity for all residents in Temecula. Policy 5.3 Encourage housing design standards that promote the accessibility of housing for persons with special needs, such as the elderly, persons with disabilities, large families, single-parent households, and the homeless. Consistent. The project provides a wide mix of housing types that could serve these special needs groups. EIR Section 3.12, Public Services Growth Management/Public Facilities Element Goal 2 Orderly and efficient patterns of growth that enhance the life for Temecula residents. Policy 2.2 Ensure that phasing of public facilities and services occurs in such a way that new development is adequately supported as it develops. Consistent. Impacts to public services are fully analyzed in Section 3.12, Public Services, of this EIR. The project would pay all applicable development fees to ensure the availability of public services in the area. Goal 3 Effective and cost-efficient police, fire and emergency medical services within the City. Policy 3.1 Evaluate police protection services for adequate facilities, staffing, and equipment based on changes in population and development and to ensure an adequate response time for emergencies. Strive to provide a minimum of 1 full-time officer per 1,000 residents for police protection services. Consistent. The proposed project would be required to pay development impact fees to allow the police department to add additional staff to provide services to accommodate growth associated with the project in order to maintain service ratios. Section 3.12, Public Services, of this EIR. Policy 3.2 Require new development to address fire and police protection proactively through all-weather access, street design, orientation of entryways, siting of structures, landscaping, lighting, and other security features. Require illuminated addresses on new construction. Provide facilities, staffing, and equipment necessary to maintain a 5-minute response time for 90 percent of all emergencies. Consistent. Compliance with TMC 15.060.020 would ensure that the proposed buildings would include adequate fire detection and suppression systems to allow for fires to be quickly contained and would ensure that the fire department maintains an adequately sized staff and equipment in order to meet any additional demands generated by the project. Section 3.12, Public Services, of this EIR. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-26 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 3.4 Coordinate with the County of Riverside to locate and phase new sheriff facilities and fire stations to ensure adequate service levels are maintained. Consistent. Impacts to public services are fully analyzed in Section 3.12, Public Services, of this EIR. The project would pay all applicable development fees to ensure the availability of public services in the area. Goal 4 A quality school system with adequate facilities and funding to educate the youth of Temecula. Policy 4.2 Promote and encourage development phasing so that the School District may plan, finance, and construct, school facilities to serve new development. Consistent. Given the payment of developer fees, existing capacity at the schools in the project area, the construction of an elementary school as a part of the project, and Temecula Valley Unified School District (VUSD’s) proposed construction of five new schools, TVUSD would be able to accommodate the students generated by the project and would not require further expansion of facilities. Section 3.12, Public Services, of this EIR. EIR Section 3.13, Transportation and Traffic Circulation Element Goal 1 Strive to maintain a Level of Service “D” or better at intersections within the City during peak hours and Level of Service “C” or better during non-peak hours. Policy 1.1 Use the Circulation Element Roadway Plan to guide detailed planning and implementation of the City’s roadway system, including appropriate road width and median transitions when a roadway classification changes. Consistent. The project will comply with the Circulation Element’s Roadway Plan, as applicable. Policy 1.2 Pursue trip reductions and transportation systems management measures to reduce and limit congestion at intersections and along streets within the City Consistent. As noted above, the project would involve construction of the Western Bypass, which would relieve traffic congestion in Old Town and would increase safety for other modes of transportation both within the project site and in Old Town. Furthermore, the proposed project would implement features of the Complete Streets program, which would enhance mobility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. In addition, the project proposes to extend existing transit routes into the project area. Policy 1.5 Require additional right-of-way and impose additional parking restrictions for approaches to all Principal Intersections to allow for future intersection improvements and turning movements. Consistent. Section 3.13, Traffic and Transportation, of this EIR includes proposed roadway improvements and fully analyzes traffic impacts. Mitigation Measures MM-TRA- 1 through MM-TRA-13 would ensure compliance with roadway design standards. EIR Section 3.14, Utilities and Water Supply Assessment Growth Management/Public Facilities Element Goal 6 A water and wastewater infrastructure system that supports development in the planning area. Policy 6.1 Require landowners to demonstrate that an available water supply and sewer treatment capacity exists or will be provided to serve proposed development, prior to issuance of building permits. Consistent. Water supply is evaluated in Section 3.14, Utilities and Service Systems, of this EIR. In addition, a Water Supply Assessment is provided in Appendix J of this EIR. Policy 6.2 Require landowners, prior to issuance of building permits, to demonstrate that adequate wastewater capacity exists to serve proposed development. Consistent. Water supply is evaluated in Section 3.14, Utilities and Service Systems, of this EIR. In addition, a Water Supply Assessment is provided in Appendix J of this EIR. Goal 8 A solid waste management system providing safe and efficient collection, transportation, recovery and disposal of waste. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.9 Land Use and Planning TABLE 3.9-4 CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH THE CITY OF TEMECULA GENERAL PLAN GOALS/POLICIES General Plan Goals and Policies Statement of Consistency, Non-Consistency, or Not Applicable Policy 8.1 Coordinate with the County of Riverside to provide and expand solid waste collection, storage, transportation, recovery, and disposal services to meet the needs of the City. Consistent. Existing solid waste facilities are adequate to accommodate the project; see Section 3.14, Utilities and Service Systems, of this EIR. Altair Specific Plan 3.9-28 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration This section evaluates the potential for noise and groundborne vibration impacts to result from implementation of the project. This includes the potential for the project to produce a substantial temporary and/or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project site, or to produce noise exposure in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance. Data used to prepare this analysis were obtained from the City of Temecula General Plan Noise Element, the City of Temecula Municipal Code, and by measuring existing and modeling future noise levels at the project site and the surrounding land uses. Information contained in the project Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) prepared by Fehr & Peers (Appendix I of this Draft EIR) was used in the modeling of traffic noise exposure. Noise Principles and Descriptors Noise is generally defined as unwanted sound. Sound, traveling in the form of waves from a source, exerts a sound pressure level (referred to as sound level) that is measured in decibels (dB), which is the standard unit of sound amplitude measurement. The dB scale is a logarithmic scale that describes the physical intensity of the pressure vibrations that make up any sound, with 0 dB corresponding roughly to the threshold of human hearing and 120 to 140 dB corresponding to the threshold of pain. Pressure waves traveling through air exert a force registered by the human ear as sound. Sound pressure fluctuations can be measured in units of hertz (Hz), which correspond to the frequency of a particular sound. Typically, sound does not consist of a single frequency, but rather a broad band of frequencies varying in levels of magnitude. When all the audible frequencies of a sound are measured, a sound spectrum is plotted consisting of a range of frequency spanning 20 to 20,000 Hz. The sound pressure level, therefore, constitutes the additive force exerted by a sound corresponding to the sound frequency/sound power level spectrum. The typical human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies of the audible sound spectrum. As a consequence, when assessing potential noise impacts, sound is measured using an electronic filter that deemphasizes the frequencies below 1,000 Hz and above 5,000 Hz in a manner corresponding to the human ear’s decreased sensitivity to extremely low and extremely high frequencies. This method of frequency weighting is referred to as A-weighting and is expressed in units of A-weighted decibels (dBA). A-weighting follows an international standard methodology of frequency de-emphasis and is typically applied to community noise measurements. Some representative noise sources and their corresponding A-weighted noise levels are shown in Figure 3.10-1. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Altair Specific Plan . 140106Figure 3.10-1Effects of Noise on People SOURCE: ESA 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 LOCAL COMMITTEE ACTIVITY WITH INFLUENTIAL OR LEGAL ACTION LETTERS OF PROTEST Rock Band Inside Subway Train (New York) Food Blender at 3 Ft. Garbage Disposal at 3 Ft. Shouting at 3 Ft. Vacuum Cleaner at 10 Ft. Large Business Office Concert Hall (Background) Broadcast and Recording Studio Threshold of Hearing Jet Flyover at 1000 Ft. COMMON INDOORNOISE LEVELS COMMON OUTDOORNOISE LEVELS NOISELEVEL(dBA, Leq)PUBLIC REACTION Gas Lawn Mower at 3 Ft. Diesel Truck at 50 Ft. Noisy Urban Daytime Gas Lawn Mower at 100 Ft. Commercial AreaHeavy Traffic at 300 Ft. Quiet Urban Nighttime Quiet Suburban Nighttime Quiet Rural Nighttime COMPLAINTS LIKELY COMPLAINTS POSSIBLE COMPLAINTS RARE ACCEPTANCE 4 Times As Loud Twice As Loud 1/2 As Loud 1/4 As Loud REFERENCE Small Theater, Large Conference Room (Background) Library Dishwasher Next Room Quiet Urban Daytime 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Noise Exposure and Community Noise An individual’s noise exposure is a measure of noise over a period of time. A noise level is a measure of noise at a given instant in time. The noise levels presented in Figure 3.10-1 are representative of measured noise at a given instant in time; however, they rarely persist consistently over a long period of time. Rather, community noise varies continuously over a period of time with respect to the contributing sound sources of the community noise environment. Community noise is primarily the product of many distant noise sources, which constitute a relatively stable background noise exposure, with the individual contributors unidentifiable. The background noise level changes throughout a typical day, but does so gradually, corresponding with the addition and subtraction of distant noise sources such as traffic. What makes community noise variable throughout a day, besides the slowly changing background noise, is the addition of short-duration, single-event noise sources (e.g., aircraft flyovers, motor vehicles, sirens), which are readily identifiable to the individual. These successive additions of sound to the community noise environment change the community noise level from instant to instant, requiring the measurement of noise exposure over a period of time to legitimately characterize a community noise environment and evaluate cumulative noise impacts. This time-varying characteristic of environmental noise is described using statistical noise descriptors. The most frequently used noise descriptors are summarized below: Leq: The Leq, or equivalent sound level, is used to describe noise over a specified period of time in terms of a single numerical value; the Leq of a time-varying signal and that of a steady signal are the same if they deliver the same acoustic energy over a given time. The Leq may also be referred to as the average sound level. Lmax: The maximum, instantaneous noise level experienced during a given period of time. Lmin: The minimum, instantaneous noise level experienced during a given period of time. Ldn: Also termed the DNL, the Ldn is the average A-weighted noise level during a 24-hour day, obtained after an addition of 10 dB to measured noise levels between the hours of 10:00 PM to 7:00 AM to account nighttime noise sensitivity. CNEL: CNEL, or Community Noise Equivalent Level, is the average A-weighted noise level during a 24-hour day that is obtained after an addition of 5 dBA to measured noise levels between the hours of 7:00 PM to 10:00 PM and after an addition of 10 dBA to noise levels between the hours of 10:00 PM to 7:00 AM to account for noise sensitivity in the evening and nighttime, respectively. Effects of Noise on People Noise is generally loud, unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired sound that is typically associated with human activity that is a nuisance or disruptive. The effects of noise on people can be placed into four general categories: • Subjective effects (e.g., dissatisfaction, annoyance); • Interference effects (e.g., communication, sleep, and learning interference); • Physiological effects (e.g., startle response); and • Physical effects (e.g., hearing loss). Altair Specific Plan 3.10-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Although exposure to high noise levels has been demonstrated to cause physical and physiological effects, the principal human responses to typical environmental noise exposure are related to subjective effects and interference with activities. Interference effects of environmental noise refer to those effects that interrupt daily activities and include interference with human communication activities, such as normal conversations, watching television, telephone conversations, and interference with sleep. Sleep interference effects can include both awakening and arousal to a lesser state of sleep. With regard to the subjective effects, the responses of individuals to similar noise events are diverse and are influenced by many factors, including the type of noise, the perceived importance of the noise, the appropriateness of the noise to the setting, the duration of the noise, the time of day and the type of activity during which the noise occurs, and individual noise sensitivity. Overall, there is no completely satisfactory way to measure the subjective effects of noise, or the corresponding reactions of annoyance and dissatisfaction on people. A wide variation in individual thresholds of annoyance exists, and different tolerances to noise tend to develop based on an individual’s past experiences with noise. Thus, an important way of predicting a human reaction to a new noise environment is the way it compares to the existing environment to which one has adapted (i.e., comparison to the ambient noise environment). In general, the more a new noise level exceeds the previously existing ambient noise level, the less acceptable the new noise level will be judged by those hearing it. With regard to increases in A-weighted noise level, the following relationships generally occur: • Except in carefully controlled laboratory experiments, a change of 1 dB cannot be perceived; • Outside of the laboratory, a 3 dB change in noise levels is considered to be a barely perceivable difference; • A change in noise levels of 5 dB is considered to be a readily perceivable difference; and • A change in noise levels of 10 dB is subjectively heard as doubling of the perceived loudness. These relationships occur in part because of the logarithmic nature of sound and the decibel system. The human ear perceives sound in a non-linear fashion, hence the decibel scale was developed. Because the decibel scale is based on logarithms, two noise sources do not combine in a simple additive fashion, but rather logarithmically. For example, if two identical noise sources produce noise levels of 50 dBA, the combined sound level would be 53 dBA, not 100 dBA. Noise Attenuation Stationary point sources of noise, including stationary mobile sources such as idling vehicles, attenuate (lessen) at a rate between 6 dBA for hard sites and 7.5 dBA for soft sites for each doubling of distance from the reference measurement. Hard sites are those with a reflective surface between the source and the receiver, such as asphalt or concrete surfaces or smooth bodies of water. No excess ground attenuation is assumed for hard sites and the changes in noise levels with distance (drop-off rate) is simply the geometric spreading of the noise from the source. Soft sites have an absorptive ground surface such as soft dirt, grass, or scattered bushes and trees. In Altair Specific Plan 3.10-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration addition to geometric spreading, an excess ground attenuation value of 1.5 dBA (per doubling distance) is normally assumed for soft sites. Line sources (such as traffic noise from vehicles) attenuate at a rate between 3 dBA for hard sites and 4.5 dBA for soft sites for each doubling of distance from the reference measurement (Caltrans, 1998). Fundamentals of Vibration As described in the Federal Transit Administration’s (FTA) Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA, 2006), ground-borne vibration can be a serious concern for nearby neighbors of a transit system route or maintenance facility, causing buildings to shake and rumbling sounds to be heard. In contrast to airborne noise, ground-borne vibration is not a common environmental problem. It is unusual for vibration from sources such as buses and trucks to be perceptible, even in locations close to major roads. Some common sources of ground-borne vibration are trains, heavy trucks and buses traveling on rough roads, and construction activities such as blasting, pile- driving, and operation of heavy earth-moving equipment. There are several different methods that are used to quantify vibration. The peak particle velocity (PPV) is defined as the maximum instantaneous peak of the vibration signal. The PPV is most frequently used to describe vibration impacts to buildings. The root mean square (RMS) amplitude is most frequently used to describe the effect of vibration on the human body. The RMS amplitude is defined as the average of the squared amplitude of the signal. Decibel notation (VdB) is commonly used to measure RMS. The relationship of PPV to RMS velocity is expressed in terms of the “crest factor,” defined as the ratio of the PPV amplitude to the RMS amplitude. Peak particle velocity is typically a factor of 1.7 to 6 times greater than RMS vibration velocity (FTA, 2006). The decibel notation acts to compress the range of numbers required to describe vibration. Typically, ground-borne vibration generated by man-made activities attenuates rapidly with distance from the source of the vibration. Sensitive receptors for vibration include structures (especially older masonry structures), people (especially residents, the elderly, and sick), and vibration sensitive equipment. The effects of ground-borne vibration include movement of the building floors, rattling of windows, shaking of items on shelves or hanging on walls, and rumbling sounds. In extreme cases, the vibration can cause damage to buildings. Building damage is not a factor for most projects, with the occasional exception of blasting and pile-driving during construction. Annoyance from vibration often occurs when the vibration levels exceed the threshold of perception by only a small margin. A vibration level that causes annoyance will be well below the damage threshold for normal buildings. The FTA measure of the threshold of architectural damage for conventional sensitive structures is 0.2 in/sec PPV (FTA, 2006). In residential areas, the background vibration velocity level is usually around 50 VdB (approximately 0.0013 in/sec PPV). This level is well below the vibration velocity level threshold of perception for humans, which is approximately 65 VdB. A vibration velocity level of 75 VdB is considered to be the approximate dividing line between barely perceptible and distinctly perceptible levels for many people (FTA, 2006). Altair Specific Plan 3.10-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration 3.10.1 Environmental Setting Existing Ambient Daytime Noise Levels The proposed project involves the development of approximately 270 acres located west of and adjacent to Old Town, within the City of Temecula, California (Figure 2-1). The City limits form the western edge of the project. Altair is designed to be a pedestrian-oriented residential community within walking or cycling distance of Old Town; offering such amenities as active and passive parks, an elementary school, walking, running, and cycling trails, a civic/institutional area, and natural open space. The project would encourage a mix of housing types and combinations of neighborhood-serving commercial and residential. The buildout of the project is anticipated to occur over an approximate 10-year period. Sources of noise in the city of Temecula are typical of those found in other cities and include, but not limited to, traffic, construction work, commercial operations, human activities, emergency vehicles, aircraft overflights, etc. As described in the City’s General Plan Noise Element, noise in the City is the cumulative effect of noise from transportation activities and stationary sources, with motor vehicles being the dominant source of continuous noise. Interstate 15 (I-15), State Route 79 (SR-79), Rancho California Road, Temecula Parkway, Front Street, Diaz Road, Winchester Road, and Pechanga Parkway all carry appreciable volumes of commuter traffic and, as a result, the neighborhoods bordering these roadways are subject to loud noise levels. Properties adjacent to freeways can experience decibels as high as 70 to 75 dBA (City of Temecula, 2005). Stationary noise typically refers to noise from commercial establishments, machinery, air conditioning systems, compressors, residential and recreational uses, and landscape maintenance equipment. Given the location of the project area, the dominant noise sources in the area include vehicle traffic on I-15, Temecula Parkway, Ridge Park Drive, Pujol Street, and Rancho California Road. In order to characterize ambient noise conditions in the project area, short-term noise level measurements were conducted around and adjacent to the project area. Short-term noise level measurements were taken on February 5, 2015, from 12:03 PM to 3:20 PM at various locations in the vicinity of the project area to provide a representative sample of daytime noise conditions at existing offsite land uses. The noise surveys were conducted using a Metrosonics Model db-3080 sound level meter, which was calibrated prior to use to ensure the accuracy of the measurements. The results of the noise survey are shown in Table 3.10-1. The measurement locations are identified in Figure 3.10-2. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 C a m i n o E s t r i b o Vallejo P u j o l Via Santa Rosa R idgePark Via Horca V i a P e r e g r i n o §¨¦15 R a n c h o V i s t a R d OldTown F r o n t S t P a u b a R d R a n c h o C a l i f o r n i a R dJ e f f e r s o n A v e SantiagoRd YnezRd ¬«79 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Altair Specific Plan . 140106Figure 3.10-2Sensitive Noise Receptors SOURCE: ESRI, ESA !Sensitive Noise R eceptors Project Boundary 0 2,000 Feet 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration TABLE 3.10-1 EXISTING NOISE ENVIRONMENTS SURROUNDING THE PROJECT SITE Location Date and Time Period Leq dBA Lmax dBA Noise Sources Short-term Measurements 1. The corner of 6th Street and Pujol Street 02/15/15 12:03 – 12:18 PM 54.3 73.1 Vehicular traffic on Pujol Street; Occasional noise from clucking of chickens. 2. 28639 Pujol St (Temecula Baptist Church) 02/15/15 12:33 – 12:48 PM 60.3 72.9 Vehicular traffic on Pujol Street; People walking by occasionally; Birds chirping. 3. 28845 Pujol Street (The Vineyards at Old Town Apartments) 02/15/15 1:13 – 1:28 PM 64.4 86.3 Vehicular traffic on Pujol Street; Large truck driving by; people talking nearby. 4. End of Pujol Street (Where Pujol dead ends into a dirt road) 02/15/15 1:37 – 11:52 PM 52.4 70.3 Vehicular traffic on Pujol Street (overall relatively quiet). 5. 28980 Old Town Front St (Ramada Inn) 02/15/15 2:30 – 2:45 PM 59.4 77.9 Traffic from 1-15 faint in the background; Cars driving into Ramada Inn occasionally. 6. 29275 Santiago Rd (Hillcrest Academy) 02/15/15 2:05 – 2:20 PM 65.2 80.1 Heavy vehicular traffic from 1-15. 7. Residential housing off Via Horca and Via Santa Rosa 02/15/15 3:05 3:20 PM 60.5 74.0 Primary traffic on Via Santa Rosa; fairly light vehicular traffic on Via Santa Rosa; gardener nearby. SOURCE: ESA, 2015; Calculation data and results are provided in Appendix H. Existing Roadway Noise Levels Existing roadway noise levels were calculated for nine roadway segments located in proximity of the project site. The roadway segments selected for analysis are considered to be those that are expected to be most directly impacted by project-related traffic; which, for the purpose of this analysis, includes the roadways that are nearest to the project site. These roadways, when compared to roadways located further away from the project site, would experience the greatest percentage increase in traffic generated by the project. Calculation of the existing roadway noise levels was accomplished using the Federal Highway Administration Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) and traffic volumes at the study intersections analyzed in the proposed project’s TIA. The Model calculates the average noise level at specific locations based on traffic volumes, average speeds, and site environmental Altair Specific Plan 3.10-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration conditions. The average daily noise levels along these roadway segments are presented in Table 3.10-2. TABLE 3.10-2 EXISTING ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS Roadway Roadway Segment Existing Land Uses located along Roadway Segment dB Ldna Rancho California Road Diaz Road to Old Town Front Street Commercial 67.5 I-15 to Ynez Road Hotels/Commercial 74.0 Vincent Moraga Drive Rancho California Road to Ridge Park Drive Commercial 53.7 Temecula Parkway La Paz Road to Wabash Lane Pechanga Parkway to Margarita Road Residential/Church Residential/Commercial 72.2 68.4 Diaz Road Rancho California Road to Via Montezuma Road Church/Commercial 68.9 Via Montezuma Road to Winchester Road Commercial 71.5 Winchester Road Diaz Road to Jefferson Avenue Commercial 72.6 I-15 to Ynez Road Commercial 73.7 a Values represent noise levels from the centerline of each roadway to the approximate receptor property line. TRAFFIC INFORMATION SOURCE: Fehr and Peers, 2015 TABLE SOURCE: ESA, 2015. Calculation data and results provided in Appendix H. Existing Groundborne Vibration Levels Aside from periodic construction work that may occur throughout the city, other sources of groundborne vibration in the project site vicinity may include heavy-duty vehicular travel (e.g., refuse trucks and delivery trucks) on local roadways. Trucks traveling at a distance of 50 feet typically generate groundborne vibration velocity levels of around 63 VdB (approximately 0.006 in/sec PPV), and these levels could reach 72 VdB (approximately 0.016 in/sec PPV) where trucks pass over bumps in the road (FTA, 2006). Sensitive Receptors Noise sensitive land use are defined as those specific land uses that have associated indoor and/or outdoor human activities that may be subject to stress and/or significant interference from noise produced by community sound sources. For instance, residences, hotels, schools, churches, rest homes, and hospitals are generally more sensitive to noise than commercial and industrial land uses. The project site, which is located at the base of the Santa Rosa Plateau, is currently undeveloped and consists of open space that is mostly vegetated with low-lying sage scrub and chaparral. Existing sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the project area consist primarily of single- and multi-family residential uses located adjacent to the project site boundary to the east. The Altair Specific Plan 3.10-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Temecula Baptist Church, located at 28845 Pujol Street, is also directly adjacent to the project site’s eastern boundary. The Ramada Temecula Old Town hotel is also located east of the southern portion of the project area, fronting Old Town Front Street. The project itself would also introduce numerous sensitive receptors (e.g., residential uses and school) within the project area. 3.10.2 Regulatory Framework Detailed below is a discussion of the relevant regulatory setting and noise regulations, plans, and policies. Federal Noise Standards There are no federal noise standards that directly regulate environmental noise related to the construction or operation of the proposed project. With regard to noise exposure and workers, the U.S. Department of Labor Office of Safety and Health Administration (Fed/OSHA) regulations safeguard the hearing of workers exposed to occupational noise. Federal regulations also establish noise limits for medium and heavy trucks (more than 4.5 tons, gross vehicle weight rating) under 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 205, Subpart B. The federal truck pass-by noise standard is 80 dB at 15 meters from the vehicle pathway centerline. These controls are implemented through regulatory controls on truck manufacturers. FTA Vibration Standards The FTA has adopted vibration standards that are used to evaluate potential building damage impacts related to construction activities. The vibration damage criteria adopted by the FTA are shown in Table 3.10-3. TABLE 3.10-3 CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION DAMAGE CRITERIA Building Category PPV (in/sec) I. Reinforced-concrete, steel or timber (no plaster) 0.5 II. Engineered concrete and masonry (no plaster) 0.3 III. Non-engineered timber and masonry buildings 0.2 IV. Buildings extremely susceptible to vibration damage 0.12 SOURCE: FTA, 2006. In addition, the FTA has also adopted standards associated with human annoyance for groundborne vibration impacts for the following three land-use categories: Vibration Category 1 – High Sensitivity, Vibration Category 2 – Residential, and Vibration Category 3 – Institutional. The FTA defines Category 1 as buildings where vibration would interfere with operations within the building, including vibration-sensitive research and manufacturing facilities, hospitals with vibration-sensitive equipment, and university research operations. Vibration-sensitive equipment includes, but is not limited to, electron microscopes, high-resolution lithographic equipment, and normal optical microscopes. Category 2 refers to all residential land uses and any buildings where people sleep, such as hotels and hospitals. Category 3 refers to institutional land uses such as Altair Specific Plan 3.10-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration schools, churches, other institutions, and quiet offices that do not have vibration-sensitive equipment, but still have the potential for activity interference. Under conditions where there are an infrequent number of events per day, the FTA has established thresholds of 65 VdB for Category 1 buildings, 80 VdB for Category 2 buildings, and 83 VdB for Category 3 buildings.1 Under conditions where there are an occasional number of events per day, the FTA has established thresholds of 65 VdB for Category 1 buildings, 75 VdB for Category 2 buildings, and 78 VdB for Category 3 buildings.2 No thresholds have been adopted or recommended for commercial and office uses. California Department of Health Services Noise Standards The California Department of Health Services (DHS) has established guidelines for evaluating the compatibility of various land uses as a function of community noise exposure. These guidelines for land use and noise exposure compatibility are shown in Table 3.10-4. In addition, Section 65302(f) of the California Government Code requires each county and city in the State to prepare and adopt a comprehensive long-range general plan for its physical development, with Section 65302(g) requiring a noise element to be included in the general plan. The noise element must: (1) identify and appraise noise problems in the community; (2) recognize Office of Noise Control guidelines; and (3) analyze and quantify current and projected noise levels. The State of California also establishes noise limits for vehicles licensed to operate on public roads. For heavy trucks, the state pass-by standard is consistent with the federal limit of 80 dBA. The state pass-by standard for light trucks and passenger cars (less than 4.5 tons, gross vehicle rating) is also 80 dBA at 15 meters from the centerline. These standards are implemented through controls on vehicle manufacturers and by legal sanction of vehicle operators by state and local law enforcement officials. The state has also established noise insulation standards for new multi-family residential units, hotels, and motels that would be subject to relatively high levels of transportation-related noise. These requirements are collectively known as the California Noise Insulation Standards (Title 24, California Code of Regulations). The noise insulation standards set forth an interior standard of 45 dB Ldn in any habitable room. They require an acoustical analysis demonstrating how dwelling units have been designed to meet this interior standard where such units are proposed in areas subject to noise levels greater than 60 dB Ldn. Title 24 standards are typically enforced by local jurisdictions through the building permit application process. 1 “Infrequent events” is defined by the FTA as being fewer than 30 vibration events of the same kind per day. 2 “Occasional events” is defined by the FTA as between 30 and 70 vibration events of the same source per day. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration TABLE 3.10-4 COMMUNITY NOISE EXPOSURE (Ldn OR CNEL) Land Use Normally Acceptablea Conditionally Acceptableb Normally Unacceptablec Clearly Unacceptabled Single-family, Duplex, Mobile Homes 50 - 60 55 - 70 70 - 75 above 75 Multi-Family Homes 50 - 65 60 - 70 70 - 75 above 75 Schools, Libraries, Churches, Hospitals, Nursing Homes 50 - 70 60 - 70 70 - 80 above 80 Transient Lodging – Motels, Hotels 50 - 65 60 - 70 70 - 80 above 75 Auditoriums, Concert Halls, Amphitheaters --- 50 - 70 --- above 70 Sports Arena, Outdoor Spectator Sports --- 50 - 75 --- above 75 Playgrounds, Neighborhood Parks 50 - 70 --- 67 - 75 above 75 Golf Courses, Riding Stables, Water Recreation, Cemeteries 50 - 75 --- 70 - 80 above 80 Office Buildings, Business and Professional Commercial 50 - 70 67 - 77 above 75 --- Industrial, Manufacturing, Utilities, Agriculture 50 - 75 70 - 80 above 75 --- a Normally Acceptable: Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction without any special noise insulation requirements. b Conditionally Acceptable: New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning will normally suffice. c Normally Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. d Clearly Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally not be undertaken. SOURCE: Office of Planning and Research, 2003 State Vibration Standards There are no state vibration standards applicable to the project. Moreover, according to the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans) Transportation- and Construction-Induced Vibration Guidance Manual (2004), there are no official Caltrans standards for vibration. However, this manual provides guidelines for assessing vibration damage potential to various types of buildings, ranging from 0.08-0.12 in/sec PPV for extremely fragile historic buildings, ruins, and ancient monuments to 0.50-2.0 in/sec PPV for modern industrial/commercial buildings. City of Temecula General Plan Noise Element The California Government Code Section 65302(g) requires that a noise element be included in the General Plan of each county and city in the state. The Noise Element of the City of Temecula General Plan is intended to identify sources of noise and provide goals and policies that ensure that noise from various sources does not create an unacceptable noise environment. The City’s noise standards are correlated with land use zoning classifications in order to maintain identified ambient noise levels and to limit, mitigate, or eliminate intrusive noise that exceeds the Altair Specific Plan 3.10-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration ambient noise levels within a specified zone. The noise standards for each land use classification defined in the City are summarized in Table 3.10-5. The standards shown in Table 3.10-5 represent the maximum acceptable exterior noise level, as measured at the property boundary, which is used to determine noise impacts. TABLE 3.10-5 TEMECULA LAND USE/NOISE STANDARDS Property Receiving Noise Maximum Noise Level (Ldn or CNEL, dBA) Type of Use Land Use Designation Interior Exteriora Residential Hillside 45 65 Rural Very Low Low Low Medium Medium 45 65/70b High 45 70b Commercial and Office Neighborhood, Service, etc. -- 70 Community Highway Tourist Service Professional Office 50 70 Light Industrial Industrial Park 55 75 Public/Industrial Schools 50 65 All others 50 70 Open Space Vineyards/Agriculture -- 70 Open Space -- 70/65c a Regarding aircraft-related noise, the maximum acceptable exposure for new residential development is 60 dB CNEL. b Maximum exterior noise level up to 70 dB CNEL are allowed for Multiple-Family Housing. c Where quiet is a basis required for the land use SOURCE: City of Temecula, 2005. The City’s primary goal with regard to community noise is to minimize the exposure of residents to unhealthful or excessive noise levels to the extent possible. To this end, the Noise Element establishes noise/land use compatibility guidelines based on cumulative noise criteria for outdoor noise. These guidelines are based, in part, on the community noise compatibility guidelines established by the DHS for use in assessing the compatibility of various land use types with a range of noise levels. The City’s noise/land use compatibility guidelines are shown in Table 3.10-6. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration TABLE 3.10-6 CITY OF TEMECULA NOISE/LAND USE COMPATIBILITY MATRIX Community Noise Exposure (Ldn or CNEL, dBA) Land Use Normally Acceptablea Conditionally Acceptableb Normally Unacceptablec Clearly Unacceptabled Residentiale 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 75 above 75 Transient Lodging – Motel, Hotel 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80 above 80 Schools, Libraries, Churches, Hospitals, Nursing Homes 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80 above 80 Auditoriums, Concert Halls, Amphitheatersf --- 50 - 70 --- above 70 Sports Arena, Outdoor Spectator Sportsf --- 50 - 75 --- above 75 Playgrounds, Parks 50 - 70 --- 70 - 75 above 75 Golf Course, Riding Stables, Water Recreation, Cemeteries 50 - 70 --- 70 - 80 above 80 Office Buildings, Business Commercial, and Professional 50 - 65 65 - 75 above 75 --- Industrial, Manufacturing, Utilities, Agriculture 50 - 70 70 - 80 above 80 --- Agriculture above 50 a Normally Acceptable: Specified land use is satisfactory based on the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction, without any special noise insulation requirements. b Conditionally Acceptable: New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise requirements is made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning will normally suffice. c Normally Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If it does proceed, a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. d Clearly Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally not be undertaken. e Regarding aircraft-related noise, the maximum acceptable exposure for new residential development is 60 dB CNEL. f No normally acceptable condition is defined for these uses. Noise studies are required prior to approval. SOURCE: City of Temecula, 2005. In accordance with the Noise Element of the City of Temecula General Plan, a noise exposure of up to 60 dBA Ldn or CNEL exposure is considered to be the most desirable target for the exterior of noise-sensitive land uses or at sensitive receptors such as homes, schools, churches, libraries, hospitals, hotels, motels, etc. It is also recognized that such a level may not always be possible in areas of substantial traffic noise intrusion. In addition, all new residential development in the City would be required to comply with Title 24 standards of the State Health and Safety Code. These standards establish maximum interior noise levels for new residential development, requiring that sufficient insulation be provided to reduce interior ambient noise levels to 45 dBA Ldn or CNEL or less. The City of Temecula General Plan Noise Element contains various goals and policies to address citywide noise issues. The following are relevant to the proposed project: Altair Specific Plan 3.10-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Goal 1 Separate significant noise generators from sensitive receptors. Policy 1.1 Discourage noise sensitive land uses in noisy exterior environments unless measures can be implemented to reduce exterior and interior noise to acceptable levels. Alternatively, encourage less sensitive uses in areas adjacent to major noise generators but require sound– appropriate interior working environment. Policy 1.2 Limit the hours of construction activity next to residential areas to reduce noise intrusion in the early morning, late evening, weekends and holidays. Policy 1.3 Use information from the noise contour map in the General Plan in the development review process to prevent location of sensitive land uses near major stationary noise sources. Goal 2 Minimize transfer of noise impacts between adjacent land uses. Policy 2.1 Limit the maximum permitted noise levels crossing property lines and impacting adjacent land uses. Policy 2.2 Establish criteria for placement and operation of stationary outdoor equipment. Policy 2.3 Require that mixed-use structures and areas be designed to prevent transfer of noise and vibration from commercial areas to residential areas. Goal 3 Minimize the impact of noise levels throughout the community through land use planning. Policy 3.1 Enforce and maintain acceptable noise limit standards. Policy 3.2 Work with the County of Riverside and the City of Murrieta to minimize or avoid land use/noise conflicts prior to project approvals. Policy 3.3 Encourage the creative use of site and building design techniques as a means to minimize noise impacts. Policy 3.7 Evaluate potential noise conflicts for individual sites and projects, and require mitigation of all significant noise impacts as a condition of project approval. Goal 4 Minimize impacts from transportation noise sources. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Policy 4.1 Minimize noise conflicts between land uses and the circulation network, and mitigate sound levels where necessary or feasible to ensure the peace and quiet of the community. Policy 4.2 Ensure the effective enforcement of City, State and Federal noise impacts from vehicles, particularly in residential areas. Policy 4.3 Enforce the speed limit on arterials and local roads to reduce noise impacts from vehicles, particularly in residential areas. Policy 4.4 Coordinate with Caltrans to ensure the inclusion of noise mitigation measures in the design of new highways or improvement projects in the Planning Area. Policy 4.5 Participate in the planning and impact assessment activities of the County Airport Land Use Commission and other regional or State agencies relative to any proposed expansion of the airport or change in flight patterns. City of Temecula Municipal Code The following sections of the Temecula Municipal Code are relevant to the project: 9.20.030 Exemptions Sound emanating from the following sources is exempt from the provisions of Chapter 9.20 (Noise) of the City of Temecula municipal code: • Property maintenance, including, but not limited to, the operation of lawnmowers, leaf blowers, etc., provided such maintenance occurs between the hours of 7:00 AM and 8:00 PM. • Motor vehicles, other than off-highway vehicles. This exemption does not include sound emanating from motor vehicle sound systems. • Heating and air conditioning equipment. 9.20.040 General Sound Level Standards No person shall create any sound, or allow the creation of any sound, on any property that causes the exterior sound level on any other occupied property to exceed the sound level standards set forth in Table 3.10-5 and Table 3.10-6 (see above). 9.20.060 Special Sound Sources Standards 3 No person shall engage in or conduct construction activity, when the construction site is within one-quarter mile of an occupied residence, between the hours of 6:30 PM and 7:00 AM, Monday through Friday, and shall only engage in or conduct construction activity between the hours of 7:00 AM and 6:30 PM on Saturday. Further, no construction activity shall be undertaken on 3 The general sound level standards set forth in Section 9.20.040 of the City Municipal Code apply to sound emanating from all sources, including special sound sources. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Sunday and nationally recognized holidays. The City Council may, by formal action, exempt projects from the provisions of this chapter. 9.20.070 Exceptions Exceptions may be requested from the standards set forth in Sections 9.20.040 (general sound standards) and 9.20.060 (special sound sources standards) and may be characterized as construction-related or single event exceptions. An application for a construction-related exception shall be made on a minor exception form. The form shall be submitted in writing at least three working days (seventy-two hours) in advance of the scheduled and permitted activity and shall be accompanied by the appropriate inspection fee(s). The application is subject to approval by the city manager or designated representative. No public hearing is required. City of Temecula Groundborne Vibration Regulation While the City of Temecula has not adopted any numerical thresholds for construction or operational groundborne vibration impacts, Section 17.08.080 of the City Municipal Code states that any existing or proposed use which generates vibrations that can or may be considered a nuisance or hazard on any adjacent property shall be cushioned or isolated to prevent generation of such vibrations. 3.10.3 Impact Assessment Methodology Implementation of the project could result in the introduction of noise levels that may exceed permitted City noise levels. The primary sources of noise associated with the project would be construction activities within the project area and project-related traffic volumes associated with operation of the proposed residential, neighborhood-serving commercial, civic/institutional, recreational, mixed use, and elementary education developments. Secondary sources of noise would include new stationary sources (such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning units) associated with the new residential, commercial, and institutional developments. The increase in noise levels generated by these activities and other sources associated with the project have been quantitatively estimated and compared to the applicable noise standards and thresholds of significance. Aside from noise levels, groundborne vibration would also be generated during the construction of the proposed developments occurring throughout the project area by various construction- related activities and equipment. Thus, the groundborne vibration levels generated by these sources have also been quantitatively estimated and compared to applicable thresholds of significance. Construction Noise Levels Construction noise levels were estimated by data published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for general outdoor construction activities. These noise levels are then analyzed against the construction noise standards established in the City’s Municipal Code Altair Specific Plan 3.10-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration to determine whether an exceedance of allowable noise levels would occur across any adjacent property boundaries. Roadway Noise Levels Roadway noise levels have been calculated for selected study area intersection segments located within and in proximity to the project area based on information provided in the traffic report for the project. The roadway segments selected for analysis are expected to be most directly impacted by project-related traffic, which, for the purpose of this analysis, includes the roadways located within and immediately adjacent to the project area. These roadways, when compared to roadways located further away and beyond the boundaries of the project area, would experience the greatest percentage increase in traffic generated by the project. The noise levels were calculated using the FHWA-RD-77-108 model and traffic volumes from the project traffic analysis. Groundborne Vibration Associated with Project Construction and Operation Groundborne vibration levels resulting from construction activities occurring within the project area were estimated by data published by the FTA in its Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment document. Potential vibration levels resulting from construction of the proposed residential, commercial, civic/institutional, recreational, mixed use, and elementary education developments under the project are identified for offsite locations that are sensitive to vibration based on their distance from construction activities. As the City has not adopted any thresholds for construction or operational groundborne vibration impacts, the potential vibration levels at offsite sensitive locations resulting from implementation of the project are analyzed against the vibration thresholds established by the FTA to determine whether an exceedance of allowable vibration levels would occur. Thresholds of Significance Based on the CEQA Guidelines, a project would have a significant effect on the environment with respect to noise and/or ground-borne vibration if it would result in: • Exposure of persons to, or generation of, noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies; • Exposure of persons to, or generation of, excessive ground-borne vibration or ground- borne noise levels; • A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project; • A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project; • Exposure of people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels (for a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport); or • Exposure of people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels (for a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip). Altair Specific Plan 3.10-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. Noise Criteria For the purpose of determining whether the project would result in the exposure of persons to or generate noise levels that would exceed established noise standards, construction and stationary operational noise levels associated with the project would result in a significant impact if the City’s construction noise regulations are violated and the City’s operational noise standards (see Table 3.10-5) are exceeded. The CEQA Guidelines does not define the levels at which permanent and temporary increases in ambient noise are considered “substantial.” Therefore, with regards to traffic noise, the significance of the project’s noise impacts can be determined by comparing estimated project- related noise levels to existing no-project noise levels. With respect to the community noise environment, the average healthy ear can barely perceive a noise level change of 3 dBA. A change from 3 to 5 dBA may be noticed by some individuals who are sensitive to changes in noise. A 5 dBA increase is readily noticeable, while the human ear perceives a 10 dBA increase as a doubling of sound. As such, for the purpose of the project’s traffic noise analysis, traffic noise would be considered significant if the project increases ambient noise levels along roadways in the project vicinity above existing ambient noise levels by greater than 5 dBA and if the resultant noise level falls within either the ”normally unacceptable” or “clearly unacceptable” categories in the General Plan land use/noise compatibility matrix (shown in Table 3.10-6). For example, a 5 dBA increase in traffic noise levels at a residential land use as a result of project operations would be considered potentially significant if the additional traffic noise contribution would cause the noise levels to fall within the “normally unacceptable” or “clearly unacceptable” noise level categories (i.e., 70 dBA Ldn or greater). If the additional traffic noise contribution from the project would not cause the noise levels at a residential land use to exceed 70 dBA Ldn, then a 5 dBA Ldn increase in noise levels would not cause a significant impact. Vibration Criteria The CEQA Guidelines also do not define the levels at which groundborne vibration or groundborne noises are considered “excessive.” Thus, in terms of construction-related vibration impacts on buildings, the adopted guidelines/recommendations by the FTA to limit groundborne vibration based on the age and/or condition of the structures that are located in proximity to construction activity are used in this analysis to evaluate potential groundborne vibration impacts. Based on the FTA criteria, construction impacts relative to groundborne vibration would be considered significant if any of the following were to occur: • Project construction activities would cause a PPV groundborne vibration level to exceed 0.5 in/sec at a reinforced concrete, steel, or timber building; • Project construction activities would cause a PPV groundborne vibration level to exceed 0.3 in/sec at any engineered concrete and masonry building; • Project construction activities would cause a PPV groundborne vibration level to exceed 0.2 in/sec at any non-engineered timber and masonry buildings; or Altair Specific Plan 3.10-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration • Project construction activities would cause a PPV ground-borne vibration level to exceed 0.12 in/sec at any buildings “extremely susceptible to vibration damage” (i.e., a historical building). In terms of groundborne vibration impacts associated with human annoyance, this analysis uses the FTA’s vibration impact thresholds for sensitive buildings, residences, and institutional land uses under conditions where there are an infrequent number of events per day. These thresholds are 65 VdB at buildings where vibration would interfere with interior operations, 80 VdB at residences and buildings where people normally sleep, and 83 VdB at other institutional buildings (FTA, 2006). The 65 VdB threshold applies to typical land uses where vibration would interfere with interior operations, including vibration-sensitive research and manufacturing facilities, hospitals with vibration-sensitive equipment, and university research operations. Vibration- sensitive equipment include, but are not limited to, electron microscopes, high-resolution lithographic equipment, and normal optical microscopes. The 80 VdB threshold applies to all residential land uses and any buildings where people sleep, such as hotels and hospitals. The 83 VdB threshold applies to institutional land uses such as schools, churches, other institutions, and quiet offices that do not have vibration-sensitive equipment, but still have the potential for activity interference. Given that the proposed land uses within the project area would consist of residential, civic/institutional, commercial, mixed use, and elementary education developments, any “excessive” groundborne vibration or noises that would occur at the project area would be those generated during construction of these uses. It is not anticipated that operation of the proposed land uses within the project area would result in the use of any heavy machinery or generate heavy-duty truck trips that are often associated with large industrial uses. As such, no sources of “excessive” groundborne vibration or noise levels are anticipated during project operations. Impacts Impacts in the following issue area were found to not be significant in the Initial Study prepared for the project (Appendix A), and will not be discussed further in this Draft EIR: Exposure of people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels associated with a public use airport or private airstrip. The project area is not located within any airport land use plan nor is it located near any private airstrips. The nearest airport with an associated Comprehensive Land Use Plan is the French Valley Airport, which is located approximately six miles north of the project area. Given this distance, no impacts are anticipated as a result of the project and no further analysis is warranted in this EIR. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Construction Noise The project would be developed on an approximately 270 acres of land that currently consists of what is now open space with limited rough grading from past activity. The project would be developed in three phases over an approximate 10-year time frame, with the phased construction of streets, utilities and other infrastructure, as needed, for each phase.4 It is anticipated that development would start at the north end of the project and proceed southerly. The proposed construction phasing plan for the project is shown in Figure 2-6. Each phase of construction would involve site clearing, grading and excavation, site contouring, installation of improvements and structural development, and site clean-up. Construction of each phase is estimated to take approximately three years to complete. Initial construction is anticipated to begin within 12 months of project approval by the City of Temecula. While the project’s overall construction phasing is known, the specific timing and sequencing of individual development projects within the project area during each of the three construction phases have not been determined at this time. Nonetheless, it is expected that construction activities associated with each of the project’s three construction phases would occur intermittently in their respective areas throughout the course of their designated three-year construction period. Construction noise impacts associated with each new individual development would be short-term in nature and limited only to the period of time when construction activity is taking place for that particular development. Construction activity noise levels at and near construction areas of individual development projects within the project area would fluctuate depending on the particular type, number, and duration of uses of various pieces of construction equipment. Generally, each new residential, commercial, mixed -use, institutional, or other project-related development would require the use of heavy construction equipment for activities such as site demolition, grading and excavation, installation of utilities, paving, and building fabrication. Development activities would also involve the use of smaller power tools, generators, and other sources of noise. During each stage of construction for each individual development, there would be a different mix of equipment operating and noise levels would vary based on the amount of equipment in operation and the location of the activity. The USEPA has compiled data for outdoor noise levels for typical construction activities. These data are presented in Table 3.10-7. The noise levels shown in Table 3.10-7 represent composite noise levels associated with typical construction activities, which take into account both the number of pieces and spacing of heavy construction equipment that are typically used during each phase of construction. These noise levels would diminish rapidly with distance from the construction site at a rate of approximately 6 dBA per doubling of distance. For example, a noise level of 84 dBA Leq measured at 50 feet from the noise source to the receptor would reduce to 78 dBA Leq at 100 feet from the source to the receptor, and reduce by another 6 dBA Leq to 72 dBA Leq at 200 feet from the 4 It should be noted that the construction schedule for the project could potentially change to more than three phases to better accommodate development. However, this change in phasing would only involve sub-dividing the areas of development in a different manner than originally planned and would not alter the proposed duration of development (10 years), intensity of construction activities, or the overall amount of development in the project area. Thus, should the project eventually be developed over more than three phases, the construction-related noise impacts analyzed in this section would not change. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-21 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration source to the receptor. Table 3.10-8 shows typical noise levels produced by various types of construction equipment. TABLE 3.10-7 TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION NOISE LEVELS Construction Phase Noise Level (dBA, Leq)a Ground Clearing Excavation Foundations Erection Finishing 84 89 78 85 89 a Average noise levels correspond to a distance of 50 feet from the noisiest piece of equipment associated with a given phase of construction and 200 feet from the rest of the equipment associated with that phase. SOURCE: USEPA, 1971. The construction activities for each new development that would occur under the project would expose their respective nearby existing uses to increased noise levels. As discussed previously, existing sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the proposed project area consist primarily of single- and multi-family residential uses located adjacent to the project site boundary to the east. The Temecula Baptist Church, located at 28845 Pujol Street, is also directly adjacent to the project site’s eastern boundary, while the existing Ramada Temecula Old Town hotel is also located east of the southern portion of the project area, fronting Old Town Front Street. Additionally, the proposed project itself would also introduce numerous sensitive receptors (e.g., residential uses and school) within the project area. Consequently, as new developments occur gradually over time within the project area, these new developments could be constructed immediately adjacent to other recently constructed land uses (i.e., residential, school, and park uses) within the project area as well as existing offsite land uses located immediately adjacent to the 270-acre project area. Thus, depending on when and where a new development would occur, land uses that may have already been constructed within the project area as well as existing land uses that are located offsite and immediately adjacent to the project area boundaries could be exposed to increased noise levels during project construction activities. During the construction of new developments under the project, some of these nearby onsite and offsite land uses could be located less than 50 feet from a construction site.5 Consequently, construction activities occurring immediately adjacent to onsite and offsite receptors would generate noise levels that would be substantially greater than the existing noise levels at these receptor locations. 5 The offsite land uses that could be located less than 50 feet from construction activities associated with the proposed project would be those located along and immediately adjacent to the project area’s eastern boundary, which currently includes residential, commercial, light industrial, school, and hotel uses. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-22 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration TABLE 3.10-8 TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS FROM CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Construction Equipment Noise Level (dBA, Leq at 50 feet ) Air Compressor 81 Backhoe 80 Compactor 82 Concrete Mixer 85 Concrete Pump 82 Crane (Mobile) 83 Dozer 85 Grader 85 Jack Hammer 88 Loader 85 Paver 89 Pile –Driver (Impact) 101 Pile-Driver (Sonic) 96 Scraper 89 Truck 88 SOURCE: FTA, 2006. Based on the noise levels for general outdoor construction activities shown in Table 3.10-7, noise levels at adjacent land uses that are located within 50 feet of a proposed residential, commercial, institutional park, mixed-use, or roadway development that is proposed under the project could reach up to 89 dBA Leq or above. Under a conservative assumption that this noise level would occur continuously for an entire hour during a construction day, the estimated Ldn noise level at an adjacent receptor could reach up to 84 dBA or above over the course of an eight-hour construction day. It should be noted that the estimated hourly 89 dBA Leq noise level is a conservative assumption as construction equipment would rarely operate continuously for a full hour at a construction site. Typically, the operating cycle for construction equipment would involve one or two minutes of full power operation followed by three or four minutes at lower power settings. Additionally, construction equipment engines would likely be intermittently turned on and off over the course of an hour. Nonetheless, for the purposes of conducting a conservative analysis that captures a worst-case scenario, an hourly construction noise level of 89 dBA Leq for up to eight hours is used for the construction noise analysis of the project. According to Section 9.20.040 of the City’s Municipal Code, schools should not be exposed to an exterior noise level that exceeds a maximum of 65 dBA Ldn/CNEL; multi-family residential, commercial, office, transient lodging, and institutional (e.g., church) land uses should not be exposed to an exterior noise level that exceeds a maximum of 70 dBA Ldn/CNEL; and light industrial uses should not be exposed to an exterior noise level that exceeds a maximum of 75 dBA Ldn/CNEL (refer to Table 3.10-5) generated by a noise source, including construction activities. Given that construction noise levels generated by future developments associated with Altair Specific Plan 3.10-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration the project could reach as high as 89 dBA Ldn at 50 feet from a construction site, it is likely that the City’s exterior noise levels for different land use types could be exceeded. Table 3.10-9 shows the distances at which construction noise levels associated with future developments in the project area could exceed the City’s exterior noise levels for different land uses. TABLE 3.10-9 EXCEEDANCE OF CITY CONSTRUCTION NOISE STANDARDS BASED ON DISTANCE Land Use Types Allowable Exterior Noise Level (dBA, Ldn/CNEL)a Estimated Distance at Which Applicable Noise Standard Exceededb Schools 65 450 Multi-family Residential, Commercial, Office, Transient Lodging, and Institutional (e.g., church) 70 250 Light Industrial 75 145 a The allowable exterior noise level are based on the sound level standards set forth in Table 3.10-5 and Table 3.10-6, in accordance with Section 9.20.040 of the City’s Municipal Code. b The estimated distance is based on an estimated construction noise level of 84 dBA L at a distance of 50 feet from the noise source. Given that the existing land uses located offsite and immediately adjacent to the eastern boundary of the project area consists of residential (i.e., single- and multi-family), school-related, church, commercial, and light industrial uses that are located within the distances shown in Table 3.10-9 for the different land uses, the construction noise levels generated by future development projects associated with the project could potentially exceed the maximum allowable exterior noise levels for these uses. Furthermore, as part of the project, residential, school, and park uses would also be introduced into the project area. As such, it would be likely that some of the future developments associated with the project over the buildout period would be constructed adjacent to or in the vicinity of these land uses. Depending on the distance of the future development sites to nearby land uses that have already been developed over time within the project area, which may be within the distances identified in Table 3.10-9, the construction noise levels generated could also potentially exceed the maximum allowable exterior noise levels for these onsite uses. Thus, given the likelihood that some of the future development projects occurring under the project would be located within 50 feet from an existing use, the applicable City exterior noise standards shown in Table 3.10-5 for different land uses would be exceeded. Per the Municipal Code, construction activities associated with the project would not be allowed to occur between the hours of 6:30 PM and 7:00 AM Monday through Friday, and would only be allowed between 7:00 AM and 6:30 PM on Saturday. Further, no construction activity is allowed to occur on Sundays and nationally recognized holidays (Section 9.20.060 of the City’s Municipal Code). In addition, Section 9.20.070 (Exceptions) of the City Municipal Code allows for construction-related exceptions from the noise standards set forth in Section 9.20.040 of the Code to be requested from the City Manager. The request for construction-related exceptions must be submitted in writing at least three working days in advance of the scheduled and permitted construction activity, and be accompanied with the appropriate inspection fee(s). As such, implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-1a would require that an applicant provide Altair Specific Plan 3.10-24 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration evidence to the City that an individual development project would not exceed the City’s noise standard; however, where it is determined that City noise standards for construction activities would be exceeded, an exception may be filed with the City. Although this exception would allow for the City’s noise standards to be exceeded from a regulatory perspective, the construction noise levels generated by a new development proposed in the project area would be considered a significant environmental impact because the resultant noise levels could potentially result in a substantial temporary increase in noise levels at an adjacent onsite and/or offsite receptor(s). As shown in Table 3.10-1, the existing daytime noise levels measured at locations surrounding the project site range from approximately 52 dBA to 65 dBA Leq. As construction noise levels associated with new developments in the project area could reach as high as 89 dBA Leq at a distance of 50 feet from a construction site, an increase in noise levels of 20 to 30 dBA could potentially occur at a neighboring receptor to a construction site. Such an increase in the ambient noise levels at a neighboring receptor would be considered to be substantial, since, for the purpose of providing perspective, a change in noise levels of 10 dBA is subjectively heard as doubling of the perceived loudness. Consequently, Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-1b, which would require the implementation of noise reduction devices and techniques during construction activities for the new developments occurring under the project, would be implemented to reduce the construction-related noise levels at nearby receptors to the maximum extent feasible. Nonetheless, under circumstances where future construction sites within the project area are located immediately adjacent to other land uses, the noise impacts related to a substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels above levels existing without the proposed project would remain significant as the noise reduction devices and techniques prescribed under Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-1b would not be able to fully attenuate construction noise levels. Although Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-1b would reduce the project’s construction noise levels to the maximum extent feasible, it is anticipated that the nearest existing land uses to each of the proposed developments in the project area would continue to experience a substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels during construction activities. Therefore, the project’s construction noise would be a temporary significant and unavoidable impact on the nearby existing land uses. Impact NOI-1: Construction activities occurring at each individual development site in the project area would potentially expose their respective adjacent or nearby receptor(s) to substantial increases in ambient noise levels. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-1a: Prior to the issuance any grading or building permits for a phase or sub phase (project-specific future development within a construction phase), the applicant shall provide evidence to the City that the development will not exceed the City’s exterior noise standards for construction (see Table 3.10-5). If it is determined that City noise standards for construction activities would be exceeded, the applicant shall submit a construction- related exception request to the City Manager at least one week in advance of the project’s Altair Specific Plan 3.10-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration scheduled construction activities, along with the appropriate inspection fee(s), to ensure that the project’s construction noise levels would be granted an exception from the noise standards set forth in Section 9.20.040 of the City of Temecula Municipal Code. Factors the City shall consider when granting a noise exception include, but are not limited to, the consideration of the level of noise, duration of noise, constancy or intermittency of noise, time of day or night, place, proximity to sensitive receptors, nature and circumstances of the emission or transmission of any such loud noise. If a construction-related exception request is not approved by the City, design measures shall be taken to reduce the construction noise levels to the maximum extent feasible to achieve compliance with the City’s construction noise standards. These measures may include, but are not limited to, the erection of noise barriers/curtains, use of advanced or state-of-the-art mufflers on construction equipment, and/or reduction in the amount of equipment that would operate concurrently at the development site. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-1b: The applicant shall comply with the following noise reduction measures during construction: • Ensure that noise and groundborne vibration construction activities whose specific location on a construction site may be flexible (e.g., operation of compressors and generators, cement mixing, general truck idling) shall be conducted as far as possible from the nearest noise- and vibration-sensitive land uses. • Ensure that the use of construction equipment or construction methods with the greatest peak noise generation potential will be minimized. Examples include the use of drills and jackhammers. When impact tools (e.g., jack hammers, pavement breakers, and caisson drills) are necessary, they shall be hydraulically or electrically powered wherever possible to avoid noise associated with compressed air exhaust from pneumatically powered tools. Where use of pneumatic tools is unavoidable, an exhaust muffler on the compressed air exhaust shall be used; this muffler can lower noise levels from the exhaust by up to about 10 dBA. External jackets on the tools themselves shall be used where feasible; this could achieve a reduction of 5 dBA. Quieter procedures, such as use of drills rather than impact tools, shall be used whenever feasible, as determined by the City of Temecula’s Building Official based on the circumstances such as exposure to sensitive receptors, type and number of equipment used, and duration of noise. • Locate stationary construction noise sources away from adjacent receptors and muffled and enclosed within temporary sheds, incorporate insulation barriers, or other measures to the extent feasible, as determined by the City’s Building Official based on the circumstances such as exposure to sensitive receptors, type and number of equipment used, and duration of noise. • Construction truck traffic shall be restricted to routes approved by the City of Temecula, and shall avoid residential areas and other sensitive receptors, to the extent feasible. • Designate a construction relations officer to serve as a liaison with surrounding residents and property owners who is responsible for responding to address any concerns regarding construction noise and vibration. The liaison’s telephone number(s) shall be prominently displayed at construction locations. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-26 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration • Hold a preconstruction meeting with the City’s job inspectors and the general contractor or onsite project manager to confirm that noise and vibration mitigation and practices (including construction hours, sound buffers, neighborhood notification, posted signs, etc.) are implemented. Significance after Mitigation: Significant and unavoidable Exposure to Ground-Borne Vibration – Construction Construction activities for individual development projects that would occur within the project area would include demolition and grading activities, which would have the potential to generate low levels of groundborne vibration. Persons residing and working in close proximity to a construction site could be exposed to the generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels related to construction activities. The results from vibration can range from no perceptible effects at the lowest vibration levels, to low rumbling sounds and perceptible vibrations at moderate levels, to slight structural damage at the highest levels. Site ground vibrations from construction activities very rarely reach the levels that can damage structures, but they can be perceived in the audible range and be felt in buildings very close to a construction site. The various PPV and RMS velocity (in VdB) levels for the types of construction equipment that would operate during the construction of an individual development project within the project area are identified in Table 3.10-10. Based on the information presented in Table 3.10-10, vibration velocities could reach as high as approximately 0.089 inch-per-second PPV at 25 feet from the source activity, depending on the type of construction equipment in use. This corresponds to a RMS velocity level (in VdB) of 87 VdB at 25 feet from the source activity. TABLE 3.10-10 VIBRATION SOURCE LEVELS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Equipment Approximate PPV (in/sec) Approximate RMS (VdB) 25 Feet 50 Feet 60 Feet 75 Feet 100 Feet 25 Feet 50 Feet 60 Feet 75 Feet 100 Feet Large Bulldozer 0.089 0.031 0.024 0.017 0.011 87 78 76 73 69 Caisson Drilling 0.089 0.031 0.024 0.017 0.011 87 78 76 73 69 Loaded Trucks 0.076 0.027 0.020 0.015 0.010 86 77 75 72 68 Jackhammer 0.035 0.012 0.009 0.007 0.004 79 70 68 65 61 Small Bulldozer 0.003 0.001 0.0008 0.0006 0.0004 58 49 47 44 40 SOURCE: FTA, 2006 Altair Specific Plan 3.10-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Over the course of the 10-year buildout period for the project, construction activities associated with each new development in the project area could occur adjacent to or in the vicinity of sensitive receptors that are located either onsite or offsite.6 During the construction of a new development, existing adjacent uses could be located less than 50 feet from the construction site. This scenario would occur especially during the development of new residential uses within the project area, as the project would allow for zero lot line residential development. Consequently, receptors that are located immediately adjacent to a construction site could be exposed to excessive groundborne vibration levels. Based on the vibration source levels shown in Table 3.10-10, adjacent receptors that are located less than 50 feet from a construction site could be exposed to peak vibration levels of above 0.031 PPV and 78 VdB during construction . Scenarios where a construction site associated with the project is located within 25 feet from an existing adjacent land use, the peak vibration levels experienced by these adjacent land uses can be above 0.089 PPV and 87 VdB during construction activities. As future project-specific developments would be spread over the designated neighborhood villages within the project area and construction events are short-term in nature, it is anticipated that there would be an infrequent amount of vibration events per day at sensitive land use receptors resulting from the construction of individual development projects. However, depending on how close an actual receptor location is to a construction site, and the type of building the receptor is (e.g., non-engineered timber and masonry building, historical building, etc.), the vibration levels at a receptor location could exceed the FTA’s vibration thresholds for building damage and human annoyance (refer to the “Thresholds of Significance” section of this EIR for the applicable FTA vibration thresholds). As such, vibration impacts during construction associated with the project could be potentially significant. Implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-2a and MM-NOI-2b would reduce these impacts. However, because the project allows for attached and small-lot residential development, future residential developments may not be able to meet the distance criteria recommended in MM-NOI-2a and MM-NOI-2. Impact NOI-2: Construction activities in the project area may expose their respective onsite and/or offsite sensitive land uses to vibration levels that exceed applicable FTA vibration thresholds for building damage and human annoyance. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-2a: The operation of construction equipment that generates high levels of vibration, such as large bulldozers, loaded trucks, and caisson drills, shall be prohibited within 45 feet of residential structures and 35 feet of institutional structures during construction activities to the extent feasible. Small, rubber-tired construction equipment shall be used within this area during demolition and/or grading operations to reduce vibration effects, where feasible. 6 Onsite uses that would be affected by construction-related vibration levels include vibration-sensitive land uses (residential and institutional) that have been gradually constructed over time within the project site, while offsite uses that would be affected by the project’s construction-related vibration levels would include those uses located along and directly adjacent to the project site’s eastern boundary. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-28 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-2b: The operation of jackhammers shall be prohibited within 25 feet of existing residential structures and 20 feet of institutional structures during construction activities, to the extent feasible. Significance after Mitigation: Significant and unavoidable Implementation of MM-NOI-2a and MM-NOI-2b would reduce the possibility of exposing sensitive land uses to excessive vibration levels; however, impacts may not be reduced to a less- than-significant level. The type of residential development allowed (e.g., compact single-family residential, high-density multifamily) may make it difficult to achieve the desired distance between these existing land uses and active construction. As such, this impact would remain significant and unavoidable. Exposure to Ground-Borne Vibration – Operations The proposed project is primarily a residential mixed-use development with supporting civic uses and open space. The proposed types of land uses (i.e., residential, commercial, institutional, primary education, community recreation, open space/parks, roadways and mixed-use developments) to be developed in the project area would not involve activities or operation of stationary or mobile equipment that would result in high vibration levels, which are more typical for large industrial projects that employ heavy machinery. Additionally, while groundborne vibration within and surrounding the project area may currently result from heavy-duty vehicular travel (e.g., refuse trucks, delivery trucks, and transit buses) on the nearby local roadways, the proposed land uses under the project would not result in the increased use of these existing heavy- duty vehicles on the local roadways. As such, vibration impacts associated with operation of the future residential, commercial, institutional, primary education, community recreation, open space/parks, roadways and mixed-use developments under the project would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Operation Noise Violation of City Exterior Noise Standards With respect to operational noise levels, the City has established exterior noise standards that are correlated with land use zoning classifications, which are shown in Table 3.10-5. The standards represent the maximum acceptable exterior noise level, as measured at the property boundary, which is used to determine noise impacts. Under the project, new land uses that would occur in the project area include residential, commercial, institutional, primary education, community recreation, open space/parks, roadways and mixed-use developments. The nearest offsite land uses that would be exposed to operational noise levels generated by the project’s new land uses would be those that are currently located along and immediately adjacent to the project site’s eastern boundary. However, because open space areas are proposed to be located between the adjacent offsite land uses to the east and the new neighborhood villages within the project site, it is not anticipated that operational noise levels generated by the new onsite land uses would result in violations of the City’s exterior noise Altair Specific Plan 3.10-29 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration standards at the existing offsite land uses. However, as development of new land uses would gradually occur within the project area over the 10-year buildout period, the operational noise levels that would be introduced by a new development could potentially exceed the City’s exterior noise standards at an adjacent land use that has already been development within the project area. The determination of operational noise impacts associated with any violation of the City’s exterior noise standards at the future properties within the project area would be too speculative at this point in the planning process, as the specific location of individual projects and their distances from each other is currently unknown. However, for the purpose of conducting a conservative analysis in this EIR, it is anticipated that there would be scenarios in the future where the operation of a future individual development project within the project area would result in the violation of the City’s exterior noise standards at an adjacent or nearby land use. These impacts are considered to be potentially significant. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-3 would require applicants of future developments in the project area to demonstrate compliance with the City’s permissible exterior noise standards prior to the issuance of a building permit by the City. Where the City’s exterior noise standards would be exceeded for a new development, adequate design measures would need to be incorporated into the new development (e.g., noise walls, landscaping, setbacks) such that the noise standards can be achieved. Implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-3 would result in operational noise impacts that are less-than- significant. Impact NOI-3: New developments within the project area may introduce noise levels that could exceed the City’s exterior noise standards at adjacent properties to and/or near the new development sites. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-3: Prior to the issuance of a building permit for future developments in the project, the applicant shall provide evidence to the City that operational noise levels generated by the proposed development would not exceed the City’s permissible exterior noise standards that are applicable to adjacent properties. If City noise standards at the adjacent properties would be exceeded, design measures shall be taken to ensure that operational noise levels associated with the proposed development would be reduced to levels that comply with the permissible City noise standards. These measures may include, but are not limited to, the erection of noise walls, use of landscaping, and/or the design of adequate setback distances for the new developments. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Equipment Noise Aside from compliance with the City’s established noise standards, a potential noise impact can also occur if a new development project would introduce a noise source that would result in a substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project. Typically a permanent increase in ambient noise levels can result from the operation of a stationary noise source that generates constant noise levels. Upon completion and operation of the various new developments that would occur under the project, these stationary Altair Specific Plan 3.10-30 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration noise sources would consist predominantly of mechanical equipment such as heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) units and exhaust fans. Although Section 9.20.030 (Exemptions) of the City Municipal Code exempts sound emanating from heating and air conditioning equipment from the City’s noise standards, the noise levels generated by this equipment could potentially disturb land uses that are located adjacent to a new development. However, as an industry practice, the design of the onsite HVAC units and other noise-generating mechanical equipment associated with the new developments in the project area would typically be installed on the rooftops of residential, commercial, institutional, and mixed-use buildings and located either within an enclosure or behind other intervening structures that would provide a level of noise shielding for nearby noise-sensitive uses. With implementation of these standard design measures, the noise generated from the HVAC units at the new development sites would likely not be perceptible at adjacent or nearby uses. To ensure that the nearby noise-sensitive uses to the project site would not be adversely affected by any HVAC equipment noise, Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4a would be implemented, which prohibits noise from HVAC equipment from exceeding the ambient noise level on the premises of other occupied properties by more than 5 dBA. Specifically, Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4a would require future development projects to locate their HVAC equipment away from receptor areas, install proper acoustical shielding for their HVAC equipment, and incorporate the use of parapets into their building design to ensure that noise levels generated from the HVAC equipment would not be audibly perceptible on the premises of other existing developments. Thus, although noise from HVAC equipment is exempt from the City’s noise standards, implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4a would nonetheless reduce the potential for HVAC-related noise from new developments to be audibly perceptible at existing neighboring developments. In addition, the maximum of 1,750 multi-family dwelling units proposed in the project area are also sensitive receptors that could be affected by the operation of mechanical equipment on adjacent properties. In order to ensure that the future residents in the project area would not be adversely affected by operational noise associated with mechanical equipment from adjacent properties, Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4b would be implemented to ensure that all exterior windows associated with the proposed residential uses would be constructed such that sufficient sound insulation is provided to ensure that interior noise levels would be below a Ldn or CNEL of 45 dBA in any residential unit, which would comply with Title 24 standards of the California Building Code. With implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4b, the interior noise limit of 45 dBA Ldn or CNEL would be achieved at all proposed residential uses and any potential noise impacts on the future residential uses in the project area from mechanical equipment from adjacent properties would be less than significant. Impact NOI-4: New development within the project area could expose nearby sensitive receptors to noise levels exceeding 5 dBA over ambient levels due to operation of HVAC equipment; or to noise levels from the operation of mechanical equipment such that interior noise residential noise levels could exceed 45 dBA Ldn. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Altair Specific Plan 3.10-31 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4a: The applicant of individual development projects within the project area shall minimize noise impacts from mechanical equipment, such as ventilation and air conditioning units, by locating equipment away from receptor areas, installing proper acoustical shielding for the equipment, and incorporating the use of parapets into building design to ensure that noise levels do not exceed the ambient noise level on the premises of existing development by more than five decibels. Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-4b: Prior to City approval of a residential development project within the project area, the applicant shall provide documentation to the City that all exterior windows associated with a proposed residential development will be constructed to provide a sufficient amount of sound insulation to ensure that interior noise levels would be below an Ldn or CNEL of 45 dBA in any habitable room. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Traffic Noise The potential increase in traffic resulting from implementation of the project could increase the ambient noise levels at land uses located within and in proximity of the project area. These concerns were addressed using the FHWA-RD-77-108, which estimates the traffic noise exposure in terms of the Ldn for a particular set of input conditions, based on site-specific traffic volumes, distances, speeds, and/or noise barriers. Based on the TIA prepared for the project, included as Appendix I of this EIR, in combination with an analysis of the surrounding land uses, roadway noise levels were forecasted to determine if the project’s vehicular traffic would result in a significant impact at receptor locations located within and in proximity to the project area. Traffic noise levels within and in proximity to the project area would experience an increase in noise resulting from the net additional traffic generated by the project at buildout. The increases in noise levels at selected roadway segments are identified in Table 3.10-11. As shown in Table 3.10-11, the project would increase local noise levels by a maximum of 9.3 dBA Ldn at the roadway segment of Vincent Moraga Drive from Rancho California Road to Ridge Park Drive. Although this segment would experience an increase in traffic noise levels greater than 5 dBA, impacts would be less than significant because the resultant noise levels along this roadway segment would be less than 75 dBA Ldn, which is the maximum conditionally acceptable noise level for commercial uses according to the land use/noise compatibility matrix in the General Plan Noise Element (refer to Table 3.10-6). As these noise increases would not exceed the identified thresholds of significance, these traffic noise impacts would be less than significant. In addition, as the other roadway segments that are located even further away from the project area than those analyzed in Table 3.10-11 would experience less traffic increases due to the project, the increase in local noise levels at those roadway segments would also not exceed the identified thresholds of significance, and impacts would be less than significant. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-32 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration TABLE 3.10-11 ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS WITH PROJECT Roadway Segment Existing Land Uses Located Along Roadway Segmentb Noise Levels in dBA Ldna Existing Project Traffic Volumes Existing With Project Traffic Volumes Increase Significance Threshold Exceed Threshold? Rancho California Road, between Diaz Road and Old Town Front Street Commercial 67.5 68.5 1.0 5.0 No Rancho California Road, between 1-15 and Ynez Road Hotels/Commercial 74.0 74.1 0.1 5.0 No Vincent Moraga Drive, between Rancho California Road and Ridge Park Drive Commercial 53.7 63.1 9.3 5.0 Yes Western Bypass, between A Street and Pujol Street N/A N/Ac 66.3d N/A N/A N/A Western Bypass, between Pujol Street and Old Town Front Street N/A N/Ac 69.4d N/A N/A N/A Temecula Parkway, between La Paz Road and Wabash Lane Residential/Church 72.2 72.4 0.2 5.0 No Temecula Parkway, between Pechanga Parkway and Margarita Road Residential/ Commercial 68.4 68.7 0.3 5.0 No Diaz Road, between Rancho California Road and Via Montezuma Road Church/ Commercial 68.9 70.2 1.3 5.0 No Diaz Road, between Via Montezuma Road and Winchester Road Commercial 71.5 72.5 1.0 5.0 No Winchester Road, between Diaz Road and Jefferson Avenue Commercial 72.6 72.8 0.2 5.0 No Winchester Road, between I-15 and Ynez Road Commercial 73.7 73.8 0.1 5.0 No N/A = Non-applicable a Values represent noise levels at the approximate property line of the nearest receptors. b Along roadway segments that have multiple land uses, the lower noise level standard amongst the multiple land uses was used to provide a conservative analysis. c No existing roadway noise levels are available as the Western Bypass does not currently exist. d As the Western Bypass does not currently exist, the noise level presented for the “Existing With Project” scenario is at 50 feet from the centerline of this future roadway. SOURCE: ESA, 2015. Calculation data and results are provided in Appendix H. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.10-33 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Noise/Land Use Compatibility Based on the City’s noise/land use compatibility matrix shown in Table 3.10-6, the City allows new residences to be constructed where the average noise environment in outdoor activity areas is up to 70 dBA Ldn, while new commercial and office buildings 7 may be constructed in areas where the average outdoor noise level is up to 75 dBA Ldn. The 70 dBA Ldn and 75 dBA Ldn noise levels for residential uses and commercial/office uses, respectively, are allowed provided that the buildings are constructed using conventional design and that fresh air supply systems or air conditioning are provided to allow windows to be kept closed. From a community noise perspective, the 24-hour average noise levels surrounding the project area are influenced primarily by traffic on local roadways. As presented in Table 3.10-1, which shows the short-term noise level measurement results conducted at locations surrounding and adjacent to the project area along with the observations of noise sources at the measurement locations, traffic noise was the dominant noise source. While noise from heavy traffic on the I-15 was noted during the noise measurement at Receptor 6 (refer to Table 3.10-1), this receptor is located at a further distance from the project boundary than all of the other receptors. Based on observations made during the short-term noise level measurements, traffic noise from the local roadways was the primary noise source at all of the other receptors that were closer to the boundary of the project area. As shown in Table 3.10-2, the existing noise levels on roadway segments located in the vicinity of the project area range from 53.7 dBA Ldn (segment Vincent Moraga Drive from Rancho California to Ridge Park Drive) to 74 dBA Ldn (segment of Rancho California Road from I-15 to Ynez Road). While not every single roadway segment located in the vicinity of the project area could be modeled for traffic noise levels, the sample of selected roadways that have been modeled for the project provides a representative indication of the current traffic noise levels that exist in the vicinity the project area. Within the project area, however, because it currently consists of 270 acres of undeveloped open space, the current noise environment is relatively low when compared to the offsite areas located adjacent to the project site’s eastern boundary that are occupied by existing developments. Based on the existing ambient daytime noise level measurements that were conducted around the perimeter of the project area (refer to Figure 3.10-2), the noise levels measured at Receptor 7, which is located at a single-family residence off Via Horca and Via Santa Rosa, is considered to be most representative of the noise levels within the project area given its remote environmental setting. As noted in Table 3.10-1, the primary noise source observed at Receptor 7 was traffic on Via Santa Rosa and fairly light vehicular traffic on Via Santa Rosa in addition to noise generated by a gardener nearby. Thus, within the project area, the daytime noise levels would be even lower than 60.5 dBA Leq that was measured at Receptor 7 as no roadways are currently located within the project area. Thus, the relatively quiet noise environment within the currently undeveloped project area would be compatible with the new land uses proposed (i.e., residential, commercial, school, etc.) as part of the project. 7 While no stand-alone office use developments are proposed under the project, future live/work units allowed in Villages A-F could include office uses. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-34 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration In addition, development under the project would also entail construction of the Western Bypass, which is a proposed four-lane thoroughfare that would run along the western boundary of the project area, to link Temecula Parkway to Rancho California Road via Vincent Moraga Road. Traffic noise levels generated on the Western Bypass could be audible at the new land uses that are proposed along the western boundary of the project area. To evaluate the future noise environment in the project area from traffic on the proposed Western Bypass, the future traffic noise levels on this thoroughfare was estimated based on future traffic volumes provided in the project’s traffic study. The calculation of future traffic noise levels was done using the FHWA- RD-77-108. The average daily noise levels at 50 feet from the centerline of the Western Bypass along with the distances from the centerline of this thoroughfare to its 60 dBA CNEL, 65 dBA CNEL, and 70 dBA Ldn contours are presented in Table 3.10-12. As shown in Table 3.10-12 below, future traffic noise levels along the segment of the Western Bypass between A Street and Pujol Street would reach 66.5 dBA Ldn at 100 feet from its centerline. As shown, the 75 dBA Ldn noise contour for this segment of the Western Bypass, which runs along the entire western boundary of the project area, would be located within the roadway lanes, while the distance from the 60, 65, and 70 dBA Ldn noise contours would be 442, 140, and 44 feet, respectively. As new commercial and office buildings may be constructed in areas where the average outdoor noise level is up to 75 dBA Ldn, and given that the 75 dBA Ldn noise contour for the Western Bypass would be located within the roadway lanes, all future commercial- and office-related developments that would be developed along the Western Bypass in the project area would meet the noise/land use compatibility guidelines as shown in Table 3.10-6. With respect to residential uses, the City allows new residences to be constructed where the average noise environment in outdoor activity areas is up to 70 dBA Ldn. As shown in Table 3.10-12, the distance from the 70 dBA Ldn noise contour for the Western Bypass would be 44 feet from the centerline. Because the exact locations of future residential developments located along the western boundary of the project area and their specific setback distances from roadways have not been determined at this time, the determination of noise/land use compatibility impacts for each individual residential development project, or a combination of these projects, would be too speculative at this point in the planning process. As such, for the purposes of conducting a conservative analysis, it is anticipated that there would be future residential developments proposed in the project area along the Western Bypass that would not meet the City’s noise/land use compatibility standards. Therefore, this impact would be potentially significant. Implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-5 would require all future residential developments associated with the project to be set back at distances greater than 45 feet from the centerline of the Western Bypass or to implement other measures to ensure that the City’s noise/land use compatibility standard of 70 dBA Ldn for residential uses would be achieved. The location of future residential developments beyond this distance would ensure that these new developments would be exposed to noise levels less of less than 70 dBA Ldn from the Western Bypass, which would meet the City’s noise/land use compatibility guidelines for residential uses. Therefore, with implementation of this mitigation, this impact would be reduced to a less-than- significant level. Altair Specific Plan 3.10-35 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.10 Noise and Vibration Table 3.10-12 FUTURE (2025) WITH PROJECT ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS Roadway Segment Noise Level at 50 feet from Roadway Center Line (dBA Ldn)a Distance (feet) from Roadway Centerline to: 75 Ldn Noise Contour 70 Ldn Noise Contour 65 Ldn Noise Contour 60 Ldn Noise Contour Western Bypass A Street to Pujol Street 66.5 --b 44 140 442 a Noise level value is based on the Western Bypass being a 4 lane road with an average speed limit of 50 miles per hour. b Noise contour is located within the roadway lanes. TRAFFIC INFORMATION SOURCE: Fehr and Peers, 2015 TABLE SOURCE: ESA, 2015. Calculation data and results provided in Appendix H. Impact NOI-5: With addition of the Western Bypass that would run along the western boundary of the project area, new development projects proposed in the project area adjacent to the Western Bypass may not meet the applicable noise/land use compatibility noise standards established by the City. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-NOI-5: All future residential developments located adjacent to the proposed Western Bypass in the project area shall be set back a minimum of 45 feet from the centerline of the Western Bypass. If this minimum setback distance cannot be achieved, other measures shall be taken to ensure compliance with the City’s noise/land use compatibility standard of 70 dBA Ldn, including, but not limited to, greater setback distances, the erection of noise walls or use of landscaping. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.10-36 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.11 Population and Housing This section evaluates the potential population and housing effects of the project. It describes and compares the existing and projected population and housing conditions within the project area. Demographic data presented in this section is primarily based on projection growth estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, California Department of Finance, and Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). 3.11.1 Environmental Setting Population Growth Temecula is located in Riverside County, which includes 24 cities and has a total population of 2,279,967 (California Department of Finance, 2014a). The City of Temecula occupies 30 square miles. Located with access to both Orange and Los Angeles Counties to the west, and San Diego County to the south, the City of Temecula has experienced rapid population growth since its incorporation in 1989. According to the Department of Finance, population has nearly quadrupled, increasing from 27,099 persons in 1990 to 106,289 in 2014. Table 3.11-1 summarizes population changes in Temecula over the past 20 years and provides estimates of future population trends. TABLE 3.11-1 POPULATION ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS Riverside County City of Temecula Year Population Percent Change Population Percent Change 1990 1,193,000 – 27,099 – 2000 1,559,000 30.7 57,716 113.0 2010 2,189,641 40.5 100,158 73.5 2014 2,279,967 4.13 106,289 6.12 2020* 2,592,000 13.7 109,800 3.3 2035* 3,324,000 28.2 118,900 8.3 * Adopted 2012 SCAG population projection (SCAG, 2012). SOURCES: California Department of Finance, 2014a and 2014b; US Census Bureau 2012; 2014a and 2014b. From 2000 to 2010, population growth in Temecula occurred at a faster rate (73.5 percent) than Riverside County (40.5 percent) as a whole. Temecula’s population comprises 4.7 percent of Riverside County’s total population. Temecula’s growth can be attributed to many factors, including an increased supply of affordable housing when compared to higher prices in nearby housing markets such as those in Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego counties, and annexation of adjacent developed areas. Altair Specific Plan 3.11-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.11 Population and Housing SCAG’s population, housing, jobs, and income projections for the six-county southern California region estimate that Temecula will continue to experience growth over the next few decades (SCAG, 2012). The percent change in growth, however, is anticipated to be less than that experienced between 1990 and 2010. SCAG estimates Temecula’s population will increase between 2014 and 2035 by an overall 11.9 percent, reaching 118,900 by 2035. Riverside County’s projected growth rate is expected to be well above Temecula’s growth rate, with an overall 45.8 percent growth from 2,279,967 persons in 2014 to 3,324,000 persons in 2035. The Land Use Element in the City of Temecula’s General Plan includes target levels of residential and non-residential development, where all land within the Temecula Planning Area is developed according to the Land Use Policy Map. The target levels of development establish a capacity for a Land Use Plan that is expressed as estimates of total dwelling units, total population and total square footage of non-residential development in the future. Within the planning area, development capacity is provided for approximately 166,250 persons in 53,700 dwelling units, as identified in Table LU-3 of the City’s General Plan (City of Temecula, 2005). Housing According to the California Department of Finance, the city of Temecula had 34,603 housing units in 2014. A majority of the housing units (approximately 83 percent) were single-family units, reflecting the City’s young, family-oriented population and desire to maintain suburban/rural traditions. Multi-family units made up 16.7 percent of total units, while mobile- homes account for the remaining 0.46 percent. Table 3.11-2 provides a breakdown of housing units in Temecula by type. TABLE 3.11-2 HOUSING UNITS IN TEMECULA BY TYPE: 2014 Unit Type Total Units Number Percent Single-family detached 27,610 79.8 Single-family attached 1,057 3.1 Multi-family (2-4 units) 757 2.2 Multi-family (5+ units) 5,019 14.5 Mobile-Home 160 0.46 Total 34,603 100 SOURCE: California Department of Finance, 2014a. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Temecula has 31,781 occupied households. A majority of households (81.3 percent) were families. The second largest group of households comprise single individuals (13.8 percent). Other households (for example, unrelated persons living together) accounted for the remaining 4.9 percent (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014a). In addition, according to Altair Specific Plan 3.11-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.11 Population and Housing U.S. Census Data, the City of Temecula had an average household size of 2.63 persons per household in 2014. Table 3.11-3 shows historic household trends in Temecula. TABLE 3.11-3 HOUSEHOLD TRENDS IN TEMECULA CITY 1990 2000 2010 2020 (projected) 2035 (projected) Total Households 10,659 18,293 31,781 34,300 37,200 SOURCE: US Census Bureau 2012 and 2014b; SCAG, 2012. Housing tenure refers to whether a housing unit is owned, rented, or vacant. In 2013, 63.5 percent of Temecula households were owner-occupied units while the remaining 36.5 percent were renter-occupied (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). The California Department of Finance lists the vacancy rate for Temecula at 6.5 percent (California Department of Finance, 2014a). Employment According to SCAG’s Profile of the City of Temecula dated May 2013, there were a total of 42,583 jobs in the City of Temecula, which reflects an11.8 percent decrease from 2007. Approximately 18 percent of jobs were in retail, 16.3 percent were in education, 13.6 percent were in professional management, and 13.3 percent were in leisure hospitality (SCAG, 2013). Between 2007 and 2012, there were changes in the share of jobs by sector in the City of Temecula. During this time, the share of education jobs increased from 13 percent to 16.3 percent, while the share of construction jobs declined from 9.1 percent to 5.2 percent. According to SCAG, average salaries for jobs in Temecula increased from $32,936 in 2003 to $37,178 in 2011, showing a 12.9 percent change. The sector providing the highest annual salary per job in the city was professional management at $52,167, whereas the sector with the lowest annual salary job was the leisure hospitality sector at $15,565. As of December 2014, the unemployment rate in the city of Temecula was 4.9 percent (EDD, 2015). 3.11.2 Regulatory Framework Southern California Association of Governments SCAG’s Regional Comprehensive Plan (RCP) serves as a comprehensive planning guide, focusing on growth through the year 2035. The primary goals of the RCP are to improve the standard of living, enhance the quality of life, and promote social and economic equity. Within the RCP, issues related to housing availability and growth are addressed primarily in the Land Use and Housing chapter. This chapter identifies land use and housing challenges of the region, introduces the Compass Blueprint growth vision, and specifies goals and outcomes of that vision (SCAG, 2008). Altair Specific Plan 3.11-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.11 Population and Housing In addition, SCAG’s Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) provides forecasts of population, households, and employment levels for counties, subregions, cities, and census tract within SCAG’s jurisdiction. The primary goal of the 2012–2035 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) is to increase mobility for the region’s residents and includes a “strong commitment to reduce emissions from transportation sources to comply with [Senate Bill (SB)] 375, improve public health, and meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards as set forth by the federal Clean Air Act.” SCAG’s population and household projections for Temecula are presented in Tables 3.11-1 and 3.11-3, above. City of Temecula The Housing Element of the General Plan, adopted in January 2014, covers the planning period of July 1, 2014, through June 30, 2021. The Housing Element has been prepared to assess the community’s housing needs, identify constraints on housing development, and identify resources and strategies on how to meet the housing needs of the City, including for special-needs populations. The goals described in the General Plan that pertain to the proposed project include: Goal 1 Provide a diversity of housing opportunities that satisfy the physical, social, and economic needs of existing and future residents of Temecula. Policy 1.1 Provide an inventory of land at varying densities sufficient to accommodate the existing and projected housing needs in the City. Policy 1.2 Encourage residential development that provides a range of housing types in terms of cost, density, and type, and provides the opportunity for local residents to live and work in the same community by balancing jobs and housing types. Policy 1.3 Require a mixture of diverse housing types and densities in new developments around the village centers to enhance their people- orientation and diversity. Policy 1.4 Support the use of innovative site planning and architectural design in residential development. Policy 1.5 Encourage the use of clustered development to preserve and enhance important environmental resources and open space, consistent with sustainability principles. Policy 1.6 Encourage the development of compatible mixed-use projects that promote and enhance village concept, facilitate the efficient use of public facilities, support alternative transit options, and provide affordable housing alternatives by establishing a program of incentives for mixed-use projects. Altair Specific Plan 3.11-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.11 Population and Housing Goal 5 Provide equal housing opportunity for all residents in Temecula. Policy 5.3 Encourage housing design standards that promote the accessibility of housing for persons with special needs, such as the elderly, persons with disabilities, large families, single-parent households, and the homeless. In accordance with the General Plan, all new development should be evaluated with respect to the potential impacts to the local population and housing that might result from the proposed change. 3.11.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, impacts related to population and housing would be considered significant if the proposed project would: • Induce substantial population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure); • Displace substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere; or • Displace substantial numbers of people, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. Methodology The evaluation of population and housing impacts is based on the development assumptions for the project, as described in Chapter 2.0, Project Description, and a review of available population, employment, and housing data described above. Impacts Impacts in the following issue areas were found not to be significant in the Initial Study prepared for the project (Appendix A), and will not be discussed further in this EIR: Displace substantial numbers of existing housing and people. There are no existing residential units or homes located within the project area; therefore, no displacement of existing housing would occur. In addition, the project would encourage mixed-use and residential projects and would result in additional housing opportunities. Therefore, there are no impacts related to these two threshold criteria. Population Growth and Growth Inducement The proposed project would involve adoption of the Altair Specific Plan that would enable new residential development that has the potential to induce population growth within the city. As Altair Specific Plan 3.11-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.11 Population and Housing shown in Table 2-2 of Chapter 2, Project Description, the proposed project could result in a range of 870 to 1,750 dwelling units. Using an average household size of 2.63 persons per household (see Section 3.11.1, above), the proposed project could generate a new population of between 2,288 and 4,603 people. However, portions of the project site would be developed with multi-family housing, which typically does not have as large a household size as single-family housing; therefore, this range of potential new residents represents a conservative estimate for population generated by the project. As shown in Table 3.11-1, by the year 2035, the population of the city is expected to grow to 118,900 from the existing population of 106,289. This is an increase of 12,600 persons. Based on this number, the development of the proposed residential uses would constitute between 18 and 37 percent of the population growth expected in the City between 2014 and 2035. Thus, the population associated with the proposed residential uses would be within the anticipated population growth for the City and would not exceed the projections on which the City has based plans related to provision of public services, utilities, and other amenities to maintain the current quality of life it provides its residents. The project would also create a minimal amount of employment opportunities, consisting mostly of retail jobs associated with the small amount of neighborhood-serving commercial uses that would be allowed within Altair. There would also be new institutional jobs available associated with the civic and school sites. It is anticipated that the most of the retail and institutional employees would be drawn from the region’s existing employment stock, and it is not expected that new employment opportunities would draw large numbers of new employees from outside of the region. Therefore, the project would not result in a new population of employees that would result in growth inducement beyond that already projected for the city. In general, the project would accommodate predicted growth, and would not result in a substantial increase in population. The project’s residential units would help to meet housing demands from projected population growth in the city and the region. Therefore, the project would result in less-than-significant impacts related to population and housing. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.11-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services This section provides an analysis of the ability of public service providers to accommodate the project, and whether the project would require expanded or new public facilities that could result in new environmental impacts. 3.12.1 Environmental Setting Fire Protection and Emergency Services The City of Temecula contracts with the Riverside County Fire Department (RCFD) for fire protection services through a cooperative agreement with California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) (Obmann, 2015). The RCFD is composed of 15 battalions with 94 stations throughout Riverside County. The RVCFD area is organized into eight divisions. The project area is located in the Temecula Division of the RCFD and is served primarily by stations that are a part of Battalion 15 (Temecula). Battalion 15 is located in and around Temecula with a total of seven fire stations and approximately 95 employees (Obmann, 2015). The equipment used by the RCFD has the versatility to respond to both urban and wildland emergency conditions. Battalion 15’s inventory includes seven staffed fire engines and one staffed aerial ladder truck. Inventory includes a fire fighting helicopter, hazardous materials teams, fire crews, air tankers, and an air tactics airplane. In addition, the Department has access to water tenders, fire crew vehicles, mobile communications centers, breathing support units, lighting units, power supply units, fire dozers, mobile training vans, and mobile emergency feeding units (Obmann, 2015). The closest fire station in Battalion 15 that provides fire protection and paramedic services to the project area is Fire Station No. 12, located at 28330 Mercedes Street, approximately 0.34 miles northeast of the project area. Fire Station No. 12 currently responds to an average of five calls per day (Obmann, 2015). The station has one medic engine, one aerial ladder truck, and an Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) unit. The station has four employees, including one captain, one engineer, one firefighter, and one paramedic. In addition, Fire Station No. 73, located at 27415 Enterprise Circle West in Temecula, is approximately 1.5 miles north of the project area and provides back-up fire protection (Obmann, 2015). Fire Station No. 84, which is the battalion headquarters, is located at 30650 Pauba Road in Temecula and is approximately 1.79 miles east of the project area. This fire station is able to respond to emergencies within the project area if the first two fire stations are unavailable or should the primary responders need additional support. Per RCFD’s Strategic Master Plan, the project area is categorized as an “urban” land use and has a Total Response Time standard of 6.5 minutes (Johnson, 2013). The RCFD’s Battalion 15 has a target goal of responding within five minutes to any call for services. In addition, Battalion 15 has a target of staffing each shift in each station with a minimum of a four-person team within city stations, and a minimum of a three-person team of professional firefighters within county stations. The goal of the RCFD is to achieve a 90 percent response time within the city of Temecula (Obmann, 2015). Currently, fire responders are meeting that goal with a 79.3 percent response time (Obmann, 2015). Table 3.12-1 describes the stations within the project vicinity, including location, available equipment, staffing, response distance, and response time. Altair Specific Plan 3.12-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services TABLE 3.12-1 FIRE STATIONS Station No. Daily Staffing Equipment Response Distance Response Time Fire Station No.12 28330 Mercedes Street Temecula • 1 Captains • 1 Engineers • 1 Paramedic • 1 Firefighters • 1 Medic engine • 1 Reserve engine • 1 Brush engine (seasonal) 0.34 3.9 mins Fire Station No. 73 27415 Enterprise Circle West Temecula • 2 Captains • 2 Engineers • 2 Firefighters • 2 Paramedic • 1 Medic engine • 1 Aerial truck • 1 USAR unit 1.5 3.7 mins Fire Station No. 84 30650 Pauba Road Temecula • 1 Captains • 1 Engineers • 1 Paramedic • 1 Firefighters • 1 Medic engine • 1 Reserve engine • 1 Medic squad 1.79 4.6 mins SOURCE: Obmann, 2015. As identified in Section 3.7, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, the project is located near a wildfire hazard area. According to the City of Temecula General Plan and GIS Map Data, a portion of the project area is adjacent to a High Fire Hazard Area (Riverside County, 2015). The High Fire Hazard Area is located approximately a quarter of a mile southwest of the project area. Classification of a zone as moderate, high, or very high fire hazard is based on a combination of how a fire will behave and the probability of flames and embers threatening buildings. Each area of the map gets a score for flame length, embers, and the likelihood of the area burning. Scores are then averaged over the zone areas. Final zone class (moderate, high and very high) is based on the average scores for the zone. Police Protection Law enforcement in the City of Temecula is provided by the Temecula Police Department. The Temecula Police Department contracts with the Riverside County Sheriff Department (RCSD), which provides necessary staff and equipment. Services provided by the RCSD include: first responder service, police services, search and rescue services, mutual aid coordination services,1 enforcement of criminal law on Tribal Lands, jail system services, court services, Coroner-Public Administrator services, and Joint Task Force services (Edwards, 2015). The average response times for the RCSD in 2014 were 3.9 minutes for priority 1 calls and 8.6 minutes for priority 1 through 4 calls combined. The police beat that includes the project area is west of the Interstate 15 between Rancho California Road and Temecula Parkway. This area is patrolled by car and occasional foot patrols. All emergency calls are routed through the RCSD Dispatch Center and the average monthly calls for service vary, with the top three being alarms, disturbing the peace, and miscellaneous non-criminal calls. 1 The RCSD maintains a mutual aid agreement with the San Diego Sheriff’s Department to provide police services in the event that the RCSD is unable to respond to a service call. Altair Specific Plan 3.12-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services The primary RCSD station that serves the project area is the RCSD Southwest Station located at 30755-A Auld Road in Murrieta, approximately 6.4 miles northeast of the project area. In addition, the RCSD has two satellite storefront offices, a traffic team, an investigations bureau, and special teams to deal with drugs and gang-related issues. The City of Temecula’s Police Department, a subset of the RCSD, operates the two satellite storefront stations within the City of Temecula. These stations provide convenient police services for residents since the primary station is located in Murrieta (Edwards, 2015). The Old Town storefront station is located at 28690 Mercedes Street and the Promenade Mall storefront station is located at 40820 Winchester Road, Suite 2020. The storefront stations are 0.35 mile and 2.2 miles, respectively, from the project area. According to the City of Temecula General Plan, the personnel to population ratio for the City is 1 officer per every 1,000 people. Currently, the RCSD employs officers at the rate of approximately 0 .94 officers per 1,000 residents (Edwards, 2015). Schools The project area is within the Temecula Valley Unified School District (TVUSD), which encompasses approximately 213 square miles, operates 33 schools, and serves approximately 28,468 students (TVUSD, 2015a). The boundaries of the school district are north to French Valley, south to the Riverside County line, east to Vail Lake, and west to Temecula’s city limits. Currently, TVUSD operates 17 elementary schools, 6 middle schools, 3 high schools, 1 continuation high school, 1 independent study high school, 1 virtual school (grades 6 through 12), 1 home school academy (K through 8), 3 charter schools, and 1 adult school. The nearest school to the project area, the Julian Charter School, is a K-12 school and is located approximately 0.3 mile east of the project area. The nearest elementary school is Vail Elementary School, located approximately 1.12 miles northeast of the project area. Margarita Middle School is the closest Middle School, located 2.26 miles east of the project area; and Temecula Valley High School is located 2.03 miles northeast of the project area. Table 3.12-2 provides enrollment and capacity data for the 2013-2014 school year for the schools that serve the project area. As shown below, all of the existing schools that would serve the project area are operating below capacity. TABLE 3.12-2 EXISTING TVUSD SCHOOLS SERVING THE PROJECT AREA School/Type Location Grade Level Enrollment September 2013-2014 School’s Gross Student Capacity September 2013-2014 Vail Elementary 29915 Mira Loma Drive K through 5 595 1,421 Margarita Middle School 30600 Margarita Road 6-8 857 1,922 Temecula Valley High School 31555 Rancho Vista Road 9-12 2,695 3,973 SOURCE: TVUSD, 2015a Altair Specific Plan 3.12-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services Parks Parks are an important resource in Temecula as they provide community gathering areas and recreational facilities as well as a source of civic pride. The City of Temecula currently owns and maintains a full range of parks and recreational facilities. According to the Temecula 2030 Quality of Life Master Plan, the City owns 39 parks with a total area of approximately 315 acres and about 117,000 square feet of recreational and cultural facilities. The City has 27 neighborhood parks, 3 specialty parks, 7 sports parks, 2 passive parks, and 6 recreational facilities (City of Temecula, 2015). Neighborhood parks are intended to serve their immediate area, are generally 3 to 10 acres of open space and play areas, and should be easily accessed by pedestrians. The three specialty parks within Temecula include a duck pond, a skate park, and an outdoor basketball facility. Sports parks offer athletic facilities such as soccer fields, baseball fields, basketball courts, and/or tennis courts. Other recreational opportunities in the city include facilities such as two community centers, a theater, and history and children’s museums, and a senior center. Lake Skinner Regional Park is approximately 9.5 miles northeast of the project area. The 600-acre park offers overnight camping, fishing, swimming, sailing, picnicking, and other activities. The City also has plans to renovate the YMCA building at 2611 Ynez Road into a recreational facility. At this time, no new parks are planned for development (Myers-Russo, 2015). The City has a joint-use agreement with the TVUSD, which allows the City to use school recreational facilities (City of Temecula, 2005). These recreational facilities are generally open to the public during non-school hours, weekends, and vacations and, as such, are considered adjuncts to the city-wide park system. The following schools sites are presently joint facilities: Temecula Middle School (illuminated baseball and soccer fields); Temecula Elementary School (pool); Vail Ranch Middle School (illuminated basketball and tennis courts); James L. Day Middle School (baseball fields and tennis courts); Erle Stanley Gardner Middle School (tennis courts); Great Oak High School (tennis courts); Temecula Valley High (illuminated tennis courts); and Chaparral High School (pool). As shown in Table 3.12-3, the nearest park to the project area is Rotary Park, located at 28816 Pujol Street, approximately less than 0.1 mile east of the project area. Rotary Park encompasses 1.09 acres, is handicap accessible, and includes barbecue facilities and picnic tables. Table 3.12-3 provides a summary of the parks within 1.5 miles of the project area. Altair Specific Plan 3.12-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services TABLE 3.12-3 PUBLIC PARKS SERVING THE PROJECT AREA Park Type Amenities Acres Distance from the project area (miles) Rotary Park 28816 Pujol Street Neighborhood • BBQ • Picnic Tables • Handicap Accessible 1.09 0.09 Town Square Park Main Street Passive • Turf • Benches • Water feature • Drinking fountain 0.41 0.30 Sam Hicks Monument Park 41970 Moreno Road Neighborhood • Children's Play Area • Picnic Tables • Restrooms • Handicap Accessible 1.8 0.31 Temecula Duck Pond 28250 Ynez Road Neighborhood • Wildlife viewing • BBQ • Picnic Tables and Shelter • Restrooms • Handicap Accessible 7.51 0.77 Pala Community Park 44900 Temecula Lane Sports • 1 Lit Football / Soccer Field • Outdoor Basketball • Volleyball • Tennis • Children's Play Area • BBQ • Picnic Tables • Restrooms • Handicap Accessible • 10 acres 10 1.42 SOURCE: Myers-Russo, 2015. Libraries The City of Temecula is a member of the Riverside County Library System (RCLS), which operates 35 libraries and 2 bookmobiles throughout Riverside County and has an annual circulation of 3,045,195 (Vanderhaak, 2015). According to the City’s General Plan, the County Library System has district-wide standards of 1.2 volumes and 0.5 square feet of library space per capita (City of Temecula, 2005). Within Temecula, the district currently provides approximately 2.0 volumes and 0.5 square feet of library space per capita. The nearest library to the project area is the Temecula Public Library, located 1.63 miles east of the project area, at 30600 Pauaba Road. According to the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the Temecula Public Library is a 34,000 square foot facility that has 141,595 volumes, as well as access to regional book volumes (Vanderhaak, 2015). The library is open seven days a week and offers free Wi-Fi. The Technology Homework Center is open Monday-Thursday from 3:00 PM until 6:00 PM and on Sundays from 1:00 PM until 5:00 PM. Free peer tutoring is Altair Specific Plan 3.12-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services available. A Law Resource Library is located in the public library. Law databases, legal books and assistance from a law librarian are available to the public. There are 68 public workstations in the library with internet access. Two community rooms that each have a capacity of 100 can be rented along with a small conference room, and the Grace Mellman Heritage Room. There are five study rooms that are free to use on a first come basis for two hours daily. Friends of the Temecula Library Bookstore is located at both library locations (Vanderhaak, 2015). Grace Mellman Community Library at 41000 County Center Drive is the next closest library to the project area, located 2.1 miles north of the project area. This is a 15,380-square-foot facility and includes 65,587 volumes. Other amenities the library offers include access to over two- million items located in county and neighboring libraries, internet access on multiple workstations, free Wi-Fi, community events, and a Friends of the Library used bookstore adjacent to the facility (Vanderhaak, 2015). Hospitals The project area is within proximity of three regional hospitals—the Temecula Valley Hospital (TVH), the Rancho Springs Medical Center, and the Inland Valley Regional Medical Center. The Temecula Valley Hospital is a 140-bed hospital that consists of a 20-bed intensive care unit (ICU), a Consolidated Treatment Unit, a cardiac catheterization lab and a fitness rehabilitation center on 37 acres of land in the city of Temecula. This facility is situated on the north side of State Route 79, south of De Portola Road. TVH offers major specialty services, including open heart surgery. TVH is also designated as a STEMI (Heart Attack) Receiving Center and Stroke Ready Hospital by the Riverside County Emergency Medical Services Agency (Universal Health Services, 2015). The hospital is located at 31700 Temecula Parkway, approximately 2.28 miles from the project area. The Rancho Springs Medical Center is a 120-bed hospital that is best known for its cancer care center and birthing suites. This hospital is located at 25500 Medical Center Drive, Murrieta, 4.96 miles from the project area. In addition, the Inland Valley Regional Medical Center is a 122-bed facility that serves as the region’s only trauma center and provides medical services, trauma surgery, intensive care, diagnostic imaging, rehabilitation, and other medical care (Southwest Health Care System, 2015). This hospital is located at 36485 Inland Valley Drive, Wildomar, approximately 8.11 miles northeast of the project area. 3.12.2 Regulatory Framework State School Facility Development Fees – Assembly Bill 2926 In September 1986, the State Legislature passed Assembly Bill (AB) 2926 (Chapter 887, Statutes of 1986). This bill granted school districts in California the power to levy fees on residential, commercial, and industrial development for the purpose of financing construction of school facilities. State law prohibits a city or county from issuing a building permit unless the local school district has certified that the application is in compliance with its fee program. School districts are also allowed to increase the level of fees every 2 years, based on the change in the Class B construction cost index, as determined by the State Allocation Board. TVUSD’s current developer fee for residential development is $3.36 per square foot. The current developer fee for Altair Specific Plan 3.12-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services commercial, industrial, and federally qualified senior housing is $0.54 per square foot (TVUSD, 2015b). Quimby Act (Government Code 66477) State Subdivision Map, Section 66477 (Quimby Act) allows the legislative body of a city or county, by ordinance, to require the dedication of land, the payment of in-lieu fees, or a combination of both, for park and recreational purposes as a condition of approval for a final tract map or parcel map. The Quimby Act requires that developers set aside land, donate conservation easements, or pay fees for park improvements. The goal of the Quimby Act is to require developers to help mitigate the impacts of property improvements. The City of Temecula requires 5 acres of park area, or the proportional share thereof, for each 1,000 residents. This requirement may be met by dedication of land, payment of in-lieu fees or a combination of both as defined by the City’s Subdivision Ordinance 99.23 (City of Temecula, 2005). Local Temecula Municipal Code The Temecula Municipal Code (TMC) includes provisions for new construction projects within the City. It contains, by reference, the California Building Code building construction standards, including the California Fire Code (CFC). The Fire Prevention Code (Chapter 15.16) of the TMC sets forth regulatory requirements pertaining to fees, changes and additions to the CFC, and a fire hazard abatement measures. City of Temecula General Plan Growth Management/Public Facilities Element The City of Temecula General Plan establishes goals and policies related to public services for the City. The following General Plan goals and policies for public services are relevant to the project: Goal 2: Orderly and efficient patterns of growth that enhance the life for Temecula residents. Policy 2.2: Ensure that phasing of public facilities and services occurs in such a way that new development is adequately supported as it develops. Goal 3: Effective and cost-efficient police, fire and emergency medical services within the City. Policy 3.1: Evaluate police protection services for adequate facilities, staffing, and equipment based on changes in population and development and to ensure an adequate response time for emergencies. Strive to provide a minimum of 1 full-time officer per 1,000 residents for police protection services. Policy 3.2: Require new development to address fire and police protection proactively through all-weather access, street design, orientation of entryways, siting of structures, landscaping, lighting, and other security Altair Specific Plan 3.12-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services features. Require illuminated addresses on new construction. Provide facilities, staffing, and equipment necessary to maintain a 5-minute response time for 90 percent of all emergencies. Policy 3.4: Coordinate with the County of Riverside to locate and phase new sheriff facilities and fire stations to ensure adequate service levels are maintained. Goal 4: A quality school system with adequate facilities and funding to educate the youth of Temecula. Policy 4.2: Promote and encourage development phasing so that the School District may plan, finance, and construct, school facilities to serve new development. Open Space/Conservation Element The Open Space Element contains goals and policies concerned with managing all open space areas, including undeveloped wilderness lands and outdoor recreation uses. The Government Code defines that open space should be preserved for: preservation of natural resources; managed production of resources; recreation; and public health and safety. The basic park acreage standard for Temecula is 5 acres of usable City-owned parkland per 1,000 residents. This standard does not include special use facilities, natural open space, or trails. Temecula 2030 Quality of Life Master Plan Core Value: Healthy and Livable City The Healthy and Livable City Core Value contains goals encompassing the elements that make up the community’s quality of life, including: the built and natural environment, economic and educational opportunities, access to cultural, religious, recreational, shopping and entertainment resources, and the ability to have a healthy and safe lifestyle. Goals related to public services include: • Provide accessible recreational, sports, cultural, health/therapeutic and community engagement facilities, programs and resources for all of Temecula residents, including seniors, youth, families, and those with special needs. • Support healthy and active lifestyles by promoting recreation programs, parks, trails, and competitive facilities for swimming, tennis, soccer, baseball, basketball, and other sports. Strategic priorities for Temecula 2030 related to public services include: • “Reinvent” older commercial areas (such as Jefferson/Ynez) into vibrant mixed-use and pedestrian-friendly areas with different housing types (such as lofts and townhouses), more density, better transit linkages, and access to “urban amenities.” • Ensure capacity for high-quality parks, both active and passive, and recreation and community facilities and programs, including for youth indoor facilities, for seniors and those with special needs. Altair Specific Plan 3.12-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services • Create an accessible park for seniors and special-needs children that provides specialized training and play equipment. • Enhance tennis facilities and facilitate the development of an aquatics center. Work with the private sector to develop high-quality facilities and a possible competitive sports complex. Partner with the School District to improve tennis facilities, including resurfacing of middle school courts, lighting of high school courts, and engaging in additional joint-use agreements. • Expand parkways and trail system to provide linkages for pedestrians and bicycles throughout the city and adjacent communities to promote an active and healthy community. 3.12.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, impacts related to public services would be considered significant if the proposed project would: • Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: – Fire protection – Police protection – Schools – Parks – Other public facilities • Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated; and/or • Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. Methodology Fire Protection and Emergency Services Impacts on fire protection and emergency services are considered significant if an increase in population or development levels as a result of the project would result in inadequate staffing levels, increased response times, and/or increased demand for services that would require the construction or expansion of new or altered facilities that themselves could have an adverse Altair Specific Plan 3.12-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services physical effect on the environment. Thus, a significant impact would occur if the fire station serving the project area could not meet project demand, or require the construction of new or expanded fire facilities that would cause significant environmental impacts. The methodology used to evaluate potential fire protection service impacts includes the following: (1) evaluation of existing fire services for the fire stations serving the project site; (2) determination of whether the existing fire services and personnel are capable of servicing the project; and (3) determining whether the project’s contribution to the future service population would cause the fire station(s) to operate beyond its service capacity. Police Protection Impacts on police protection services are considered significant if an increase in population or development levels as a result of the project would result in inadequate staffing levels, increased response times, and/or increased demand for services that would require the construction or expansion of new or altered facilities that themselves could have an adverse physical effect on the environment. Thus, a significant impact would occur if the police station serving the project area could not meet project demand, or require the construction of new or expanded police facilities that would cause significant environmental impacts. The methodology used to evaluate potential police protection service impacts includes the following: (1) evaluation of existing police services for the police station(s) serving the project site; (2) determination whether the existing police services and personnel are capable of servicing the proposed project; and (3) determining whether the project’s contribution to the future service population would cause the police station(s) to operate beyond its service capacity. Schools Impacts on schools are considered significant if an increase in population or development levels as a result of the project would result in inadequate staffing levels, overcrowding, and/or increased demand for services requiring the construction or expansion of new or altered school facilities that could have an adverse physical effect on the environment. Thus, a significant impact would occur if the local TVUSD schools could not accommodate additional students expected from the project, thereby requiring the construction or expansion of school facilities that would cause significant environmental impacts. Accordingly, this analysis focuses on public schools that would provide service to the project site. Parks Impacts on parks and recreational facilities are considered significant if an increase in population or development levels as a result of the project would result in the increase in use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial deterioration of the facility would occur or the increase in demand would require the construction of additional facilities that could have an adverse physical effect on the environment. Thus, a significant impact would occur if use of the existing parks and recreational facilities would result in physical deterioration, thereby requiring the construction of additional facilities that would cause significant environmental impacts. The methodology used to evaluate potential impacts to parks and recreational facilities includes the following: (1) evaluation of existing parks and recreational facilities serving the project site; (2) determination whether the existing parks and recreational Altair Specific Plan 3.12-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services facilities could accommodate the increase in population that would occur under the proposed project; and (3) determining whether the project’s contribution to the future population would increase use of existing park and recreation facilities such that physical deterioration would occur. Libraries The methodology used to evaluate potential library impacts includes the following: (1) identifying the primary library that would serve the project area; (2) projecting the future service population for the library that would serve the project area; and (3) determining whether the project’s contribution to the future service population would cause the library to operate beyond its service capacity. Hospitals The methodology used to evaluate potential impacts to hospitals includes the following: (1) identifying the primary hospitals that would serve the project area; (2) projecting the future service population for the hospitals that would serve the project area; and (3) determining whether the project’s contribution to the future service population would cause the hospitals to operate beyond its service capacity. Impacts Fire Protection and Emergency Services New development under the project would include the development of 870 to 1,750 dwelling units within the project area, which would result in a maximum of approximately 4,603 new residents in the project area over the next 10 years (see Section 3.11, Population and Housing). The new development and population would increase the demand for fire protection services, including emergency medical response, and could result in the need for additional personnel or fire protection facilities. The project would also introduce buildings up to five stories in height, which is above the heights of existing buildings in the project area. The project would be located within the service area of an existing fire station (Fire Station No. 12), and would be within the existing 3.9-minute response radius for emergency calls. While the project could result in an increased number of emergency calls and an increase in maintenance needs related to facilities and equipment, this increase would occur over a 10-year period and the fire department would add staff, equipment, and maintenance on an as-needed basis in order to accommodate these increased demands. The fire department already possesses the necessary equipment (an aerial ladder engine) to accommodate the proposed five-story height limits within the project area. Furthermore, the proposed residential buildings would require incorporation of fire detection and suppression systems (fire alarms and sprinklers), emergency access (fire lanes), and properly placed fire hydrants as required by the Fire Code (as described in Sections 15.04.020, 15.06.020 and 15.16.020). These project design elements are reviewed and approved by the fire department prior to receipt of development permits for every project in the City (City of Temecula, 2005). In addition, as set forth in TMC 15.060.020, the applicant would be required to pay development impact fees related to fire protection to enable the expansion of fire protection facilities, the Altair Specific Plan 3.12-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services addition of fire protection personnel, and the acquisition of additional fire equipment, as needed to maintain their performance standards. According to the RCFD, Fire Station No. 12 would require additional staff and equipment to accommodate the increase in population that would occur over the project’s 10-year buildout. However, no additional fire stations would need to be constructed as a result of development of the proposed project. Compliance with City goals, policies, and performance standards, as well as TMC 15.060.020, would ensure that the proposed buildings would include adequate fire detection and suppression systems to allow for fires to be quickly contained and would ensure that the fire department maintains an adequately sized staff and equipment in order to meet any additional demands generated by the project. Compliance with such regulations would reduce the burden on existing fire stations serving the project area, and would ensure that the RCFD has adequate equipment, staff, and station space to provide fire protection and emergency services to the project area and the city. Given the project area’s proximity to an adjacent High Fire Hazard Area there is the potential for wildland fires within the project area. As discussed in Section 3.7, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, the Western Bypass would serve as a fire break between wildland areas and the proposed development. Furthermore, a Fuel Modification Plan would be incorporated into the Altair Specific Plan to identify appropriate structure setbacks and landscape requirements to address this hazard. All development would be required to adhere to all fire suppression requirements in accordance with the most recent CFC, which provides minimum fire safety measures that would be incorporated into all building designs. Thus, with adherence to the CFC, implementation of the Fuel Modification Plan, and the capabilities of existing fire protection services, the potential impact from wildfires would be less than significant. Based on the above, the proposed project would not require construction of an additional or expanded fire protection and emergency service facilities, and impacts related to fire protection services would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Police Protection As discussed earlier, the current standard established by the General Plan for police officers to population is 1 full-time officer per 1,000 residents. The Temecula Police Department currently employs officers at the rate of 0.94 officers per 1,000 residents (Edwards, 2015). The project area is currently vacant and development within this area would require police services to be expanded to this area. The project would likely result in a higher volume of service calls and, thus, slower response times. According to the RCSD, in order to accommodate the 4,603 residents that would be generated by the project, there would need to be approximately five to six new police officers in order for the City to maintain its current ratio. In addition, the RCSD has indicated that existing police facilities would be sufficient to accommodate the new officers and staff. Five to six additional officers and new equipment, such as police cars and firearms, could be accommodated by the Murrieta station and the two storefront locations in Temecula. The proposed project would be required to pay development impact fees, as set forth in TMC 15.06.020, which would allow the police department to add additional staff to provide services to accommodate this growth. Thus, while the project would likely result in a higher volume of service calls and the need for Altair Specific Plan 3.12-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services additional staffing, staffing needs would be accommodated by the payment of development impact fees. For these reasons, the project would not result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered police facilities and there would be a less than significant impact. Significance Determination: Less than significant Schools The project would result in 4,603 new residents, which would generate an additional student population for the TVUSD. Table 3.12-4, Generation Rates for the Proposed Project, provides the generation rates that TVUSD uses to project future student population. As shown in Table 3.12-4, the project is anticipated to generate approximately 1,971 K-12 students; however, this represents a conservative estimate because the generation rates are based on single-family housing, and the project would also include the development of detached, multiplex, rowhouse, live/work, multifamily walk-up, multifamily podium, micro-unit, and mixed-use housing. TVUSD does not currently have generation rates for multi-family housing. TABLE 3.12-4 GENERATION RATES FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT Grade Generation Rates (per dwelling unit) Total Students for the proposed project (1,750 New Residential Dwellings) K-5 0.754 1,319 6-8 0.1718 300 9-12 0.2011 352 Total 1,971 SOURCE: TVUSD, 2012. Based on the existing capacity (see Table 3.12-2), TVUSD would need additional facilities in order to accommodate the 1,971 students that would be generated from a maximum of 1,750 new residential dwellings units. Student enrollment within TVUSD is anticipated to increase in the next 10 years. The expected buildout of the school district would result in a student population of approximately 38,000 students (Ryan, 2012). The 1,971 students generated by the project has been anticipated by the expected build-out of the school district. While the schools serving the project area currently have sufficient capacity to handle additional numbers of students generated by the project, a new elementary school would be constructed as part of the project. This elementary school would be able to accommodate approximately 600 to 730 students. In addition, TVUSD has plans to build additional schools in the area to accommodate future population growth in the next 10 to 15 years. Currently, two elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school are planned (TVUSD, 2015a). The current schools serving the area, the schools planned by TVUSD, and the elementary school proposed as Altair Specific Plan 3.12-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services part of the project, would be sufficient to meet the needs of the additional population resulting from the project. In 1986, the State passed AB 2926 to assist in providing funding for school facilities to serve students generated by new development projects. AB 2926 allowed school districts to collect impact fees from developers of new residential and commercial/industrial developments. These development fees are deemed to fully mitigate for impacts to schools caused by new development. As of 2014, TVUSD’s developer fees for residential development are $3.36 per square foot of residential development and $0.54 per square foot (TVUSD, 2015b). Given the payment of developer fees, existing capacity at the schools in the project area, the construction of an elementary school as a part of the project, and TVUSD’s proposed construction of five new schools, TVUSD would be able to accommodate the students generated by the project and would not require further expansion of facilities. Therefore, project impacts to schools are considered to be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Parks The project would increase the population of the City of Temecula by introducing new residential units into the area. The project would add an estimated 4,603 residents which would increase demand for City-owned park and recreational facilities. New development is required to dedicated park land, pay a fee in-lieu, or a combination, thereof, to provide for the recreational needs of its residents (City of Temecula, Ord. 99-23). Based on the City’s formula for park land dedication, and knowing the project could produce a range of dwelling units (870 to 1,750 units); the project, at buildout, would be required to dedicate an estimated 10 to 22 acres of park land, depending on the total number of dwelling units constructed. The required park land dedication, payment of in-lieu fees, or a combination, thereof, would offset any adverse impacts associated with the construction of new or expansion of existing recreational facilities to meet the City’s General Plan standard of five acres of park land for every 1,000 residents. Significance Determination: Less than significant Libraries As described in Section 3.11, Population and Housing, the City of Temecula has an approximate population of 106,289 residents. Based on this population and the General Plan’s district-wide standards of 1.2 volumes and 0.5 square feet of library space per capita, the City should have a standard service level of 127,546 book volumes and 53,145 square feet of library floor area. The Grace Mellman Library is a 15,380 square-foot full-service library offering approximately 65,587 items to support the local population (Vanderhaak, 2015). In addition, the library is a member of the Riverside County Library System, which affords customers access to over 2 million items located in the branches throughout the system. The Temecula Public Library is a 34,000 square-foot facility that has approximately 141,595 volumes items, as well as access to regional book volumes (Table 3.12-5). Altair Specific Plan 3.12-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.12 Public Services TABLE 3.12-5 EXISTING LIBRARY FACILITIES AND BOOK SUPPLIES Service Library Area (square feet) Book Volumes1 Grace Mellman Library 15,380 65,587 Temecula Public Library 34,000 141,595 Total 49,380 207,182 1 Polaris/Vanderhaak, 2015 The project would increase the demand for library services over the buildout timeframe of 10 years. However, the population increase generated by the project (approximately 4,603 people max) is accounted for in the City’s anticipated population growth forecast of 118,900 people by 2035 (See Section 3-11, Population and Housing). The project is anticipated to have minimal impacts on library services and would not affect the County’s ability to provide library services or create the need to construct new library facilities or expand existing facilities. Therefore, the project would result in less than significant impacts to library services. Significance Determination: Less than significant Hospitals There are a number of healthcare facilities that would have capacity to serve residents of the project. These include the Temecula Valley Hospital (TVH), the Rancho Springs Medical Center and the Inland Valley Regional Medical Center. The TVH is a recently opened and expanded facility in Murrieta. TVH is operated by Universal Health Services and consists of a 140-bed hospital, a 20-bed intensive care unit (ICU), a Consolidated Treatment Unit, a cardiac catheterization lab and a fitness rehabilitation center. This hospital is located approximately 2.28 miles southeast of the project area and would serve the future residents of the project. The hospital opened in October 2013 to accommodate the growing population of the City of Temecula. The TVH has more than 275 affiliated physicians, close to 500 employees and 150 volunteers (Karnes, 2014). The TVH building was designed for future expansion to help accommodate the area’s continued growth, and the hospital’s 37-acre campus can accommodate additional expansion as community needs grow (Universal Health Services, 2015). Given the capacity of the existing healthcare facilities, the population of 4,603 new residents (maximum) generated by the project would be adequately served by the existing facilities. Impacts related to the expansion or provision of additional healthcare facilities would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.12-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic This section provides an evaluation of the potential for the project to significantly affect traffic operations in and around the project site. This analysis is a summary of the Transportation Impact Analysis (TIA) Report prepared by Fehr & Peers (April 2015), which is provided in Appendix I of this EIR. 3.13.1 Environmental Setting Existing Roadway Network Regional access to Altair is provided by Interstate 15 (I-15). Local access is provided mainly by Rancho California Road, and Camino Estribo. Characteristics of the roadways in the study area are summarized in Table 3.13-1 and are described in more detail in Appendix I. Figure 3.13-1 shows the project study area including analyzed intersection and roadway segment locations. TABLE 3.13-1 ANALYZED ROADWAY SEGMENTS – EXISTING (2015) CONDITIONS Roadway From To Classification Speed Limit (mph) Bike Lanes 1. Rancho California Rd Diaz Rd Old Town Front St Principal Arterial 40 Class II 2. Vincent Moraga Dr Rancho California Rd Ridge Park Drive Collector 25 Class III 3. Western Bypass* A St Pujol St. Major Arterial n/a n/a 4. Western Bypass* Calle Cerillo Old Town Front St Major Arterial n/a n/a 5. Temecula Pkwy La Paz Rd Wabash Ln Urban Arterial 55 No 6. Temecula Pkwy Pechanga Pkwy Margarita Rd Principal Arterial 55 No 7. Diaz Rd Rancho California Rd Via Montezuma Rd Major Arterial 45 Class I 8. Rancho California Rd I-15 Ynez Rd Urban Arterial 40 Class II 9. Diaz Rd Via Montezuma Rd Winchester Rd Major Arterial 45 Class I 10. Winchester Rd Diaz Rd Jefferson Ave Major Arterial 45 No 11. Winchester Rd I-15 Ynez Rd Urban Arterial 40 No *Segment #3 and #4 do not exist and will be constructed as part of the proposed project. SOURCE: City of Temecula General Plan, 2005. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 Project Location 2 1 3 4 5 16 17 18 10 12 14 19 20 21 23 13 11 22 24 9 25 6 7 8 15 98 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 OL D TO W N E F R O N T S T P U J O L S T V I A N O R T E SAN T I A GO RD DE P O R T O L A R D RANCHO VISTA RD P A U B A R D D E L R E Y R D M E A D O W S PKY S O L A N A W A Y L A S E R E N A W A Y PE C H A N G A P K W Y RANCHO CALI FOR N I A R D OVERLAND DR R A N C H O CA LIFORNIA RD WINC H E S T E R R D V I A S A N T A R O S A J E F F E R S O N A V E YN E Z R D D I A Z R D V I A SA N TA R O S A MARGARITA R D J E D E D I A H S M I T H B U S I N E S S PARK C A M I N O E S T R I B O TEMECUL A P K W Y LOMA L I N D A R D YNEZ RA I N B O W C A N Y ON R D W E S T E R N B Y P A S S ( F U T U R E ) Altair Specic Plan . 140106 Figure 3.13-1 Intersection and Roadway Segment Analysis Locations SOURCE: Fehr & Peers N Project Study Intersection Project Study Roadway Segment 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Existing Bus Transit Facilities The study area is serviced by the Riverside Transit Agency and operates the following nine bus routes near the Altair Specific Plan project site (RTA, 2015):1 Route 23 is a circulator bus route primarily serving the cities of Temecula, Murrieta and Wildomar. It connects regional facilities, such as the Inland Valley Regional Medical Center and the Riverside County Superior Court House, to local retail and residential facilities, such as Rancho Springs Medical Center, several local schools, and Wal-Mart. Route 23 operates on Winchester Road, Ynez Road and Murrieta Hot Springs Road, among others, within the study area, on 50- to 70-minute headways during weekdays and on 70-minute headways during weekends. Route 24 is a circulator bus route primarily serving the City of Temecula. It connects retail uses at the north end of the City to Old Town, Pechanga Resort, and Redhawk areas of the City. It operates on Pechanga Parkway, Old Town Front Street, Rancho California Road, and Margarita Road, among others, within the study area, on 30- to 70-minute headways during weekdays and on 60- to 90-minute headways on weekends. Route 55, also known as the Temecula Trolley, is a trolley route serving the City of Temecula. It connects mostly residential neighborhoods to commercial, retail and school uses, including Promenade Mall and the County Center. Route 55 operates on Winchester Road, Ynez Road, Overland Drive, and Margarita Road, among others, within the study area. Route 61 is a circulator bus route primarily serving the cities of Sun City, Menifee, Murrieta, and Temecula. This route provides connections to the County Center, Sun City Center, and Loma Linda Medical Building, among others. Route 61 operates on Margarita Road, Ynez Road, and Winchester Road, among others, within the study area, on 80- to 90-minute headways on weekdays and on 60- to 65-minute headways on weekends. Route 79 is a circulator bus route primarily serving the cities of Hemet, Winchester, and Temecula. This route connects residential and retail areas to many places of interest, such as the Hemet Valley Mall, Promenade Mall and the County Center, among others. Route 79 operates on Ynez Road, Overland Drive and Winchester Road, among others, within the study area, on 70-minute headways during weekdays and on 60-minute headways on Saturdays. Route 202 is a commuter bus route primarily serving the cities of Murrieta, Temecula, and Oceanside. Route 202 connects major employment areas in Oceanside, such as the Oceanside Transit Center, to major transit stops in Temecula and Murrieta for morning and evening commutes. Route 202 operates on Rancho California Road, Winchester Road and Ynez Road, among others, within the study area. The route only operates on weekdays during the morning peak hours of 4:00 AM to 9:00 AM and evening peak hours of 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM on 20- to 50-minute headways. 1 The Riverside Transit Agency is currently completing its Comprehensive Operational Analysis (COA), which may modify these routes from their current configuration. This COA may also recommend changes to the bus lines either in the short-term or long-term horizon. Therefore, no information can be provided regarding future bus service with the study area. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Route 206 is a commuter bus route primarily serving the cities of Temecula, Murrieta, Lake Elsinore, and Corona. This route connects the Corona Transit Center to major transit connections to the south, including the Lake Elsinore Outlet Center, the Murrieta Wal-Mart, and the Promenade Mall in Temecula. Within the study area, Route 206 operates on Winchester Road and Margarita Road. The route operates on weekdays only between 4:00 AM to 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM to 9:00 PM on 20- to 60-minute headways. Route 208 is a commuter bus route primarily serving the cities of Temecula, Murrieta, Perris, Moreno Valley and Riverside. This route connects the Riverside Downtown Terminal and Riverside Downtown Metrolink Station to major transit connections, including Moreno Valley Mall, Perris Station Transit Center and the Promenade Mall in the City of Temecula, among others. Within the study area, it operates on Winchester Road and the I-15 Freeway. The route operates on weekdays only between 3:40 AM to 9:00 AM and 2:35 PM to 9:15 PM at 30- to 60-minute headways. Route 217 is a commuter bus route primarily serving the cities of San Jacinto, Hemet, Temecula, and Escondido. This route connects the Escondido Transit Center to major transit stops, including the Promenade Mall in the City of Temecula, Hemet Valley Mall, and Mt. San Jacinto College, among others. Within the study area, Route 217 operates on Winchester Road, Ynez Road, and the I-15 Freeway. The route operates on weekdays only between 4:00 AM to 8:30 AM and 3:00 PM to 8:30 PM on 30-to 40-minute headways. Bicycle and Pedestrian Trails Network Bicycle facilities are designated by the following four classifications: Class I - Bike Path or Bike Trail: Class I facilities are bicycle trails or paths that are essentially off street and separated from automobiles. A Class I bike path may parallel a roadway (within the parkway) or may be a completely separate right-of-way that meanders through a neighborhood or along a flood control channel or utility right-of-way. Class II - Bike Lane: Class II bike lanes can be either located next to a curb or parking lane. If located next to a curb, a minimum width of five feet is recommended. A minimum width of five feet is also recommended for bike lanes adjacent to parking, unless there is a marked buffer in between. However, a bike lane adjacent to a parking lane can be four feet in width. Bike Lanes are exclusively for the use of bicycles and include bike lane signage, special lane lines, and pavement markings. Class III – Bike Route: Street provides for shared use by motor vehicles and bicyclists. While bicyclists have no exclusive use or priority, signage may occur both by the side of the street and stenciled on the roadway surface. Class IV – Cycle Track: Class IV bikeways are cycle tracks or separated bikeways that provide a right-of-way designated exclusively for bicycle travel adjacent to a roadway and are protected from vehicular traffic via separations (e.g., grade separation, flexible posts, inflexible physical barriers, on-street parking). Altair Specific Plan 3.13-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Within the study area, existing roadways that provide bicycle facilities include: Class I: Diaz Road Class II: Winchester Road; Jefferson Avenue; Margarita Road; Pechanga Parkway; Rancho California Road; Ynez Road Overland Drive; Santiago Road Planned bike lanes within the study area are identified in the City of Temecula General Plan and depicted in Table 3.13-2. The City of Temecula is currently updating its Citywide Bicycle Master Plan, which may result in changes to the existing or proposed facilities identified below. For purposes of this EIR, no changes are assumed beyond those noted in the City’s General Plan. Pedestrian facilities throughout Temecula are well-developed along most major roadways, however several roads within the study area have undeveloped or discontinuous pedestrian facilities. Within and adjacent to the Specific Plan area, sidewalks range from being provided on both sides of the street, to only one side of the street or not available at all. Connectivity is limited throughout the study area, especially adjacent to undeveloped parcels. TABLE 3.13-2 PLANNED BIKE LANES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA Roadway Classification Old Town Front Street Class III Temecula Parkway Class II Rainbow Canyon Road Class II Margarita Road Class II Diaz Road Class I SOURCE: City of Temecula General Plan, 2005 The city of Temecula also has an extensive trail network. The City of Temecula General Plan designates the following roadways within the study area as multi-use trails: • Diaz Road • Rancho California Road • Ynez Road • Temecula Parkway • Pechanga Parkway • Santiago Road Analysis Methodologies Level of Service Analysis The traffic analysis employs a methodology based on empirical research conducted by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and other authorities, which are consistent with the City of Temecula Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines (May 2011) requirements (City of Temecula, 2011). TRB’s Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010 methodology for signalized and all-way Altair Specific Plan 3.13-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic stop-controlled intersections estimates the average control delay for the vehicle at the intersection. For side-street stop-controlled intersections, the methodology estimates the control delays for each turning movement and identifies the delay for the longest delayed approach (if there is a shared lane, delay is averaged for all turning movements from that lane) (TRB, 2010). After the quantitative delay estimates are complete, the methodology assigns a qualitative letter grade that represents the operations of the intersection. These grades range from level of service (LOS) A (minimal delay) to LOS F (excessive congestion). LOS E represents at-capacity operations. Descriptions of the LOS letter grades for signalized and unsignalized intersections are provided in Table 3.13-3. TABLE 3.13-3 LEVEL OF SERVICE DESCRIPTIONS LOS Description Signalized Delay (Seconds) Unsignalized Delay (Seconds) A Progression is extremely favorable and most vehicles arrive during the green phase. Most vehicles do not stop at all. Short cycle lengths may also contribute to low delay. < 10.0 < 10.0 B Progression is good, cycle lengths are short, or both. More vehicles stop than with LOS A, causing higher levels of average delay. > 10.0 to 20.0 >10.0 to 15.0 C Higher congestion may result from fair progression, longer cycle lengths, or both. Individual cycle failures may begin to appear at this level, though many still pass through the intersection without stopping. > 20.0 to 35.0 >15.0 to 25.0 D The influence of congestion becomes more noticeable. Longer delays may result from some combination of unfavorable progression, long cycle lengths, or high V/C ratios. Many vehicles stop, and the proportion of vehicles not stopping declines. Individual cycle failures are noticeable. > 35.0 to 55.0 >25.0 to 35.0 E This level is considered by many agencies to be the limit of acceptable delay. These high delay values generally indicate poor progression, long cycle lengths, and high V/C ratios. Individual cycle failures are frequent occurrences. > 55.0 to 80.0 >35.0 to 50.0 F This level is considered unacceptable with oversaturation, which is when arrival flow rates exceed the capacity of the intersection. This level may also occur at high V/C ratios below 1.0 with many individual cycle failures. Poor progression and long cycle lengths may also be contributing factors to such delay levels. > 80.0 >50.0 SOURCE: Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board, 2010). Intersection Assessment Intersection LOS at 25 area intersections was determined based on average delay per the standard TRB HCM 2010 methodology. Delay (in seconds) was calculated at each study intersection using Trafficware Synchro Software v. 8, and compared to the LOS thresholds outlined in the HCM 2010. Project impacts on the study area roadway facilities were determined by measuring the effect that Project traffic would have on intersections during the AM and PM peak hours (which fall, respectfully, during the 2-hour [7:00 AM to 9:00 AM and 4:00 PM to 6:00 PM] peak periods). The 25 study intersections were selected for this analysis based on expectation of potential project impacts, and proximity to the proposed project. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Roadway Segment Assessment Operation on 11 roadway segments were evaluated by comparing the projected traffic volumes to the maximum two-way daily traffic volume identified in the City of Temecula General Plan Circulation Element (City of Temecula, 2005) and shown in Table 3.13-4. The maximum two- way traffic volume is assumed to represent an LOS E threshold. TABLE 3.13-4 ROADWAY SEGMENT THRESHOLDS Roadway Classification Number of Lanes Maximum Two-Way Traffic Volume (ADT) Urban Arterial 8-10 72,200 Principal Arterial 6 54,000 Major Arterial 4 36,000 Secondary Arterial 4 29,000 Modified Secondary Arterial 4 20,000 Limited Secondary Arterial 2 16,000 Collector 2 14,000 Rural Highway 2 10,000 (1) All capacity figures are based on optimum conditions and are intended as guidelines for planning purposes only. (2) Two-lane roadways designated as future arterials that conform to arterial design standards for vertical and horizontal alignment are analyzed as arterials. SOURCE: City of Temecula General Plan, 2005 Existing Traffic Volumes and Levels of Service Recent traffic count data were supplemented by new traffic counts conducted in mid-January 2015 during the morning (7:00 to 9:00 AM) and evening (4:00 to 6:00 PM) peak periods and at study roadway segments during one 24-hour period. The weekday AM peak-hour of traffic for the study area generally occurs between 7:30 AM and 8:30 AM, and the weekday PM peak hour generally occurs between 4:30 PM and 5:30 PM. Intersection turning movements and existing traffic count data are provided in Appendix I. The existing intersection lane configurations signal timings and peak-hour turning movement volumes were used to calculate the levels of service for the study intersections during each peak hour. As shown in Table 3.13-5, most study intersections operate at acceptable levels (LOS D or better) during the AM and PM peak hours with the following four exceptions (LOS calculation sheets are included in Appendix I): • Intersection #2: Jefferson Avenue and Rancho California Road (LOS F in the AM peak hour, and LOS E in the PM peak hour) • Intersection #13: Pechanga Parkway Canyon Road (LOS F in the PM peak hour) • Intersection #14: Margarita Road and Temecula Parkway (LOS F in the AM peak hour) • Intersection #15: Pujol Street and First Street (LOS E in the PM peak hour) Altair Specific Plan 3.13-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic TABLE 3.13-5 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE: EXISTING (2015) CONDITIONS Intersection Traffic Control AM Peak PM Peak Delay LOS Delay LOS 1. Vincent Moraga Drive/Diaz Road & Rancho California Road Signal 22.7 C 49.9 D 2. Jefferson Avenue & Rancho California Road Signal 85.4 F 70.7 E 3. I-15 Southbound & Rancho California Road Signal 29.0 C 29.6 C 4. I-15 Northbound & Rancho California Road Signal 9.8 A 23.0 C 5. Ynez Road & Rancho California Road Signal 37.8 D 48.4 D 6. Vincent Moraga Drive & Ridge Park Drive2 Does Not Exist 7. A Street & Western Bypass2 Does Not Exist 8. Project Road & Western Bypass2 Does Not Exist 9. Old Town Front Street & Temecula Parkway Signal 22.0 C 27.8 C 10. I-15 Northbound & Temecula Parkway Signal 9.1 A 41.4 D 11. La Paz Road & Temecula Parkway Signal 9.6 A 21.3 C 12. Pechanga Parkway & Temecula Parkway Signal 23.1 C 26.2 C 13. Pechanga Parkway & Rainbow Canyon Signal 15.4 B 101.0 F 14. Margarita Road & Temecula Parkway Signal 88.7 F 52.5 D 15. Pujol Street & First Street SSSC 12.3 B 41.0 E 16. Old Town Front Street & First Street/Santiago Road Signal 16.2 B 23.3 C 17. Ynez Road & Santiago Road Signal 25.5 C 48.4 D 18. Business Park Drive & Rancho California Road Signal 13.1 B 36.6 D 19. Diaz Road & Rancho Way Signal 7.9 A 9.5 A 20. Diaz Road & Winchester Road Signal 23.8 C 40.6 D 21. Jefferson Avenue & Winchester Road Signal 36.3 D 49.2 D 22. I-15 Southbound & Winchester Road Signal 14.6 B 13.4 B 23. I-15 Northbound & Winchester Road Signal 13.8 B 11.9 B 24. Ynez Road & Winchester Road Signal 30.3 C 33.9 C 25. I-15 Southbound & Temecula Parkway Signal 41.1 D 35.5 D 1. Intersections operating below acceptable standards are noted in bold. 2. Intersection does not exist under Existing (2015) Conditions. 3. SSSC = Side-Street Stop Control SOURCE: Fehr & Peers, 2015 Existing daily traffic volumes and lane configurations were used to evaluate the operations at study roadway segments. As shown in Table 3.13-6, all of the study roadways segments currently operate at an acceptable LOS E or better on a daily basis. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic TABLE 3.13-6 ROADWAY SEGMENT LEVEL OF SERVICE: EXISTING (2015) CONDITIONS Roadway From To Classification Capacity ADT LOS1 1. Rancho California Rd Diaz Rd Old Town Front St Principal Arterial 54,000 14,706 E or Better 2. Vincent Moraga Dr Rancho California Rd Ridge Park Dr Collector 14,000 984 E or Better 3. Future Roadway Segment 4. Future Roadway Segment 5. Temecula Pkwy La Paz Rd Wabash Ln Urban Arterial 72,200 66,650 E or Better 6. Temecula Pkwy Pechanga Pkwy Margarita Rd Principal Arterial 54,000 41,999 E or Better 7. Diaz Rd Rancho California Rd Via Montezuma Rd Major Arterial 36,000 7,657 E or Better 8. Rancho California Rd I-15 Ynez Rd Urban Arterial 72,200 56,534 E or Better 9. Diaz Rd Via Montezuma Rd Winchester Rd Major Arterial 36,000 12,395 E or Better 10. Winchester Rd Diaz Rd Jefferson Ave Major Arterial 36,000 27,459 E or Better 11. Winchester Rd I-15 Ynez Rd Urban Arterial 72,200 65,952 E or Better 1. Maximum ADT capacities assumed to represent LOS E thresholds. SOURCES: City of Temecula, 2005; Fehr & Peers, 2015. 3.13.2 Regulatory Framework Congestion Management Program The purpose of the state-mandated Congestion Management Program (CMP) is to monitor roadway congestion and assess the overall performance of the region’s transportation system. Based upon this assessment, the CMP contains specific strategies and improvements to reduce traffic congestion and improve the performance of a multi-modal transportation system. Examples of strategies include increased emphasis on public transportation and rideshare programs, mitigating the impacts of new development, and better coordinating land use and transportation planning decisions. Based on the approval of Proposition 111 in 1990, regulations require the preparation, implementation, and annual updating of a CMP in each of California’s urbanized counties. One required element of the CMP is a process to evaluate the transportation and traffic impacts of large projects on the regional transportation system. That process is undertaken by local agencies, project applicants, and traffic consultants through a transportation impact report usually conducted as part of the CEQA project review process. Authority for local land use decisions including project approvals and any required mitigation remains the responsibility of local jurisdictions. The intent of the CMP is to more directly link land use, transportation, and air quality, thereby prompting reasonable growth management programs that will effectively utilize new transportation funds, alleviate traffic congestion and related impacts, and improve air quality. The Riverside County Transportation Committee (RCTC) significantly modified the Riverside County CMP in 1997 to focus on federal Congestion Management System (CMS) requirements as well as incorporate elements of the State CMP requirements. The 1997 CMP also focused on Altair Specific Plan 3.13-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic development of an Enhanced Traffic Monitoring System in which real-time traffic count data can be accessed by RCTC to evaluate the condition of the CMS, as well as meet other monitoring requirements at the state and federal levels. This monitoring effort was completed in 2004 and in 2011. The CMP was updated to address deficiencies found during the evaluation (RCTC, 2011). As stated in the 2011 CMP, RCTC does not require Traffic Impact Assessments for development proposals, but instead defers to the local Lead Agency to assess the potential impacts of development proposals on CMP roadways. Western Riverside County Transportation Uniform Mitigation Fee Program The Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG) is designated as the program administrator for the Western Riverside Transportation Uniform Mitigation Fee (TUMF) Program, which funds large regional infrastructure improvements, i.e., interchanges, major regional roadways, etc. The Western Riverside TUMF charges a development fee for each new single-family unit and multi-family unit in the City of Temecula. As administrator, WRCOG receives all fees generated from the TUMF as collected by the local jurisdictions, and invests, accounts for, and expends the fee in accordance with the TUMF ordinance, the administrative plan and applicable state laws (WRCOG, 2014). Southern California Association of Governments 2012–2035 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) developed the Regional Transportation Plan /Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS), which is a long-range transportation plan that encompasses its member counties and is updated every four years. The RTP/SCS provides a vision for transportation investments throughout the region. Using growth forecasts and economic trends that project out over a 20-year period, the RTP/SCS considers the role of transportation in the broader context of economic, environmental, and quality-of-life goals for the future, identifying regional transportation strategies to address mobility needs. The RTP/SCS contains specific implementation strategies that local governments, SCAG, and other stakeholders may consider in order to successfully implement the RTP/SCS. City of Temecula General Plan – Circulation Element The City of Temecula General Plan defines traffic congestion using the LOS system described above. The minimum LOS deemed acceptable by the City of Temecula is LOS D. Goals, policies, and an implementation program in the Circulation Element of the General Plan that pertain to this project include the following (City of Temecula, 2005): Goal 1 Strive to maintain a Level of Service “D” or better at intersections within the City during peak hours and Level of Service “C” or better during non-peak hours. Policy 1.1 Use the Circulation Element Roadway Plan to guide detailed planning and implementation of the City’s roadway system, including appropriate road width and median transitions when a roadway classification changes. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Policy 1.2 Pursue trip reductions and transportation systems management measures to reduce and limit congestion at intersections and along streets within the City. Policy 1.5 Require additional right-of-way and impose additional parking restrictions for approaches to all Principal Intersections to allow for future intersection improvements and turning movements. Implementation Program 6: Implement the following procedures and requirements to minimize the impacts of proposed development projects on the City’s circulation system, and to encourage increased use of alternative transportation. • Evaluate development proposals for potential impacts to the transportation and infrastructure systems. • Require mitigation in the form of physical improvements and/or impact fees for significant impacts prior to or concurrent with project development. • Require dedication of adequate right-of-way along new roadways to permit pedestrian and bicycle facilities. • Require new development to incorporate design features which facilitate transit service and encourage transit ridership, such as bus pullout areas, covered bus stop facilities, efficient trail systems through projects to transit stops, installation of bike lanes, bikeways, and bicycle parking, and incorporation of pedestrian walkways that pass through subdivision boundary walls, as appropriate. 3.13.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, traffic and circulation impacts would be considered significant if the project would: • Conflict with an applicable plan, ordinance or policy establishing measures of effectiveness for the performance of the circulation system, taking into account all modes of transportation including mass transit and non-motorized travel and relevant components of the circulation system, including but not limited to intersections, streets, highways and freeways, pedestrian and bicycle paths, and mass transit; • Conflict with an applicable congestion management program, including, but not limited to level of service standards and travel demand measures, or other standards established by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways; • Result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an increase in traffic levels or a change in location that results in substantial safety risks; • Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment); • Result in inadequate emergency access; or Altair Specific Plan 3.13-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic • Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs regarding public transit, bicycle, or pedestrian facilities, or otherwise decrease the performance or safety of such facilities. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. The City of Temecula Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines defines the following LOS standards for determining acceptable operations on their facilities for “plus project” conditions: • LOS D or better at intersections during peak hours. • LOS E or better for roadway segments on a daily basis. • LOS F or better is permitted on Old Town Front Street from Second Street to Moreno Road North. According to the City of Temecula Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines, “an increase in delay of 2.0 seconds or more at intersections operating at LOS E or F shall be considered a significant impact, and mitigation measures will be required to reduce the delay to pre-project or acceptable conditions.” The project is not responsible for mitigating intersections for which the project does not cause an increase in delay of 2.0 or more seconds, even if the intersection is operating at an unacceptable LOS (LOS E or LOS F). The City of Temecula does not have any thresholds of significance related to roadway segments. For purposes of this EIR, it was assumed that a significant roadway segment impact occurs when the following two conditions are met: • The roadway segment operates deficiently (LOS F) with the addition of project trips • The roadway segment volume increases by more than two percent with the addition of project trips Methodology For the proposed land uses within the project site, trip generation was determined using standard rates developed by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) and published in Trip Generation Manual (9th Edition) (ITE, 2012). Use of these rates is consistent with industry procedures for estimating traffic impacts. The following project-level traffic impact analysis considers three study scenarios: • Existing Plus Project – This condition represents reassigned baseline (Year 2015) traffic volumes plus trips associated with the proposed Project. Existing baseline (Year 2015) traffic volumes were adjusted according to changes in traffic patterns anticipated to occur due to the various project roadway improvements including the Western Bypass. • Cumulative (2025) – This condition consists of adding traffic generated by the proposed project to conditions projected for the Year 2025 (derived by applying an ambient growth rate of two percent per year to the reassigned baseline traffic counts, then adding traffic generated by other approved and/or pending projects in the study area). • General Plan Build Out (2035) – This condition consists of adding traffic generated by the proposed project to conditions projected for the Year 2035 (derived by applying Altair Specific Plan 3.13-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic growth rates developed from the City of Temecula’s General Plan Build Out 2035 traffic model and existing 24-hour roadway segment counts to the existing traffic counts, then adding traffic generated by other approved and/or pending projects in the study area). Impacts The following section identifies specific impacts pertaining to traffic and circulation and assesses the change from the existing conditions. Impacts in the following issue areas were found to not be significant in the Initial Study prepared for the project (see Appendix A), and will not be discussed further in this EIR. Result in a change in air traffic patterns. The project is not within the French Valley Airport influence area; therefore, the project is not anticipated to result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an increase in traffic levels or a change in location that results in substantial safety risks. No impacts are anticipated as a result of the project. Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or Result in inadequate emergency access. All development within the Specific Plan area would be required to be designed consistent with City standards, including street design, emergency access, and compatibility of proposed uses. Less than significant impacts related to hazardous design features or emergency access are anticipated as a result of the proposed Specific Plan. Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs regarding public transit, bicycle, or pedestrian facilities. Since the project promotes the use of bicycles, pedestrians, and transit, and all development projects within the project area will be required to be consistent with adopted policies, plans, or programs supporting alternative transportation (e.g., bus turnouts, bicycle racks), no impacts are anticipated as a result of the project. Existing (2015) Plus Project Traffic Conditions Project Trip Generation Traffic volumes for the Existing Plus Project scenario include existing traffic volumes plus project volumes from full development of the project. While the project would be developed in three phases over an approximate 10-year time frame, the analysis of potential impacts assumes full development on top of existing conditions. The project would construct several roadway improvements including the Western Bypass, a proposed four-lane arterial roadway that will link Temecula Parkway with Rancho California Road via Vincent Moraga Road, widening improvements at the intersection of Vincent Moraga Drive / Diaz Road and Rancho California Road, and three new intersections along the Western Bypass. The following three study intersections on the Western Bypass were evaluated under all “plus project” conditions: 6. Vincent Moraga Drive and Ridge Park Drive 7. “A” Street and Western Bypass 8. Calle Cerillo and Western Bypass Altair Specific Plan 3.13-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic For the proposed land uses on the project site, trip generation was determined using standard rates developed by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) and published in the Trip Generation Manual (9th Edition) (ITE, 2012). A key element of the project trip generation estimates is the use of the MXD (mixed-use development) trip generation model. Traditionally, traffic engineers and transportation planners have estimated internalization of project trips using one of two methods – either based on their professional judgment or by using the methodology presented in the ITE Trip Generation Handbook. The MXD model was developed through collaboration between consultants, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and an academic research team. The MXD model estimates trip generation and internal capture by adjusting trip generation rates to account for the influence of built environment variables. A variety of research studies have demonstrated that these variables influence vehicle trip generation. The MXD method is described in more detail in the TIA (Appendix I). Table 3.13-7 summarizes the trip generation estimates for the project. TABLE 3.13-7 PROJECT TRIP GENERATION ESTIMATES Planning Area Land Use ITE Code Units Daily Trips AM Peak Hour Trips PM Peak Hour Trips In Out Total In Out Total Village A Apartments 220 280 DU 1,862 29 114 143 113 61 174 Village B Apartments 220 220 DU 1,463 23 90 113 89 48 137 Village C Apartments 220 665 DU 4,423 68 272 340 268 145 413 Retail 820 7 KSF 253 13 4 17 7 18 25 Village D Apartments 220 160 DU 1,064 16 66 82 65 35 100 Retail 820 15 KSF 542 28 8 36 15 39 54 Village E Apartments 220 115 DU 765 12 47 59 47 25 72 Village F Apartments 220 180 DU 1,197 18 74 92 73 39 112 Village G Apartments 220 130 DU 865 13 54 67 53 28 81 School Elementary School 520 730 Students 942 181 148 329 54 56 110 College University / College 550 5,000 Students 8,550 663 187 850 272 578 850 Rec. Center Community Center 495 29 KSF 981 40 20 60 39 41 80 Subtotal: 22,907 1,104 1,084 2,188 1,095 2,208 Mode Shift Adjustment / Internalization Reduction (using the MXD model) -16% -12% -16% -3,675 -136 -134 -270 -171 -174 -344 Total Net Project Trip Generation 19,232 968 950 1,918 924 939 1,864 DU = Dwelling Unit; KSF = 1,000 Square Feet SOURCE: Fehr & Peers, 2015, using ITE Trip Generation Manual 9th Edition. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Project Trip Distribution and Assignment The project trip distribution reflects the likely approach and departure routes to the project site. Project traffic was assigned to the roadway network based on distributions from Riverside Traffic Analysis Model (RIVTAM) forecasts. AM and PM peak hour RIVTAM “select zone run” forecasts were utilized to develop specific project trip distributions for each peak hour.2 The following overall trip distribution pattern was estimated for the project-generated traffic: • 17 percent to/from the North on I-15 • 20 percent to/from the South on I-15 • 20 percent to/from the East along Temecula Parkway • 15 percent to/from the East along Rancho California • 5 percent to/from the West along Rancho California • 15 percent to/from the North along Diaz Road and Winchester Road • 3 percent to/from the East on Santiago Road • 5 percent to/from the Old Town/Front Street areas Trip generation volumes were applied to trip distribution percentages to obtain the volume of project trips assigned to study area roadways and intersections. The assignment of trips are shown on figures within the TIA (Appendix I). Total project trips described above were added to Existing Conditions volumes to develop Existing Plus Project volumes. Intersection Operations The intersection LOS results are summarized in Table 3.13-8 for Existing Plus Project Conditions, and Table 3.13-9 compares the changes in delay and LOS between Existing Conditions and Existing Plus Project Conditions at intersections that operate at LOS E or worse. Lane configurations and peak hour traffic volumes at study intersections for Existing Plus Project Conditions information can be found in the TIA (Appendix I). The results of the LOS calculations indicate that the majority of the study intersections will operate at an acceptable level of service according to their designated LOS standard. However, under Existing Plus Project Conditions, the project would have a significant impact at seven intersections, as described below. 2 The select zone analysis represents a project-only traffic model run, where the project’s trips are distributed and assigned to the model roadway network. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic TABLE 3.13-8 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE – EXISTING (2015) PLUS PROJECT CONDITIONS Intersection Traffic Control1 AM Peak PM Peak Delay LOS Delay LOS 1. Vincent Moraga Dr./Diaz Rd. & Rancho California Rd. Signal 29.4 C 43.8 D 2. Jefferson Avenue & Rancho California Road Signal 61.1 E 100.1 F 3. I-15 Southbound & Rancho California Road Signal 29.4 C 32.2 C 4. I-15 Northbound & Rancho California Road Signal 9.8 A 24.6 C 5. Ynez Road & Rancho California Road Signal 39.9 D 80.8 F 6. Vincent Moraga Drive & Ridge Park Drive2 SSSC 19.7 C 30.9 D 7. A Street & Western Bypass2 Signal 8.8 A 9.0 A 8. Calle Cerillo & Western Bypass2 Signal 21.0 C 8.8 A 9. Old Town Front Street & Temecula Parkway Signal 10.0 B 19.0 B 10. I-15 Northbound & Temecula Parkway Signal 19.2 B 113.5 F 11. La Paz Road & Temecula Parkway Signal 17.6 B 24.9 C 12. Pechanga Parkway & Temecula Parkway Signal 23.2 C 31.5 C 13. Pechanga Parkway & Rainbow Canyon Signal 15.4 B 102.0 F 14. Margarita Road & Temecula Parkway Signal 104.6 F 72.7 E 15. Pujol Street & First Street SSSC 12.6 B 61.4 F 16. Old Town Front Street & First Street/Santiago Road Signal 16.1 B 22.3 C 17. Ynez Road & Santiago Road Signal 27.7 C 58.0 E 18. Business Park Drive & Rancho California Road Signal 17.2 B 33.1 C 19. Diaz Road & Rancho Way Signal 8.8 A 10.0 B 20. Diaz Road & Winchester Road Signal 24.8 C 42.2 D 21. Jefferson Avenue & Winchester Road Signal 35.6 D 54.6 D 22. I-15 Southbound & Winchester Road Signal 14.1 B 12.0 B 23. I-15 Northbound & Winchester Road Signal 13.4 B 12.5 B 24. Ynez Road & Winchester Road Signal 30.2 C 49.8 D 25. I-15 Southbound & Temecula Parkway Signal 99.8 F 97.3 F 1. SSSC = Side=Street Stop=Controlled 2. Intersections that do not currently exist, but would be created when the project constructs the Western Bypass. 3. Intersections operating below acceptable standards are noted in bold. SOURCE: Fehr & Peers, 2015 Altair Specific Plan 3.13-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic TABLE 3.13-9 COMPARISON OF EXISTING VS. EXISTING PLUS PROJECT (change in vehicle delay vs. allowable) Intersection Traffic Control1 With Project LOS AM (PM) Allowable Δ Delay AM (PM) No Project AM (PM) With Project AM (PM) Δ Delay AM (PM) 2. Jefferson Avenue & Rancho California Road Signal E (F) <2.0 (<2.0) 85.4 (70.7) 61.1 (100.1) -24.3 (29.4) 5. Ynez Road & Rancho California Road Signal D (F) -- (<2.0) -- (48.4) -- (80.8) -- (32.4) 10. I-15 Northbound Ramps & Temecula Parkway Signal B (F) -- (<2.0) -- (41.4) -- (113.5) -- (72.1) 13. Pechanga Parkway & Rainbow Canyon Rd. Signal B (F) -- (<2.0) -- 101.0 -- 102.0 -- (1.0)3 14. Margarita Road & Temecula Parkway Signal F (E) <2.0 (<2.0) 88.7 (52.5) 104.6 (72.7) 15.9 (20.2) 15. Pujol Street & First Street SSSC B (F) -- (<2.0) -- (41.0) -- (61.4) -- (20.4) 17. Ynez Road & Santiago Drive Signal C (E) -- (<2.0) -- (48.4) -- (58.0) -- (9.6) 25. I-15 Southbound Ramps & Temecula Parkway Signal F (F) -<2.0 (<2.0) 41.1 35.5 99.8 (97.3) 58.7 (61.8) 1. SSSC = Side-Street Stop Control 2. Bold-italicized type indicates significant project impact. 3. No project impact at Intersection #13 as the addition of Project traffic does not increase delay by more than 2 seconds. SOURCE: Fehr & Peers, 2015 Table 3.13-9 compares the change in delay and LOS between “Existing” and “Existing Plus Project scenarios for intersections operating at an unacceptable LOS E of F. As shown in this table, the project would not result in an increase in delay of 2.0 seconds or more at the Pechanga Parkway and Rainbow Canyon Road intersection that already operates at an unacceptable LOS F under Existing Conditions. This intersection would continue to operate at LOS F during the PM peak hour with delay increasing by 1.0 second under Existing Plus Project Conditions. Because the project would increase delay by less than two seconds, the result would be a less-than-significant impact. Impact TRA-1: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the average delay at Jefferson Avenue/ Old Town Front Street and Rancho California Road (Intersection #2) to degrade from an unacceptable LOS E to LOS F and would increase delay by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance during the PM peak hour. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Altair Specific Plan 3.13-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-1: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for system-wide signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Since Rancho California Road and Jefferson Avenue operate on an Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Program, the developer shall be responsible for system-wide optimization along both corridors to mitigate impacts. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant This mitigation will improve PM peak-hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Impact TRA-2: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the level of service at Ynez Road and Rancho California Road (Intersection #5) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS E during the PM peak hour. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-2: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for system-wide signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Since Rancho California Road and Ynez Road operate on an Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Program, the developer shall be responsible for system-wide optimization along both corridors to mitigate impacts. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant This mitigation will improve PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Impact TRA-3: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the level of service at I-15 Northbound Ramps and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #10) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS F during the PM peak hour. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-3: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) at the intersection of I-15 Northbound Ramps and Temecula Parkway to proportion more time to the heavier traffic volumes, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. The project proponent/developer shall coordinate implementation of this improvement with Caltrans. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant This mitigation will improve PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS B, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Impact TRA-4: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the average delay at Margarita Road and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #14) to increase by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS F conditions, during the AM peak hour, and would cause the PM peak-hour level of service to degrade from an acceptable LOS D to an unacceptable LOS E. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-4: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for system-wide signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Since Margarita Road and Temecula Parkway operate an Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Program, the developer shall be responsible for system-wide optimization along both corridors to mitigate impacts. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant This mitigation will improve AM and PM peak-hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Impact TRA-5: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the level of service for the westbound First Street approach at unsignalized Pujol Street and First Street (Intersection #15) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D to an unacceptable LOS F during the PM peak hour. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-5: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall install stop signs on the Pujol Street approaches at the intersection of Pujol Street and First Street, converting the intersection from side-street stop- control to all-way stop control. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant This mitigation will improve PM peak-hour operations to an acceptable LOS B, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Per the TIA (Appendix I of this DEIR), the intersection would not meet the peak hour signal warrant under the AM or PM peak hour condition. Impact TRA-6: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the average delay at Ynez Road and Santiago Road (Intersection #17) to increase by more than the 2.0 second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS E conditions, during the PM peak hour. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-6: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 2, the project proponent/developer shall install or provide funding for one additional exclusive Altair Specific Plan 3.13-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic eastbound left turn lane and signal timing optimization (phase timings and cycle length) at the intersection of Ynez Road and Santiago Road, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant This mitigation will improve PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level Impact TRA-7: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the level of service at the existing I- 15 Southbound Ramps and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #25) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS F during the AM and PM peak hours. It is acknowledged under the Existing Plus Project scenario that a Capital Improvement Project (CIP) by the City of Temecula, entitled “I-15 / SR 79 South (Temecula Parkway) Ultimate Interchange”, has been permitted and fully funded and is scheduled to start construction in Fiscal Year 2015-2016, well ahead of the first building permit being issued for the project. The intersection is within Caltrans’ jurisdiction and requires Caltrans approval. Scheduled improvements to this intersection will remove this intersection; replacing it with a reconfigured intersection of Old Town Front Street and Temecula Parkway to accommodate a southbound loop off-ramp and southbound on-ramp for I-15.These improvements would reduce project impacts at this intersection to below a level of significance. However, the schedule for the improvements is outside the control of the City of Temecula, and it cannot be guaranteed that the improvements will be completed prior to the issuance of any certificate of occupancy for the project. Based on this information, and to exercise a conservative approach to impact assessment, it is possible that there could be a significant impact at this intersection. There is no feasible mitigation to reduce this potential impact to less than significant. Significance Determination: Significant and unavoidable Roadway Segment Operations The roadway segment LOS results are summarized in Table 3.13-10 for weekday conditions under the Existing Plus Project scenario. As shown in the table, all of the study roadway segments would operate acceptably at LOS E or better, and impacts would be less than significant. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic TABLE 3.13-10 ROADWAY SEGMENT LEVEL OF SERVICE – EXISTING PLUS PROJECT CONDITIONS Roadway From To Classification Capacity ADT1 LOS2 1. Rancho California Rd Diaz Road Old Town Front St Principal Arterial 54,000 18,619 E or Better 2. Vincent Moraga Dr Rancho California Rd Ridge Park Dr Major Arterial 36,000 8,528 E or Better 3. Western Bypass A Street Pujol Street Major Arterial 36,000 5,903 E or Better 4. Western Bypass Pujol Street Old Town Front St Major Arterial 36,000 12,085 E or Better 5. Temecula Pkwy La Paz Road Wabash Lane Urban Arterial 72,200 70,113 E or Better 6. Temecula Pkwy Pechanga Pkwy Margarita Road Principal Arterial 54,000 44,500 E or Better 7. Diaz Rd Rancho California Rd Via Montezuma Rd Major Arterial 36,000 10,561 E or Better 8. Rancho California Rd I-15 Ynez Road Urban Arterial 72,200 58,842 E or Better 9. Diaz Rd Via Montezuma Rd Winchester Road Major Arterial 36,000 15,599 E or Better 10. Winchester Rd Diaz Road Jefferson Ave Major Arterial 36,000 28,614 E or Better 11. Winchester Rd I-15 Ynez Road Urban Arterial 72,200 67,106 E or Better 1. ADT = Average Daily Traffic volume. 2. Capacities (maximum ADT) represents LOS E thresholds. SOURCES: City of Temecula General Plan, 2005. Fehr & Peers, 2015 Cumulative (2025) Traffic Conditions Existing traffic is expected to increase about 2 percent per year between year 2015 and year 2025 as a result of general area-wide and regional growth and development. In addition to the ambient growth, 2025 Baseline Traffic Volumes include estimated traffic generated by related projects (see Appendix F in the TIA) expected to be implemented in the vicinity of the project study area prior to 2025. Trip generation estimates for the related projects were calculated using a combination of previous studies and trip generation rates contained in the Trip Generation Manual, 9th Edition (ITE, 2010). The related projects are forecast to generate a combined total of about 24,388 daily trips, with 2,961 AM peak-hour trips and 1,673 PM peak-hour trips. Trips generated from the project were added to the year 2025 baseline traffic volumes to develop traffic volumes for Cumulative (2025) plus Project Conditions. Planned Roadway Improvements Cumulative (2025) conditions assumed construction of the I-15/Temecula Parkway intersection reconfiguration project (slated to start during Fiscal Year 2014-15), which will remove the existing southbound I-15 freeway ramps at Temecula Parkway, and reconfigure the intersection of Old Town Front Street and Temecula Parkway to accommodate southbound on- and off-ramps for I-15. The improved intersection of Old Town/Front Street/I-15 Southbound and Temecula Parkway will have the following lane configurations: Northbound Approach (I-15 On-/Off-Ramps): one left, one through, one shared through- right, and one channelized free right turn lane Altair Specific Plan 3.13-21 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Southbound Approach (Old Town /Front Street): one left, one through, and one shared through-right Eastbound Approach (Western Bypass): one left, one through, and one shared through- right Westbound Approach (Temecula Parkway): two lefts, two through lanes, and one right turn lane Intersection Operations Analysis Level of service calculations were conducted for the study intersections to evaluate their operations under Cumulative (2025) conditions without and with project traffic for the weekday AM and PM peak hours. Signal timing plans were optimized using engineering judgment as well as the Synchro 8 software to reflect the likelihood that in the future, existing timings will be changed to accommodate substantially different traffic volumes and conditions. The intersection analysis results are summarized in Table 3.13-11, which indicates that the majority of the study intersections will operate at acceptable levels of service according to their designated LOS standard.3 However, under Cumulative (2025) plus Project Conditions, the project would have a significant impact at five intersections, as described below. Development of the Specific Plan will cause the Cumulative (2025) level of service for the westbound First Street approach at unsignalized Pujol Street and First Street (Intersection #15) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS F during both the AM and PM peak hours. However, implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-5 would result in a less than significant impact. This mitigation will improve PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS C, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. It is noted that the intersection would not meet the peak hour signal warrant under the AM or PM peak hour condition. Development of the Specific Plan will cause the Cumulative (2025) average delay at Ynez Road and Santiago Road (Intersection #17) to increase by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS E conditions, during the PM peak hour. However, implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-6 would result in a less than significant impact. This mitigation will improve PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. 3 It should be noted that operating LOS at several study intersections would improve with implementation of the project due to the construction of the Western Bypass. The bypass would provide an alternative north/south route for trips that currently are required to travel through Old Town on Pujol Street and Old Town Front Street. The decrease in traffic on these corridors resulted in improved LOS operations at several study intersections. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-22 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic TABLE 3.13-11 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE – CUMULATIVE (2025) CONDITIONS Intersection Traffic Control1 Cumulative (2025) without Project Cumulative (2025) with Project AM Peak PM Peak AM Peak PM Peak Delay LOS Delay LOS Delay LOS Delay LOS 1. Vincent Moraga/Diaz & Rancho California Signal 25.9 C 46.6 D 29.2 C 46.2 D 2. Jefferson /Old Town Front St. & Rancho California Signal 51.6 D 49.8 D 50.3 D 49.0 D 3. I-15 Southbound & Rancho California Signal 29.7 C 30.3 C 31.4 C 34.4 C 4. I-15 Northbound & Rancho California Signal 9.0 A 17.5 B 9.1 A 18.6 B 5. Ynez Road & Rancho California Signal 41.8 D 53.0 D 46.8 D 56.4 E 6. Vincent Moraga & Ridge Park2 SSSC Would Not Exist without Project 27.5 D 32.0 D 7. A Street & Western Bypass2 Signal Would Not Exist without Project 9.2 A 9.2 A 8. Project Road & Western Bypass2 Signal Would Not Exist without Project 21.2 C 9.2 A 9. Old Town Front.I-15 SB & Temecula Pkwy Signal 28.5 C 44.8 D 53.7 D 52.8 D 10. I-15 Northbound & Temecula Pkwy Signal 39.1 D 34.2 C 23.3 C 30.3 C 11. La Paz Road & Temecula Pkwy Signal 59.8 E 68.4 E 68.8 E 92.7 F 12. Pechanga Pkwy & Temecula Pkwy Signal 29.9 C 34.0 C 32.2 C 34.7 C 13. Pechanga Pkwy & Rainbow Canyon Signal 30.4 C 176.9 F 31.9 C 178.0 F 14. Margarita Road & Temecula Parkway Signal 50.7 D 54.0 D 55.1 E 58.2 E 15. Pujol Street & First Street SSSC 13.7 B 101.1 F 22.1 C >200 F 16. Old Town Front & First/Santiago Signal 17.0 B 27.6 C 16.4 B 25.0 C 17. Ynez Road & Santiago Road Signal 28.8 C 63.0 E 34.0 C 72.5 E 18. Business Park & Rancho California Signal 14.6 B 31.3 C 20.3 C 32.1 C 19. Diaz Road & Rancho Way Signal 8.2 A 9.6 A 9.2 A 10.3 B 20. Diaz Road & Winchester Road Signal 24.0 C 43.7 D 24.6 C 42.0 D 21. Jefferson Avenue & Winchester Road Signal 47.0 D 45.0 D 47.2 D 43.0 D 22. I-15 Southbound & Winchester Road Signal 13.1 B 16.6 B 13.3 B 17.1 B 23. I-15 Northbound & Winchester Road Signal 11.1 B 14.0 B 11.2 B 14.1 B 24. Ynez Road & Winchester Road Signal 37.1 D 37.9 D 37.3 D 37.9 D 1. SSSC = Side-Street Stop-Controlled 2. Intersections that do not currently exist, but would be created when the project constructs the Western Bypass. 3. Intersections operating below acceptable standards are noted in bold; shaded-bold signifies significant impact. SOURCE: Fehr & Peers, 2015 Altair Specific Plan 3.13-23 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Impact TRA-8: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the Cumulative (2025) level of service at Ynez Road and Rancho California Road (Intersection #5) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D to an unacceptable LOS F during the PM peak hour. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-8: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 20 percent of the cost for the construction of one additional exclusive right turn lane for eastbound Rancho California Road at Ynez Road for acquisition of right-of-way, and modification of existing traffic signal facilities at the intersection. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant This mitigation will improve PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Impact TRA-9: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the Cumulative (2025) average delay at La Paz Road and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #11) to increase by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS E conditions, during the AM peak hour, and would cause the PM peak-hour level of service to degrade from an unacceptable LOS E to an unacceptable LOS F. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-9: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 20 percent of the cost for the construction of a fourth through lane for eastbound and westbound Temecula Parkway at La Paz Road, for acquisition of right-of-way, and modification of existing traffic signal facilities at the intersection. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant This mitigation will improve AM and PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Impact TRA-10: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the Cumulative (2025) level of service at Margarita Road and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #14) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS E during both the AM and PM peak hours. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-10: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 15 percent of the cost for the construction of an exclusive right turn for westbound Temecula Parkway at Margarita Road, for the acquisition of right-of-way, and modification of existing traffic signal facilities at the intersection. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.13-24 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic This mitigation will improve AM and PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Roadway Segment Operations The roadway segment LOS results are summarized in Table 3.13-12 for weekday conditions under the Cumulative (2025) without and with project scenarios. As shown in the table, all of the study roadway segments would operate acceptably at LOS E or better, and impacts would be less than significant. TABLE 3.13-12 ROADWAY SEGMENT LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS) – CUMULATIVE (2025) CONDITIONS Roadway From To Classification Capacity No Project ADT Plus Project ADT1 LOS2 1. Rancho California Diaz Road Old Town Front Principal Arterial 54,000 15,880 19,793 E or Better 2. Vincent Moraga Rancho California Ridge Park Dr Major Arterial 36,000 1,288 10,584 E or Better 3. Western Bypass A Street Pujol Street Major Arterial 36,000 N/A3 13,023 E or Better 4. Western Bypass Pujol Street Old Town Front Major Arterial 36,000 3,122 22,996 E or Better 5. Temecula Pkwy La Paz Road Wabash Lane Urban Arterial 72,200 68,670 72,133 E or Better 6. Temecula Pkwy Pechanga Margarita Principal Arterial 54,000 46,340 48,931 E or Better 7. Diaz Rd Rancho California Via Montezuma Major Arterial 36,000 14,510 17,414 E or Better 8. Rancho California I-15 Ynez Road Urban Arterial 72,200 65,554 67,852 E or Better 9. Diaz Rd Via Montezuma Winchester Rd Major Arterial 36,000 17,985 20,889 E or Better 10. Winchester Diaz Road Jefferson Ave Major Arterial 36,000 24,120 25,275 E or Better 11. Winchester I-15 Ynez Road Urban Arterial 72,200 67,450 68,604 E or Better 1. ADT = Average Daily Traffic volume. 2. Capacities (maximum ADT) represents LOS E thresholds. 3. Segment 3 of the Western Bypass to be constructed under Plus Project Conditions only. SOURCES: City of Temecula General Plan, 2005. Fehr & Peers, 2015 General Plan Build Out (2035) Traffic Conditions General Plan Build Out (2035) conditions are defined as traffic conditions that are forecast to occur based upon the City of Temecula’s General Plan year 2035 build out assumptions. The Riverside County Travel Analysis Model (RIVTAM) was used to evaluate growth within the City of Temecula and the region. RIVTAM utilizes inputs such as land use, travel behavior, and roadway network characteristics (number of lanes, speed, etc.) to estimate traffic demand on area roadways. The model is calibrated specifically to evaluate conditions in Riverside County and meets state and federal guidelines for model calibration. Planned Roadway Improvements General Plan Build Out (2035) Conditions assumed the following future improvements within the Specific Plan area and surrounding roadway network: • Removing existing southbound I-15 freeway ramps at Temecula Parkway and reconfiguring the intersection of Old Town Front Street/Temecula Parkway to accommodate a southbound loop off-ramp and southbound on-ramp for I-15. The improved intersection will have the following lane configurations: one left, one through, one through-right shared, and one channelized free right turn lane in the northbound Altair Specific Plan 3.13-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic direction; one left, one through, and one through-right shared in the southbound direction, one left, one through, and one through-right shared in the eastbound direction; and two lefts, two through lanes, and one right turn lane in the westbound direction. This alternative also assumes Temecula Parkway to provide four lanes in each direction between I-15 and Pechanga Parkway. Caltrans projects a completion date between 2025 and 2035. • A roadway extension of Avenida De Missiones from Via Rio Temecula to Loma Linda Road at Via Del Coronado, which is modeled as a two-lane undivided Collector. This extension is designated in the City of Temecula General Plan Circulation Element and is estimated to be completed by 2035. • The addition of the Eastern Bypass. The Eastern Bypass will run from Winchester Road and run along the southern boundary of the City via Butterfield Stage Road looping west towards the I-15 where the construction of ramps is proposed. The SCAG 2012-2035 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) identifies a completion date of 2030. • The addition of French Valley Parkway, which will connect Date Street, over I-15, to Cherry Street at Jefferson Avenue as a six lane, divided Principal Arterial. • The extension of Temecula Parkway/Western Bypass Corridor from the intersection at Old Town Front Street/Western Bypass to Vincent Moraga Drive/Diaz Road/Date Street. This extension is designated in the City of Temecula General Plan Circulation Element as a four-lane divided Major Arterial and is estimated to be completed by 2035. • The extension of Overland Drive from Commerce Center Drive to Diaz Road to connect with Avenida Alvarado. Overland Drive is modeled as a four-lane, undivided Secondary Arterial between Ynez Road and Diaz Road; and Avenida Alvarado is modeled as a two- lane, undivided Collector. The SCAG 2012-2035 (RTP/SCS) identifies a completion date of 2018. • The extension of Murrieta Hot Springs Road, as a six-lane, divided Arterial, from Jefferson Avenue to Adams Avenue, connecting with Hawthorn Street. This extension is designated in the City of Murrieta General Plan Circulation Element and is estimated to be completed by 2035. • The extension of Diaz Road from Rancho California Road to Cherry Street. The extension is currently designated as a four lane divided major arterial and is estimated to be completed by 2035. Intersection Operations Analysis Level of Service calculations were conducted for the study intersections to evaluate their operations under General Plan Build Out (2035) conditions without and with project traffic for the weekday AM and PM peak hours. Signal timing plans were optimized using engineering judgment as well as the Synchro 8 software to reflect the likelihood that, in the future, existing timings will be changed to accommodate substantially different traffic volumes and conditions. The intersection analysis results are summarized in Table 3.13-13, which indicates that the majority of the study intersections will operate at acceptable levels of service according to their Altair Specific Plan 3.13-26 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic designated LOS standard. However, under General Plan Build Out (2035) plus Project Conditions, the project would exacerbate unacceptable intersections operations at four of the intersections operating unacceptably under General Plan Build Out (2035) No Project Conditions, which is considered a significant impact at those four intersections, as described below. Development of the Specific Plan would cause the General Plan Build Out (2035) delay to increase the AM and PM peak hour delay at Margarita Road and Temecula Parkway (Intersection #14) by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS E and F conditions, respectively. However, implementation of Mitigation Measure MM- TRA-10 would improve AM and PM peak hour operations to an acceptable LOS D, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Impact TRA-11: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the General Plan Build Out (2035) level of service at Ynez Road and Rancho California Road (Intersection #5) to degrade during the AM peak hour. The project will cause the average delay to increase by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance at an unacceptable LOS of E. The addition of an exclusive eastbound right turn lane as identified under Cumulative Plus Project conditions and the construction of one additional northbound left turn lane would improve intersection operations to an acceptable LOS D. This mitigation will require widening of the roadway however all four quadrants of this intersection are developed and there is limited right- of-way surrounding the intersection. The additional northbound left turn lane improvement would encroach into the adjacent pond/park on the southeast quadrant and would be infeasible to construct. Given the right-of-way constraints at this location, there is no feasible mitigation. Therefore, this impact is considered significant and unavoidable. Significance Determination: Significant and unavoidable Altair Specific Plan 3.13-27 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic TABLE 3.13-13 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE – GENERAL PLAN BUILD OUT (2035) CONDITIONS Intersection Traffic Control1 General Plan Build Out (2035) without Project General Plan Build Out (2035) with Project AM Peak PM Peak AM Peak PM Peak Delay LOS Delay LOS Delay LOS Delay LOS 1. Vincent Moraga/Diaz & Rancho California Signal 36.0 D 56.3 E 26.3 C 45.2 D 2. Jefferson / Old Town Front St. & Rancho California Signal 24.7 C 50.2 D 26.7 C 53.2 D 3. I-15 Southbound & Rancho California Signal 36.8 D 41.2 D 37.0 D 54.8 D 4. I-15 Northbound & Rancho California Signal 10.2 B 25.7 C 10.5 B 26.9 C 5. Ynez Road & Rancho California Signal 51.7 D 70.3 E 57.0 E 67.1 E 6. Vincent Moraga & Ridge Park SSSC 22.4 C 155.7 F 179.1 F >2002 F 7. A Street & Western Bypass3 Signal 6.5 A 4.3 A 42.7 D 30.3 C 8. Project Road & Western Bypass3 Signal 11.0 B 17.9 B 30.0 C 14.8 B 9. Old Town Front/I-15 SB & Temecula Pkwy Signal 26.3 C 42.1 D 50.2 D 54.1 D 10. I-15 Northbound & Temecula Pkwy Signal 19.6 B 25.5 C 27.2 C 33.0 C 11. La Paz Road & Temecula Pkwy Signal 28.2 C 23.8 C 33.7 C 25.5 C 12. Pechanga Pkwy & Temecula Pkwy Signal 18.6 B 14.9 B 19.3 B 14.8 B 13. Pechanga Pkwy & Rainbow Canyon Signal 4.9 A 11.3 B 5.0 A 11.1 B 14. Margarita Road & Temecula Parkway Signal 68.4 E 93.6 F 76.2 E 101.6 F 15. Pujol Street & First Street SSSC 17.5 C >2002 F 22.1 C >2002 F 16. Old Town Front & First/Santiago Signal 17.7 B 23.8 C 18.0 B 25.1 C 17. Ynez Road & Santiago Road Signal 25.5 C 41.8 D 25.9 C 42.4 D 18. Business Park & Rancho California Signal 15.3 B 31.9 C 15.6 B 32.7 C 19. Diaz Road & Rancho Way Signal 23.0 C 20.8 C 24.9 C 23.0 C 20. Diaz Road & Winchester Road Signal 20.7 C 37.5 D 21.5 C 40.1 D 21. Jefferson Avenue & Winchester Road Signal 43.9 D 48.5 D 45.4 D 48.4 D 22. I-15 Southbound & Winchester Road Signal 13.8 B 19.6 B 13.6 B 17.6 B 23. I-15 Northbound & Winchester Road Signal 11.3 B 18.4 A 11.3 B 9.4 A 24. Ynez Road & Winchester Road Signal 40.4 D 50.5 D 41.2 D 52.0 D 1. SSSC = Side-Street Stop-Controlled 2. Delay in excess of 200 seconds indicates overflow conditions 3. Intersections that do not currently exist, but would be created when the project constructs the Western Bypass. 4. Intersections operating below acceptable standards are noted in bold; shaded-bold signifies significant impact. SOURCE: Fehr & Peers, 2015 Altair Specific Plan 3.13-28 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Impact TRA-12: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the General Plan Build Out (2035) level of service for the eastbound Ridge Park Drive approach at unsignalized Vincent Moraga Drive and Ridge Park Drive (Intersection #6) to degrade from an acceptable LOS C to an unacceptable LOS F during the AM peak hour, and to increase the PM peak-hour delay by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance, within unacceptable LOS F conditions. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-12: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 43 percent of the cost to construct improvements at the west Ridge Park Drive leg to allow for right-in / right-out turn movements only at the intersection of Vincent Moraga Drive and Ridge Park Drive, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. This improvement would prohibit vehicles from making northbound left and westbound left turning movements at the intersection. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Impact TRA-13: Development of the Specific Plan will cause the General Plan Build Out (2035) level of service for the westbound First Street approach at unsignalized Pujol Street and First Street (Intersection #15) to degrade from an acceptable LOS D or better to an unacceptable LOS F during the PM peak hour. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-13: Prior to the issuance of the first building permit in Phase 3, the project proponent/developer shall contribute 17 percent of the cost to install traffic signals at the intersection of Pujol Street and First Street. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant The intersection would meet the peak hour signal warrant under AM and PM peak hour conditions. This mitigation will improve PM peak-hour operations to an acceptable LOS C, reducing the project impact at this intersection to a less than significant level. Roadway Segment Operations The roadway segment LOS results are summarized in Table 3.13-14 for weekday conditions under the General Plan Buildout (2035) without and with project scenarios. As shown in the table, all of the study roadway segments would operate acceptably at LOS E or better, except the following: • Temecula Parkway between La Paz Road and Wabash Lane. Development of the Specific Plan will exacerbate an unacceptable LOS F condition on Temecula Parkway between La Paz Road and Wabash Lane under General Plan Build Out (2035) conditions. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-29 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic This roadway segment analysis assumed Temecula Parkway to be constructed to its General Plan build out condition as an 8-lane urban arterial. Even as an 8-lane urban arterial the roadway would operate at a LOS F under General Plan (2035) conditions, both without and with the addition of Project traffic. Additional widening of Temecula Parkway is infeasible due to limited right-of-way. Although the ratio of volume to capacity methodology can effectively identify potential capacity issues, roadway segment operations are typically defined by the operations of signalized intersections when ADT exceeds LOS D thresholds. This standard guideline is best described in the roadway/arterial LOS methodology contained in the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board, 2010). Intersections #11 (La Paz Road and Temecula Parkway) and #12 (Pechanga Parkway and Rainbow Canyon Road) are forecast to operate at acceptable LOS under General Plan Buildout (2035) Plus Project conditions. The acceptable operating conditions indicate that the roadway segment capacity would be sufficient to maintain acceptable roadway operations without adding additional lanes on Temecula Parkway. Based on the intersection LOS along the corridor, the Project would result in a less than significant impact at the roadway segment of Temecula Parkway between La Paz Road and Wabash Lane. TABLE 3.13-14 ROADWAY SEGMENT LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS) – GENERAL PLAN BUILD OUT (2035) CONDITIONS Roadway From To Classification Capacity No Project ADT Plus Project ADT1 LOS2 1. Rancho California Diaz Road Old Town Front Principal Arterial 54,000 17,150 21,063 E or Better 2. Vincent Moraga Rancho California Ridge Park Dr Major Arterial 36,000 20,006 27,550 E or Better 3. Western Bypass A Street Pujol Street Major Arterial 36,000 16,239 22,142 E or Better 4. Western Bypass Pujol Street Old Town Front Major Arterial 36,000 19,115 29,431 E or Better 5. Temecula Pkwy La Paz Road Wabash Lane Urban Arterial 72,200 76,517 79,980 F 6. Temecula Pkwy Pechanga Margarita Principal Arterial 54,000 51,320 53,821 E or Better 7. Diaz Rd Rancho California Via Montezuma Major Arterial 36,000 27,460 30,364 E or Better 8. Rancho California I-15 Ynez Road Urban Arterial 72,200 69,519 71,824 E or Better 9. Diaz Rd Via Montezuma Winchester Rd Major Arterial 36,000 19,211 22,155 E or Better 10. Winchester Diaz Road Jefferson Ave Major Arterial 36,000 26,190 27,345 E or Better 11. Winchester I-15 Ynez Road Urban Arterial 72,200 70,100 71,254 E or Better 1. ADT = Average Daily Traffic volume. 2. Capacities (maximum ADT) represent LOS E thresholds. 3. Roadway segments operating below acceptable standards are noted in bold; shaded-bold signifies significant impact. SOURCES: City of Temecula General Plan, 2005. Fehr & Peers, 2015 Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.13-30 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Project Construction Traffic Impact TRA-14: The proposed project may conflict with applicable plans and congestion management programs by resulting in temporary but prolonged adverse effects on intersection LOS during project construction. Construction of the proposed project would generate a variety of truck and employee trips during site grading and construction of the proposed Specific Plan. Since the magnitude of these trips during peak hours would be less than that of the proposed project, absolute impacts (in terms of delay and queuing) when compared to project operations would not be significant. However, construction staging and lane closures could cause adverse effects if not carefully planned. Thus, the proposed project could potentially cause a temporary but prolonged impact due to lane closures, need for temporary signals, traffic hazards to bikes/pedestrians, damage to roadbed, or truck traffic on roadways not designated as truck routes. For these reasons, impacts during construction are considered potentially significant. Significance Determination: Significant; mitigation required Mitigation Measure MM-TRA-14: Prior to the issuance of any grading permit or any permit that authorizes construction activities within the Specific Plan area, or at offsite locations for improvements associated with the Specific Plan, the project applicant(s) shall prepare a Construction Traffic Mitigation Plan(s) for review and approval by the City of Temecula as part of the permit application. The Construction Traffic Mitigation Plan(s) shall include measures to minimize the construction traffic volumes entering the roadway system (including local roads) during AM and PM peak hours. At a minimum, the Construction Traffic Mitigation Plan(s) shall include the following implementation measures:  Construction truck routes shall be prepared to designate principal haul routes for trucks delivering materials to and from the construction site.  Should a temporary road and/or lane closure be necessary during construction, the project applicant shall provide traffic control activities and personnel, as necessary, to minimize traffic impacts. This may include detour signage, cones, construction area signage, flagmen, and other measures as required for safe traffic handling in the construction zone.  The project applicant shall keep a minimum of one lane in each direction free from encumbrances at all times on perimeter roads accessing the project site. In the event a full road closure is required, the contractor shall coordinate with the City of Temecula and other affected jurisdictions (i.e., Caltrans, and/or County of Riverside) to designate proper detour routes and signage to appropriate proper access routes. Significance after Mitigation: Less than significant Conformance with Congestion Management Program The passage of Proposition 111 in June 1990 established a process for each metropolitan county in California, including Riverside County, to prepare a Congestion Management Plan (CMP). The CMP, which was prepared by the RCTC in consultation with the County and the cities in Altair Specific Plan 3.13-31 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.13 Transportation and Traffic Riverside County, is an effort to align land use, transportation, and air quality management efforts, to promote reasonable growth management programs that effectively use statewide transportation funds, while ensuring that new development pays its fair share of needed transportation improvements. The focus of the CMP is the development of an Enhanced Traffic Monitoring System in which real-time traffic count data can be accessed by RCTC to evaluate the condition of the Congestion Management System (CMS) as well as meet other monitoring requirements at the State and federal levels. Per the adopted level of service target of LOS E, when a CMS segment falls to LOS F, a deficiency plan is required. Preparation of a deficiency plan is the responsibility of the local agency where the deficiency is located. Other agencies identified as contributors to the deficiency will also be required to coordinate with the development of the plan. The plan must contain mitigation measures, including Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies and transit alternatives, and a schedule of mitigating the deficiency. To ensure that the CMS is appropriately monitored to reduce the occurrence of CMP deficiencies, it is the responsibility of local agencies, when reviewing and approving development proposals, to consider the traffic impacts on the CMS. The only CMP facility within the traffic study area is I-15. There are no CMP arterials or roadway segments within the project boundary. Altair Specific Plan 3.13-32 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment The purpose of this section is to analyze the effects the project would have on utilities. The analysis identifies and evaluates key utilities within the City of Temecula and provides a determination of the impacts that could occur from the development of the project. 3.14.1 Environmental Setting Water Service Water Supplier The Rancho California Water District (RCWD) currently provides water for urban and agricultural uses in the City of Temecula. The RCWD’s service area encompasses approximately 155 square miles and includes the City of Temecula, portions of the City of Murrieta, and unincorporated areas of southwestern Riverside County. The RCWD currently has 40,000 service connections with 940 miles of water mains, 36 storage reservoirs, one surface reservoir (Vail Lake), 47 groundwater wells (44 active wells), and provides water to approximately 134,000 people (RCWD, 2015a). RCWD water consists of local groundwater (33 percent), imported water (56 percent) and recycled water (11 percent). Groundwater supply is derived from wells that tap into the Murrieta- Temecula Groundwater Basin and from Vail Lake excess runoff released periodically for percolation into the groundwater basin. Imported water consists of State Water Project (SWP) and Colorado River water from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metropolitan) delivered through the Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) and Western Municipal Water District (WMWD). Highly treated wastewater (recycled water) is obtained from the Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility (SRWRF) and the Temecula Valley Water Reclamation Facility (TVRWRF). Well water and imported water are utilized for residential, commercial, landscape irrigation, and agricultural uses. Recycled water is used to irrigate golf courses and larger landscaped areas (RCWD, 2011). Table 3.14-1 summarizes RCWD’s current and projected water supplies. Water Demand In 2013, the approximate amount of total potable water demand in the RCWD service area was 68,000 acre-feet (AF) (RCWD, 2015b). Table 3.14-2 illustrates the average past and planned potable and nonpotable RCWD water demands by land use. Water demands within the area are expected to increase by almost 28,000 AF by 2041. According to RCWD estimates, the single- family residential sub-group currently does and will continue to account for the largest proportion of these demands (RCWD, 2015b); second highest demand would be agricultural uses. Several planning measures and programs have been implemented to ensure a reliable water supply in the future and to address unforeseen potential shortages caused by drought or emergency situations. On March 12, 2015, RCWD declared a Stage 4a Water Supply Warning, which requires mandatory reductions in outdoor irrigation and water use within its service area. This included mandatory water use efficiency requirements (RCWD, 2015b). RCWD’s 2007 Regional Altair Specific Plan 3.14-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment Integrated Water Resources Plan was prepared to assist RCWD in developing a long-term water supply strategy that can meet water demands from now until 2050 (RCWD, 2015b). TABLE 3.14-1 RCWD EXISTING AND PROJECTED WATER SUPPLIES (ACRE-FEET) Water Supply Sources 2015 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 Imported Water (MWD) Treated 43,859 45,727 52, 082 56,445 60,833 65,288 69,776 Untreated1 12,700 13,500 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 Untreated2 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 Local Groundwater Pumping 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 Recycled Water3 9,111 9,201 9,514 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 Vail Lake Release4 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Total Supplies 93,970 96,548 112,716 117,169 121,557 126,012 130,500 1 Used for groundwater recharge. 2 Used for flows to the Santa Margarita River under settlement agreement with Camp Pendleton. 3 Includes total capacity for the SRWRF (3,160 AFY in 2010, 3,440 AFY in 2015 and 4,000 AFY in 2020 and beyond) and total under agreement with EMWD from the TVRWRF (5,604 AFY or 5 MGD). As discussed in Section 4.3.3, RCWD is maximizing recycled water use based on current system capacity and access to the supply. RCWD is continuing work to increase capacity and supply access. 4 Vail Lake releases to the Valle de los Caballos spreading basins for groundwater recharge. SOURCE: RCWD, 2015b. As mentioned previously, imported water in RCWD is sourced from Metropolitan. Despite Metropolitan’s imported water supplies from the Colorado River and SWP being strained by drought and environmental restrictions, Metropolitan has evaluated the dependability of its supplies and has concluded that the combination of imported water and expanding local resource programs would ensure its service area‘s demands would be met in the future. Metropolitan adopted its Water Surplus and Drought Management (WSDM) Plan in 1998 that manages resources and programs to maximize utilization of wet year supplies and minimizes adverse impacts of water shortages to retail customers (RCWD, 2011). Historically, groundwater has supplied between 25 to 40 percent of the District’s total water supply and imported water has supplied between 60 to 70 percent. Wastewater is considered a reliable and drought-resistant water source and, if recycled, will reduce the RCWD’s reliance on potable water supplies. Recycled water has provided less than five percent of water supplied in the past; however, current and planned improvements will increase the use of recycled water. Steps being taken include implementing a Recycled Water Site Retrofit Program, installing a microfiltration/reverse osmosis facility to add 3,586 AFY of recycled water for groundwater recharge, and continuing negotiations with Eastern Municipal Water District for additional recycled water supplies (RCWD, 2015b). The District sold approximately 4,370 AFY of recycled water in 2010, through approximately 177 recycled water connections. Potential recycled water user categories that RCWD supports include landscape irrigation, industrial reuse, agricultural irrigation, and groundwater recharge. Currently, only imported water is used for groundwater recharge; recycled water for groundwater Altair Specific Plan 3.14-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment recharge is currently under discussion with area stakeholders and regulatory agencies and will be included in supply and demand projections once a commitment to the water supply is achieved (RCWD, 2015b). Metropolitan’s Seawater Desalination Program is considering five desalination projects by member agencies that (if constructed) could produce about 166,000 AFY. This additional source of water supply would provide greater water reliability for Southern California residents, including residents in the RCWD’s water service area (RCWD, 2015b). Water transfers and exchanges are a water management concept that helps to alleviate water shortages in the region and Santa Margarita Watershed. RCWD is currently developing an agreement for the installation of two emergency interconnections with EMWD to be operated during periods of system failure. Water is also provided by EMWD to RCWD on an annual basis for the wheeling of water to some of EMWD’s water customers (RCWD, 2015b). TABLE 3.14-2 EXISTING AND PROJECTED AVERAGE WATER DEMANDS IN THE RCWD (AFY)1 Year 2015 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 Single-Family Residential 35,672 36,629 40,479 43,600 46,667 48,484 48,964 Multi-Family Residential 2,306 2,618 3,708 4,364 5,167 5,593 5,824 Commercial, Institutional, Industrial 3,765 3,841 4,071 4,230 4,395 4,459 4,474 Landscape/Golf Courses 6,153 6,302 6,919 7,447 7,979 8,274 8,518 Agricultural 19,207 19,471 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Other2 677 694 762 820 878 906 917 Potable Demand 67,780 69,556 75,939 80,461 85,088 87,716 88,697 Recycled & Non- Domestic Demand 3 4,475 4,502 4,800 4,897 4,897 4,897 4,897 Sale of Water to Others 856 865 881 881 881 881 881 Groundwater Recharge with Imported Water 12,700 13,500 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 Santa Margarita River Discharge 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 Vail Lake Releases 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Unaccounted-for Water 3,278 3,671 3,904 4,133 4,374 4,594 4,815 TOTAL WATER USE 96,089 99,094 115,524 120,372 125,240 128,088 129,290 Wastewater Wastewater facilities for the City of Temecula are provided by Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) and RCWD. The EMWD has four service areas and operates five Regional Water Reclamation Facilities (RWRFs): Hemet-San Jacinto, Moreno Valley, Temecula Valley, Sun City, and Perris Valley. The Temecula Valley Regional Water Reclamation Facility is located within the central commercial area of Temecula. Altair Specific Plan 3.14-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment A portion of the City (primarily the Westside Business Centre area – west of Interstate 15) is within RCWD’s wastewater service area. Wastewater flows within this area are treated at RCWD’s Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility. The project area would be served by Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant. The Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant was constructed in 1989 and has the capacity to treat five million gallons of wastewater per day. The plant collects flow from areas within portions of RCWD’s service area, WMWD, and a portion of Elsinore Valley Water District. The plant uses a biological treatment process followed by chemical clarification, filtration and disinfection to prepare the water for reuse. Laboratory tests are conducted daily to ensure that the water meets the State’s standards for reclaimed water. RCWD’s reclaimed water customer’s use virtually all of the treated water In 2011, more than one billion gallons of water were treated and reused (RCWD, 2015b). Table 3.14-3 illustrates RCWD’s wastewater generation (average daily flow) by land use classifications. TABLE 3.14-3 RCWD’S WASTEWATER GENERATION BY LAND USE CLASSIFICATION Residential EDUs/ Unita GPD/ Capita Typical Unit Single-Family Residence 1.00 Parcel 250 Condominium 0.90 # of Units 225 Apartment 0.85 # of Units 213 Commercial/Industrial 1.65b 1,000 square feet 413 Institutional 0.20c 1,000 square feet 50 Other 1.00 1,000 square feet for first 1,000 square feet; 0.6 EDU for each 1,000 square feet thereafter 250;150 a For calculation of actual flow, the Equivalent Dwelling Units (EDU) per unit is used. One EDU equals 250 gallons per day. b The Sewer System Facility Requirements and Design Guidelines identify a wide range of commercial and industrial activities with varying levels of wastewater generation (average daily flow). The category used in this table is Shopping Center since it is a higher wastewater generation (average daily flow) than the other types of commercial and industrial activities listed, resulting in a more conservative estimate of wastewater generation (average daily flow) but within a reasonable range of what would be anticipated for this Project. The commercial and industrial activities wastewater generation (average daily flow) range from 0.07 to 14.0 with the majority of activities falling under 1.0 EDU. c Institutional uses include schools and churches and water use varies depending on the type of facilities (e.g., schools with showers or no showers). Schools with cafeteria and showers use 0.10 EDU per student. SOURCE: RCWD, 2014. Storm Drains The project site is situated at the base of the Santa Rosa foothills on the westerly side of the Temecula Valley. Storm water runoff from these foothills flows easterly across the project site and directly or indirectly into Murrieta Creek. Storm runoff is conveyed over the natural ground surface as sheet flow or in ravines towards the east (Chang Consultants, 2015). The runoff is collected by a series of existing storm drain facilities near the easterly property line (Chang Altair Specific Plan 3.14-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment Consultants, 2015). The facilities convey the site runoff easterly into the nearby Murrieta Creek (Chang Consultants, 2015). Solid Waste The City of Temecula contracts with CR&R Waste and Recycling Services for solid waste collection and disposal services. Household waste is transported to a processing center in Stanton, and commercial/industrial waste is transported to the Perris Transfer Station/Materials Recovery Facility (TS/MRF) (located at 1706 Goetz Road) (City of Temecula, 2005). At TS/MRFs, the solid waste is unloaded from collection vehicles and loaded onto larger long-distance transport vehicles for shipment to landfills or other treatment or disposal facilities (USEPA, 2012). The City of Temecula’s solid waste is hauled to both the El Sobrante and Badlands Landfills in Riverside County (City of Temecula, 2005). The closest landfill to the project area is the El Sobrante Landfill, located east of I-15 and Temescal Canyon Road at 10910 Dawson Canyon Road, 27 miles from the project site. As of 2009, the year for which the most recent information is available, the remaining capacity of this landfill was 145,530,000 tons with an estimated cease operation date of 2045. The daily disposal rate is 16,054 tons/day (CalRecycle, 2009a). The Badlands Landfill, located at 31125 Ironwood Avenue in Moreno Valley, is approximately 31 miles northeast from the project site. As of 2010, the year for which the most recent information is available, the remaining capacity of this landfill was 14,730,025 cubic yards with an estimated cease operation date of 2024. The daily disposal rate is 4,000 tons/day (CalRecycle, 2009b). The City provides curbside recycling services and green waste services. Recyclable materials are collected and transported to the Perris TS/MRF for processing. Garden materials are hauled to a separate facility for composting, and the remaining waste is hauled to the El Sobrante and Badlands Landfills (City of Temecula, 2005). The TS/MRF and the El Sobrante Landfill are open to the public for personal delivery; both accept electronic waste (e-waste) and appliances. 3.14.2 Regulatory Framework California Administrative Code The California Administrative Code (CAC) establishes efficiency standards for reducing water usage in new water fixtures. Title 24 CAC, Section 25352, addresses pipe insulation requirements, which reduce the amount of hot water used before reaching equipment and fixtures. Title 20 CAC, Section 1604, provides efficiency standards for water fixtures including lavatory faucets, showerheads, and sink faucets. California Urban Water Management Planning Act Section 10610 of the California Water Code establishes the Urban Water Management Planning Act. The Act states that every urban water service provider that serves 3,000 or more customers or supplies over 3,000 AF of water annually should prepare an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) every 5 years. The goal of an UWMP is to ensure the appropriate level of reliability in water service sufficient to meet the needs of customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry years. Altair Specific Plan 3.14-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment State Executive Order B-29-15 On April 1, 2015, the State issued Executive Order B-29-15 in response to severe drought conditions. The Order stated that the State Water Resources Control Board (Water Board) shall impose restrictions to achieve a statewide 25 percent reduction in potable urban water usage through February 28, 2016. These restrictions will require water suppliers to California's cities and towns to reduce usage as compared to the amount used in 2013. Strategies provided to achieve this include pricing incentives, water efficiency measures, use restrictions and enforcement against waste. The State ordered the Water Board to require that those areas with high per capita use achieve proportionally greater reductions than those with low use (State of California, 2015). The SWRCB announced their final urban water conservation tiers on July 15, 2015. There are nine separate tiers; each tier has a conservation standard ranging from a 4 percent decrease to a 36 percent decrease in water usage. RCWD is within the ninth tier, and therefore must meet a conservation standard of 36 percent (SWRCB, 2015). Section 15155 of the CEQA Guidelines Water Supply Assessment Section 15155 of the CEQA Guidelines was updated on July 27, 2007 to include the requirement to develop a Water Supply Assessment (WSA) per Senate Bill (SB) 610. A water supply assessment is required if: • The project would result in the construction of more than 500 residential units and/or require a water demand equivalent to a 500 dwelling unit project. • The project would include a commercial component that would employ more than 1,000 persons or having more than 250,000 square feet of floor space. • The project would include a hotel or motel, or both, having more than 500 rooms. • The proposed residential development would account for an increase of 10 percent or more in the number of the public water system’s existing service connections. A WSA has been prepared for this project and can be found in Appendix J. The WSA reflects the recently announced Executive Order B-29-15, as well as the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California’s (Metropolitan) current Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP). State Water Resources Control Board Statewide General Waste Discharge Requirements for Sanitary Sewer Systems The Statewide General Waste Discharge Requirements) for Sanitary Sewer Systems (SWRCB Order No 2006-0003-DWQ) applies to sanitary sewer systems that are greater than one mile long and collect or convey untreated or partially treated wastewater to a publicly owned treatment facility. The goal of Order No. 2006-0003 is to provide a consistent statewide approach for reducing Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs), accidental releases of untreated or partially treated wastewater from sanitary sewer systems, by requiring that: 1. In the event of an SSO, all feasible steps must be taken to control the released volume and prevent untreated wastewater from entering storm drains, creeks, etc. Altair Specific Plan 3.14-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment 2. If an SSO occurs, it must be reported to the SWRCB using an online reporting system developed by the SWRCB. 3. All publicly owned collection system agencies with more than one mile of sewer pipe in the State must develop a Sewer System Management Plan (SSMP), which must be updated every 5 years. The RCWD Board of Directors adopted RCWD’s first SSMP in March 2008. RCWD updated and adopted the SSMP in February 2013. Regional Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit In May of 2013, the SDRWQCB Regional Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit, or Fifth Term Permit (Order No. R9-2013-0001; National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) No. CAS0109266) was adopted and uniformly regulates all three counties within the San Diego Region to maximize efficiency. The Regional MS4 Permit focuses less on completing specific actions and more on reaching goals and desired outcomes towards the improvement of water quality. Riverside County Copermittees will become subject to the order following the expiration of the current MS4 Permit (Order No. R9-2010-0016) on November 10, 2015. The Regional MS4 Permit requires a minimum set of BMPs for all development projects (regardless of project type or size), during the planning process (i.e., prior to project approval and issuance of local permits), including unpaved roads and flood management projects. The Regional MS4 Permit also requires certain Low Impact Development (LID) Best Management Practices (BMPs) for all development projects, including conservation of natural areas and minimization of soil compaction (California Water Boards, 2015). In addition, the Regional MS4 Permit includes additional specific requirements for Priority Development Projects. Refer to Section 3.8.2, Regulatory Framework, for additional details regarding MS4 permit requirements. Rancho California Water District Water Shortage Contingency Plan The RCWD’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan was adopted in June of 2008 in accordance with California Water Code Section 10632, which states that water agencies must develop a contingency plan in the event of a drought, water supply reductions, failure of a water distribution system, or regulatory decisions reducing water supplies. The contingency plan must demonstrate the ability of an agency to meet demands under a supply shortage of up to 50 percent. RCWD’s defines five stages that correspond with various water use reductions depending on the severity of the water shortage (RCWD, 2015d). On February 18, 2015, the WMWD Board of Directors adopted an updated Water Shortage Contingency Plan in order to better coordinate with the 2011 water budget rate program, and now includes five shortage stages. Effective June 1, 2015, RCWD moved to Stage 4a, which is defined as an Extreme Water Supply Warning. This requires residential and landscape tier 2 water budgets to be reduced by 30 percent and agricultural and commercial customers tier 1 budgets to be reduced by 10 percent. RCWD is asking all customers to reduce outdoor water usage by 50 percent, prohibits the washing of personal vehicles at home and is continuing to suspend rolling water budgets. Further, RCWD will not approve any variances or adjustments for filling Altair Specific Plan 3.14-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment swimming pools, establishing or expanding landscape area, leaks not repaired within 48 hours, and existing outdoor water budgets (RCWD, 2015e). City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance The City of Temecula adopted the Stormwater and Urban Runoff Management and Discharge Controls Ordinance (TMC Title 8.28) with the purpose and intent of protecting the water quality of city watercourses, water bodies, groundwater, and wetlands in a manner pursuant to and consistent with the federal CWA to ensure the future health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the city by: • Regulating non-stormwater urban runoff to the storm drain system • Reducing pollutants in stormwater to the maximum extent practicable • Establish requirements for development projects for permanent water quality control measures • Establish requirements to reduce pollutant discharges from construction sites • Establish requirements to reduce pollutants in runoff from existing development • Prohibiting illicit connections and illegal discharges to the storm drain system New development and modifications to existing development is required to be designed to control pollutants in stormwater and urban runoff so as to prevent any deterioration of water quality that would impair subsequent or competing uses of the receiving waters. The City Engineer approves the BMPs that would be implemented to prevent deterioration and approves the manner of implementation. The ordinance requires a Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for all new development projects that meet the specified categories listed in the City of Temecula MS4 permit and modifications to existing development projects as defined in the MS4 permit. California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989 (AB 939) The California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989 (AB 939) redefined solid waste management in terms of both objectives and planning responsibilities for local jurisdictions and the State. The Act was adopted in an effort to reduce the volume and toxicity of solid waste that is land filled and incinerated by requiring local governments to prepare and implement plans to improve the management of waste resources. AB 939 required each of the cities and unincorporated portions of the counties to divert a minimum of 25 percent of the solid waste sent to landfills by 1995, and 50 percent by the year 2000. To attain goals for reductions in disposal, AB 939 established a planning hierarchy utilizing new integrated solid waste management practices. These practices include source reduction, recycling and composting, and environmentally safe landfill disposal and transformation. On October 6, 2011, Governor Brown signed AB 341, establishing a state policy goal that no less than 75 percent of solid waste generated be source reduced, recycled, or composted by 2020. AB 341 also requires all businesses generating four cubic yards or more of waste on a weekly basis, and multifamily properties with five or more units to recycle. Altair Specific Plan 3.14-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment Other state statutes pertaining to solid waste include compliance with the California Solid Waste Reuse and Recycling Act of 1991 (AB 1327), which requires adequate areas for collecting and loading recyclable materials within a project site. Temecula Municipal Code: Title 8, Chapter 8.20 Chapter 8.20 of Title 8 of the Temecula Municipal Code discusses various topics pertaining to waste management in the City of Temecula, including integrated waste management and collection details, fees and licenses, unlawful dumping, cleanup responsibility and violations. City of Temecula General Plan The City of Temecula General Plan establishes goals and policies related to utilities for areas within the city. The following General Plan goals and policies, within the Growth Management/Public Facilities Element, are relevant to the Project: Goal 6 A water and wastewater infrastructure system that supports development in the planning area. Policy 6.1 Require landowners to demonstrate that an available water supply and sewer treatment capacity exists or will be provided to serve proposed development, prior to issuance of building permits. Policy 6.2 Require landowners, prior to issuance of building permits, to demonstrate that adequate wastewater capacity exists to serve proposed development. Goal 8 A solid waste management system providing safe and efficient collection, transportation, recovery and disposal of waste. Policy 8.1 Coordinate with the County of Riverside to provide and expand solid waste collection, storage, transportation, recovery, and disposal services to meet the needs of the City. 3.14.3 Impact Assessment Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines impacts related to utilities issues may be considered potentially significant if the proposed project would: • Exceed wastewater treatment requirements of the applicable Regional Water Quality Control Board; • Require or result in the construction of new water or wastewater treatment facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects; • Have insufficient water supplies available to serve the project from existing entitlements and resources, or new or expanded entitlements are needed; Altair Specific Plan 3.14-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment • Require or result in the construction of new storm water drainage facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects; • Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it does not have adequate capacity to serve the project’s demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments; • Not be served by a landfill with sufficient permitted capacity to accommodate the project’s solid waste disposal needs; or • Not comply with federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste. Cumulative impacts from the proposed project are detailed in Chapter 4, Cumulative Impacts. Impacts Compliance with Regional Water Quality Control Board The project would introduce residential and commercial development into the area, which would increase the amount of wastewater produced within the area. Wastewater generated by the project would be treated at the Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant, operated by RCWD. RCWD has been issued its own NPDES Permit issued by the SDRWQCB for operation of the Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant. Wastewater treatment requirements for the facility are based on all applicable state and federal regulations and policies, including the NPDES Permit, and include limitations on effluent discharge and receiving water. In general, effluent discharge requirements include specifications for adequate disinfection treatment and limitations on radioactivity, pollutant concentrations, sediments, pH, temperature, and toxicity. Receiving water requirements include limitations related to temperature, sediments, pH, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform and other pollutant concentrations, water clarity and color, turbidity, and toxicity. The residential and commercial land uses proposed by the project would generally not discharge wastewater that contains harmful levels of toxins that are regulated by the RWQCB (such as large quantities of pesticides, herbicides, oil, grease, and other chemicals that are more typical in agricultural and industrial uses) and all effluent would comply with the wastewater treatment standards of the RWQCB. Furthermore, discussed in the Wastewater Treatment Facilities Expansion and Capacity Impact below, wastewater generated by the project would not exceed the existing capacity Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant. Therefore, the project would result in less than significant impacts related to the wastewater treatment requirements of the RWQCB. Significance Determination: Less than significant Wastewater Treatment Facilities Expansion and Capacity The project would generate new land uses where there would have otherwise been no development and would, therefore, result in an increased generation of wastewater flows from the project site. The type of housing that would occur on the project site would be mixed, ranging from medium to high density. RCWD developed wastewater flow projections for the service area at buildout using an average daily wastewater flow for each type of land use in Table 3.14-3 above (RCWD, April 2014). As outlined in Table 3.14-4, at the target development scenario for Altair Specific Plan 3.14-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment residential and commercial uses, the project is anticipated to generate a total estimated wastewater flow of approximately 487,336 gallons per day (gpd). This flow represents an increase over existing conditions. TABLE 3.14-4 ESTIMATED FUTURE WASTEWATER FLOWS Village Commercial (sf) Project Flows (gpd) Residential (du) Project Flows (gpd) Institutional (ac) Project Flows (gpd) A - - 280 70,000 - - B - - 220 55,000 - - C 7,000 2,891 665 166,250 - - D 15,000 6,195 160 40,000 - - E - - 115 28,750 - - F - - 180 45,000 - - G - - 130 32,500 - - South Parcel - - - - 551 22,500 Elementary School - - - - 7.12 18,250 Total 22,000 9,086 1,750 437,500 62.1 40,750 1 The South Parcel could be developed as an educational facility that may accommodate up to 5,000 students or an office/research and development campus and a maximum of 450,000 building square feet. 2 It is anticipated that the school would accommodate 600 to 730 students. 3 Based on a use of schools with cafeteria and showers with wastewater generation of 0.10 EDU or 25 gallons per student. SOURCE: RCWD, 2014. Project generated wastewater flows would be transported via a proposed network of onsite and offsite gravity pipes and interconnections with existing offsite lift stations via force mains and gravity pipes, to the nearby Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant operated by RCWD. The proposed offsite sanitary sewer system is ultimately connected to the existing Diaz Lift Station adjacent to Diaz Road northerly of the project site and operated by EMWD. To accommodate the project and additional offsite tributary areas, a 27-inch gravity pipe would be extended from the Diaz Lift Station southerly in the existing rights-of-way of Diaz Road and Vincent Moraga to the project site. A smaller 10-inch gravity pipe would be extended southerly onsite in the Western Bypass to Altair Vista. The existing offsite 8-inch gravity wastewater lines in Ridge Park and Rancho California would be reconstructed to connect to the proposed 27-inch gravity pipe in the Western Bypass/Vincent Moraga. Wastewater from the southern end of the project site would be transported across the planned Murrieta Creek/Western Bypass bridge (part of the Temecula Parkway extension) via a 10-inch gravity pipe to the existing Front Street Lift Station. The central portion of the project would connect to the existing Pujol Lift Station with the offsite construction of a 12-inch gravity pipe extended easterly within the existing First Street right-of-way. The project developer would be responsible for any required upgrades to the existing Pujol lift station. As part of the gravity connection to the Pujol Lift Station facility, the existing 12-inch effluent force main would be disconnected from the existing regional 18-inch and 20-inch force mains located onsite and within existing easements parallel to the eastern Altair Specific Plan 3.14-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment project boundary and cross through the parking lot of the adjacent residential apartment complex at Sixth and Pujol and continue to Vincent Moraga. The project would provide a new 12-inch force main to extend from First Street to the proposed 27-inch gravity pipe in the Western Bypass/Vincent Moraga, within the existing easements. Since portions of this sanitary sewer system would be sized to accommodate offsite wastewater flows from additional tributary offsite properties, EMWD would financially participate in the incremental cost of upsizing any facilities over the project demands. As described, all wastewater produced by the project would be treated by the Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant. The Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant has a current inflow of 3 million gallons per day (MGD), with a 5 MGD treatment capacity (RCWD, 2013). Therefore, Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant has an excess treatment capacity of approximately 2 MGD and would have sufficient capacity to process the additional average wastewater flow of 487,336 gpd that would be generated by the project at build out. Therefore, implementation of the project would not result in impacts to the Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant. In addition, each project- specific development within in the Specific Plan would be required to pay a sewer service charge to RCWD to maintain and upgrade its system. Therefore, the project would not result in the construction of new wastewater treatment facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects. Implementation of Mitigation Significance Determination: Less than significant Stormwater Drainage Facilities The project would involve commercial development and the introduction of residential uses into the area. Proposed development within Altair would provide the necessary connections, extensions, and upgrades as required to serve Altair. As part of the Altair Specific Plan, associated public utility plans have been developed to identify these anticipated facilities. The project proposes an onsite storm drainage system to collect and transfer storm flows through the site as required by the City of Temecula. This system would include isolated storm drain facilities to convey offsite and open space runoff that is not required to be treated for water quality purposes onsite. This dual system will minimize the potential comingling of runoff from the developed and non-developed areas of the project. This secondary system would collect and carry storm flows from the natural open spaces west of the proposed Western Bypass, through the project site, and directly into Murrieta Creek. The other storm drain system would collect and treat surface runoff from the proposed development, before exiting the site. The onsite drainage system would be designed and sized to convey a 100-year storm event. Flows from the open space would be collected in ten inlet structures. The onsite catch basins and piping system would collect flows from the developed portion of the project site and treat these flows in a series of basins, swales and bioretention trenches. There are seven main outlets for the onsite network of storm drains, Village A is tributary to the existing 60-inch storm drain in Ridge Park Drive, Village B drains directly into the existing concrete lined channel adjacent to the easterly project boundary, and the majority of Village C is tributary to the existing inlet and 48-inch pipe aligned within Sixth Street. The remaining portion of Village C is tributary to the existing concrete channels adjacent to the easterly project boundary and the existing 42-inch storm drain in First Altair Specific Plan 3.14-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment Street. Village D and E areas are tributary to the existing concrete channels adjacent to the easterly project boundary and the existing 48-inch storm drain. Village F would drain to the proposed concrete channels of Tract Map 36568, as approved by the City of Temecula. Village G and the South Parcel would both convey storm flows directly into Murrieta Creek. The construction of the project and future individual development within the Specific Plan would be required to comply with the development planning requirements of the SDRWQCB MS4 permit and the City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance. These include implementation of non- structural, structural, source control and treatment control BMPs during the planning process prior to project approval for development projects, which can include infiltration basin, detention basin, vegetated swale, media filter, pervious concrete, storm drain stenciling or signage, protection of material and trash storage areas from rainfall, and vector avoidance strategies. Each future development project would be required to generate a project-specific Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP), as required by the City of Temecula Stormwater Ordinance and as specified in the City’s Jurisdictional Runoff Management Plan, which would ensure that the project implements specific drainage features in order to meet the City’s MS4 Permit and Stormwater Ordinance requirements. As a part of the WQMP the project would be required to incorporate and maintain low impact development (LID) best management practices (BMPs) into the project design, which include measures to reduce increases in runoff through hydromodification and infiltration protection. Therefore, impacts to the environment from the construction of new or expanded stormwater drainage facilities would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Water and Water Supply The main source of domestic water would be from the Metropolitan Water District’s two San Diego Aqueduct pipelines that traverse the southern end of the project site. At the south end, the project would make two tie-ins into the existing 30-inch transmission main within the proposed right-of-way of “C” Street and “B” Street S. This system would provide domestic and fire service to Village G and the South Parcel. The central portion of the project would connect to the existing 21-inch transmission main in the Pujol Street right-of-way at two locations. The southerly location would extend a 12-inch main northwesterly in the Western Bypass to the park area between Village F and Village E. At this location the 12-inch main would traverse the project northerly within the Altair Vista easement. The second connection would be with the existing 21- inch main in Pujol Street at First Street. This 12-inch connection would be brought onsite within the Levant Trail easement to connect to the line in Altair Vista. To complete the looped domestic and fire service system Villages A and B would provide the northerly connection to the existing 12-inch main in Ridge Park Drive. This connection would extend a 12-inch main southerly within the Western Bypass to the intersection with Altair Vista. Anticipated offsite water improvements would be limited to the 12-inch connections within the existing Pujol right-of-way at the southern end of the Western Bypass and First Street, in the central portion of the site adjacent to Village C. The third offsite connection would occur where the proposed Western Bypass intersects with Ridge Park Drive. This would also be a 12-inch connection to the existing 12-inch domestic water line. Altair Specific Plan 3.14-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment In accordance with the requirements of Section 15155 of the CEQA Guidelines, updated per SB 610, a water supply assessment is required for the Project, as it would result in the construction of more than 500 residential units and would include a commercial component with more than 250,000 square feet of floor space. A WSA has been prepared for this project and can be found in Appendix J. On April 1, 2015, the State issued Executive Order B-29-15 in response to severe drought conditions, which imposes restrictions to achieve a statewide 25 percent reduction in potable urban water usage through February 28, 2016. RCWD is expected to reduce its water use by 36 percent. On April 14, 2015, Metropolitan announced a 15 percent reduction in wholesale deliveries to its 26 member public agencies, as part of the current WSAP. The WSA reflects recently announced Executive Order B-29-15, as well as the Metropolitan’s current WSAP. Effective June 1, 2015, RCWD moved to Stage 4a, which is defined as an Extreme Water Supply Warning, in accordance with its Water Shortage Contingency Plan, which states that residential and landscape tier 2 water budgets must be reduced by 30 percent, agricultural and commercial customers tier 1 budgets must be reduced by 10 percent, and all customers to reduce outdoor water usage by 50 percent. However, water use reduction is expected to be achieved through a variety of methods, including water conservation, public awareness and technology efficiency, implemented by RCWD. The project would comply with all required RCWD water usage reduction measures throughout its lifetime. In 2007, the RCWD Board of Directors adopted Resolution No. 2007-10-5 establishing the Mandatory Recycled and Raw Water Use Policy (Policy). The Policy criteria states, “Recycled, raw or non-potable water shall be used whenever its use is economically justified, financially and technically feasible, and consistent with legal requirements, preservation of public health, safety and welfare, and the environment.” The Policy also establishes Mandatory Use of recycled or raw water, when the criteria are met, for agricultural irrigation; construction use; all landscape, park, schoolyard and golf course irrigation; landscape and/or aesthetic impoundments, and wildlife habitat. The project would provide reclaimed water to serve the project’s irrigation needs from existing recycled water facilities and is consistent with the Policy. Table 3.14-5 illustrates RCWD’s projected potable water supplies and demands by five-year increments, included the project, as determined by the WSA, in a normal water year. While SB 610 requires a 20-year planning period, the WSA projected to 2041, which represents a 25-year planning period from 2016. This is consistent with RCWD’s 2010 UWMP, which is the most recent UWMP. As shown in Table 3.14-5, the buildout of the project will increase RCWD’s potable water demand by the year 2043. The water demand analysis prepared for the Altair Specific Plan by RCWD shows the build-out of the project would increase RCWD’s potable and recycled water demand by approximately 446 AFY and 99 AFY, respectively. The water supply projections are anticipated to increase through year 2041 despite drought and environmental restrictions; this is mainly due to efficiencies in water allocation management as well as use of increased recycled water supply. Table 3.14-5 demonstrates that projected supplies exceed demand through the year 2041, while factoring in the projected demand required for the project. These projections consider land use, water development programs and projects, and water conservation. The available supplies and water demands for RCWD’s water service area were analyzed to assess RCWD’s Altair Specific Plan 3.14-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment ability to satisfy demands during three hydrologic scenarios: a normal water year, single dry water year, and multiple-dry water years (RWCD, 2015b). The WSA presented the supply- demand balance for each of the hydrologic scenarios for the 25-year planning period 2016 to 2041. It is expected that RCWD will be able to meet 100 percent of its dry year demand under every scenario (RWCD, 2015b). Further, analyses of normal, single-dry, and multiple-dry year scenarios in the WSA prepared for the proposed project also demonstrate RCWD’s ability to satisfy demand during the 25-year planning period in all hydrologic conditions, even under reduced imported water supply conditions (RWCD, 2015b). If conditions during the three years following 2015 are equal to the driest three-year historic sequence for RCWD’s water supply, RCWD would have to take measures to meet water demand within its service area. Most likely RCWD will rely on Metropolitan for imported water while maximizing groundwater production. Table 3.14-6 shows the July 2015 imported supplies from Metropolitan with a 15 percent reduction in all three years. Table 3.14-6 demonstrates that projected supplies exceed demand through the year 2041, while factoring in drought conditions. Collectively, the information included in the WSA identifies a sufficient and reliable water supply for RCWD, now and into the future, including a sufficient water supply for the project (RWCD, 2015b). Therefore, impacts related to water supply entitlements would be less than significant. TABLE 3.14-5 PROJECTED POTABLE WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND NORMAL WATER YEAR (AF) Water Supply/Demands 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 SUPPLIES Treated 40,122 49,464 53,827 58,190 62,595 67,083 Untreated – groundwater recharge/recovery 12,512 18,300 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 Untreated – SMR discharges 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 Local Groundwater 26,500 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 Total Potable Supplies 89,415 103,152 107,598 111,919 116,408 120,897 Recycled (EMWD/RCWD)1 9,156 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 DEMAND District2 70,299 74,334 78,569 82,684 86,959 91,324 Altair Specific Plan 224 713 621 526 473 452 Uptown Jefferson Specific Plan 0 244 608 1,151 1,479 1,616 Temecula Creek Inn Specific Plan 0 636 720 720 720 720 Total Potable Demands 70,523 75,927 80,518 85,081 89,631 94,112 Recycled (District) 9,156 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 Recycled (Project) 0 99 99 99 99 99 Recycled Temecula Creek Inn Specific Plan 0 <2> <2> <2> <2> <2> SUPPLY/DEMAND DIFFERENCE 18,892 27,225 27,080 26,838 26,777 26,785 1 Recycled water supply includes SRWRF 2010 capacity of 3,160 AF, increased by 2880 AF in 2015 and another 560 AF in 2020; current EMWD agreement for TVWRF water is for up to 5,000 AFY. 2 The rate of potable demand increase from 2018 to 2043 is projected to be consistent with the rate of service area population increase over the same period. Potable demand includes water conveyed outside the RCWD service area, but does not include unaccounted-for water. SOURCE: RCWD, 2015. Altair Specific Plan 3.14-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment TABLE 3.14-6 TOTAL ESTIMATED RCWD MINIMUM WATER SUPPLY FOR NEXT THREE YEARS BASED ON DRIEST 3-YEAR HISTORY Water Supply/Demands 2016 2017 2018 SUPPLIES Imported Treated 40,626 41,346 42,066 Untreated 11,475 12,750 14,450 Local Groundwater 23,638 23,155 22,673 Total Potable Supplies 75,738 77,251 79,189 Recycled (EMWD/RCWD)1 9,156 9,268 9,380 DEMAND Potable 70,523 71,684 72,931 Recycled 4,540 4,600 4,597 Total Demands 75,063 76,284 77,528 SUPPLY/DEMAND DIFFERENCE 9,831 10,235 11,041 SOURCE: RCWD, 2015b. 1) Altair Specific Plan is anticipated to not create a demand until 2016. 2) Uptown Jefferson Specific Plan is anticipated to not create a demand until 2018. 3) Temecula Creek Inn Strategic Plan is anticipated to not create a demand until 2015. 4) Imported water assumed to include a 15 percent reduction of normal year supplies during Years 1, 2 and 3 of multiple dry year period; groundwater supplies are estimated to be 98%, 96% and 94% of normal during Years 1, 2 and 3 of multiple dry year period; recycled water supply equals demand. 5) Potable and recycled water dry year demands for years 2016, 2017 and 2018 are based on applying multiple dry year factors of 100%. Significance Determination: Less than significant Solid Waste Disposal Construction Construction of the project has the potential to generate solid waste, including cardboard, metals, plastics, concrete and other building materials. Construction for some development would also involve earthwork, which can produce waste pavement scraps and soil piles. As stated in Chapter 2, Project Description, the project would result in up to 22,000 commercial square feet, 1,750 new residential units, a civic center (up to 450,000 square feet) and an elementary school. The average estimate of overall construction waste from new residential development is 4.39 pounds per square foot and 4.34 pounds per square foot from new non-residential (including commercial) development (USEPA, 2003). The Specific Plan identifies 1,750 residential units (at maximum density). For construction waste generation estimate purposes, it is assumed the average residential unit would be approximately 1,300 square feet. This could result in approximately 4,994 tons of solid waste from construction of new residential development (Table 3.14-7). The Specific Plan identifies 472,000 square feet of commercial land uses for both the civic center and other commercial uses. Using the waste generation estimate for non-residential construction activities, the project would generate approximately 1,025 tons of solid waste from new commercial development construction (civic center and commercial uses) (Table 3.14-7). Altair Specific Plan 3.14-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment TABLE 3.14-7 SOLID WASTE GENERATION ESTIMATES FOR COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION Development New Development (square feet) Total Solid Waste Generation1 (pounds) Total Solid Waste Generation (tons) Total Solid Waste Generation (cubic yards) New Development Residential Units 2,275,000 9,987,250 4,994 16,629 Commercial 22,000 95,480 48 159 Civic Center 450,000 1,953,000 977 3,252 TOTAL 2,746,000 12,031,390 6,019 20,040 1 Waste Generation Rates = 4.39 lb/sq ft for residential new development and; 4.34 lb/sq ft for non-residential new development; (USEPA, 2003). Solid waste generated during construction activities would be recycled to the maximum extent practicable and all remaining waste would be disposed of at the El Sobrante Sanitary Landfill located at 10910 Dawson Canyon Road, east of Interstate 15 in the Gavilan Hills. Because no demolition is required, construction waste requiring disposal is anticipated to be minimal after recycling is implemented. As of 2009, the year for which the most recent information is available, the remaining capacity of this landfill was 145,530,000 tons with an estimated cease operation date of 2045 (CalRecycle, 2009). Solid waste disposed of during construction activities for the new residential and commercial development would represent 0.004 percent of the remaining capacity (in tons). Considering the small percentage of the total remaining capacity that project solid waste would use, the fact that waste would be generated and disposed of over a period of 10 years, and that the landfill has enough remaining capacity to stay open until 2045, the existing landfill would have adequate capacity to accept all project construction waste. Impacts relating to solid waste as a result of project construction would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Operation The introduction of residential and commercial development into the area would result in increased generation of solid waste. As shown in Section 3.6, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change, there would be an estimated residential and employee service population increase of 5,080 residents and employees in the project area as a result of the Project; 4,603 residents and 477 employees. According to California’s 2014 per capita disposal rate, the average California resident produces 4.5 pounds per day.1 The 2014 per employee disposal rate was 10.6 pounds per day (CalRecycle, 2015). The project would be expected to generate approximately 20,714 pounds of solid waste per day from residents and approximately 5,056 pounds of solid waste per day from non-residential uses upon full buildout, for a total of 25,770 pounds (12 tons) of solid waste per day. The daily disposal rate is 16,054 tons/day (CalRecycle, 2009). Solid waste 1 Per SB 1016, the per capita rate takes into account per resident and per employee disposal rates. Altair Specific Plan 3.14-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 3.14 Utilities and Water Supply Assessment disposed of during operation activities for the new residential and commercial development would represent 0.07 percent of the daily disposal rate (in tons). The existing capacity of the El Sobrante Sanitary Landfill would be sufficient to accommodate solid waste generation from project implementation. The City of Temecula is required to maintain a 50 percent diversion rate as mandated by the State via the California Integrated Waste Management Act for all solid waste. The project is subject to this diversion rate for solid waste generated by the project. As such, the solid waste generated by the project would place a minimal burden on the City’s required diversion rate. The increase would not require additional landfill capacity. Since the landfill would have sufficient permitted capacity (through 2045), the project is not anticipated to cause an adverse impact to either solid waste collection service or the landfill disposal system. Therefore, impacts relating to solid waste production during project operation would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 3.14-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 CHAPTER 4 Cumulative Impacts 4.1 Introduction Section 15130 of the CEQA Guidelines requires that an EIR address cumulative impacts of a project when the project’s incremental effect would be cumulatively considerable. “Cumulatively considerable” means that “the incremental effects of an individual project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects as defined in Section 15130” (Section 15065(c)). A cumulative effect is not deemed considerable if the effect would be essentially the same, regardless of whether the proposed project is implemented or not. Section 15355 of the CEQA Guidelines states that “cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant projects taking place over a period of time.” A cumulative impact is not considered significant if the impact can be mitigated to below the level of significance through mitigation, including providing improvements and/or contributing funds through fee-payment programs. The EIR must examine “reasonable options for mitigating or avoiding any significant cumulative effects of a proposed project” (CEQA Guidelines Sections 15130(a)(3) and 15130(b)(5)). According to Section 15130 of the CEQA Guidelines, the discussion of cumulative effects “... need not provide as great a detail as is provided of the effects attributable to the project alone. The discussion should be guided by the standards of practicality and reasonableness.” 4.2 Cumulative Projects This analysis considers the impacts of the project in combination with the potential environmental effects of other projects in the general area. “Other projects,” also referred to as “cumulative projects,” include recently completed projects, projects currently under construction, and future projects currently in development. The potential for projects to have a cumulative impact depends on both geographic location as well as project schedule. Altair Specific Plan 4-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts 4.2.1 Geographic Scope The project area is located in the western portion of the City of Temecula. The potential for specific project-generated impacts to contribute to a significant cumulative impact would occur if the impacts are located within the same generalized geographic area. This geographic area varies depending upon the resource area being evaluated (water quality, noise, etc.) and the geographic extent of the potential impact. For example, the geographic area associated with construction noise impacts would be limited to areas directly affected by construction noise associated with the proposed project in conjunction with the identified cumulative projects. In contrast, the geographic area that could be affected by the proposed project and cumulative construction- related air emissions would include the entire air basin. Construction impacts associated with increased noise, dust, erosion, and access limitations tend to be localized and could be exacerbated if other development or improvement projects occur within proximal locations to the proposed project area. The cumulative project area identified for traffic impacts was determined by the City of Temecula, and the cumulative projects listed in Table 4-1. 4.2.2 Project Timing In addition to the geographic scope, cumulative impacts are determined by the timing of the other projects relative to the proposed project. As noted above, projects considered in this analysis include those that have recently been completed, are currently under construction, or are in the planning stages. Schedule is particularly relevant to the consideration of cumulative construction- related impacts, since construction impacts tend to be relatively short-term. However, for future projects, construction schedules are often broadly estimated and can be subject to change. Although the timing of the future projects is likely to fluctuate due to schedule changes or other unknown factors, this analysis assumes these individual projects would be developed for implementation through the course of the current planning horizon and could be implemented concurrently with construction of the proposed project. The proposed project is anticipated to be developed in phases and reach full buildout in 10 years. 4.2.3 Type of Projects Considered Table 4-1 lists current and proposed projects that could potentially contribute to cumulative impacts within the project area. Also, General Plan Build Out assumptions for cumulative traffic analysis can be found in Section 3.13.3 of the Transportation and Traffic Section of this EIR. Locations of cumulative projects listed in Table 4-1 are shown in Figure 4-1. Altair Specific Plan 4-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # ## Y n e z R d BC §¨¦15 UV79 PA14-0188 PA14-0175 PA10-0213 PA14-0009 PA13-0155 PA14-2707 PA08-0118 PA14-0155 PA13-0166 PA14-0107 PA11-0261 PA14-2796 LR10-0014 A PA14-0058 SOURCE: National Hydrology Dataset, Riverside County GIS, ESRI Imagery Altair Specific Plan EIR Research Design. 140106Figure 4-1Cumulative Proj ects RiversideSan Diego 0 1 Miles #Cumulative Proj ect Altair Specifi c Pl an Cities 4. Cumulative Impacts TABLE 4-1 PLANNED AND APPROVED PROJECTS IN THE PROJECT AREA Map Key Code Type of Development Description PA 14-0058 Hotel A Development Plan to construct a three-story 54-room Comfort Suites Hotel within the Old Town Specific Plan area. The hotel will total 31,270 square feet and will be located at 41841 Moreno Road. Amenities will include an indoor swimming pool, fitness room, and business center. PA 14-2707 Commercial A Development Plan application to allow for the construction of three commercial buildings totaling 13,248 square feet. The structures will consist of a gas station, a retail structure, a drive-thru restaurant structure, and an approximately 115,000 square foot residential care facility. PA 14-0155 Restaurant A Development Plan to allow for the construction of a 11,722-square- foot Gaitan's Mexican Café restaurant on a 2.61-acre vacant lot and a Conditional Use Permit to allow for a Type 47 ABC license (on-sale general beer/wine/distilled spirits). PA 14-0188 Commercial A Major Modification to add 6,657 square feet to an existing two-story retail/office commercial structure located at 28475 Old Town Front Street. PA 14-2796 Commercial Development Plan Application and a Conditional Use Permit Application for an approximately 10,000-square-foot single-story commercial building in a CC zone. The approximate 10,000-square- foot building would be used for tire retail and repair. PA 14-0175 Commercial/Auto Service Development Plan and Conditional Use Permit to allow for American Tire Depot to construct a 7,450-square-foot building for tire sales and service. LR 10-0014 Commercial and Residential Mixed Use The project involves developing a specific plan for an approximately 560-acre area that is intended to facilitate in-fill development, spark public and private reinvestment, act as a guide for the overall future revitalization of the area, and ensure the strategic execution of future infrastructure improvements. The anticipated build out of the specific plan area, which is anticipated to occur over a 30 year timeframe, would allow for the construction of approximately 1.7 million square feet of new commercial development and approximately 3,726 new residential dwelling units, for a combined anticipated build-out totaling approximately 7,244,224 square feet. PA 10-0213 Residential A Tentative Tract Map application to create 7 residential lots from 4 lots with lot size ranging from 2.66 acres to 3.62 net acres on vacant property. PA 11-0216 PA 14-0107 Office A Development Plan application for the construction of three office buildings totaling 37,926 square feet. PA 13-0166 Medical A Major Modification application to revise a previously approved 6,000 square foot restaurant (that has not been constructed) to a 12,545- square-foot surgery facility. PA 14-0009 Institutional Rancho Baptist Major Modification: A Major Modification application for Rancho Baptist Church to allow for a 2,074-square-foot sanctuary expansion, an expansion to the existing classroom structure including a cafe, two vehicle security gates, and two modular classrooms located at 29775 Santiago Road. PA 13-0155 Residential A Development Plan to construct a 140-unit attached residential project, including two-story townhomes and three-story walk-up flats, also with a pool and clubhouse for project residents, located on approximately 7 acres at the southernmost point of Pujol Street. Altair Specific Plan 4-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts TABLE 4-1 PLANNED AND APPROVED PROJECTS IN THE PROJECT AREA Map Key Code Type of Development Description PA 08-0118 Mixed Use A Specific Plan to expand Temecula Creek Inn into a master-planned 18-hole golf course resort and community on 305 acres located 44501 Rainbow Canyon Road. The Specific Plan proposes four Planning Areas: Planning Area 1 includes an expansion of the existing hotel by 99 rooms from 128 to 227 guest rooms (active adult option on 126 units) and the addition of a spa and banquet facilities totaling 153,837 square feet. Planning Areas 2-4 include a maximum 409 single-family and multi-family residential units ranging in size from 1,600 to 4,300 square feet. A Commercial Expansion of the existing Pechanga Resort, which would involve a new two-tower hotel wing with 550 rooms; a 40,000-square-foot events center with capacity of up to 3,000 seats, 27,000-square-foot indoor pre-function area, 19,000-square-foot outdoor plaza, and a 40,000- square-foot green roof space; a 23,000-square-foot detached spa and fitness center; a 12,750-square-foot events lawn; a wastewater treatment plant; and an onsite warehouse. B Transportation Interstate 15/State Route 79 South interchange improvement project by the City of Temecula to improve access to Interstate 15 from State Route 79 South. Project includes right-of-way acquisition, design and construction of an improved interchange system. C Transportation Western Bypass bridge over Murrieta Creek. A City of Temecula project to design and construct a bridge across Murrieta Creek as part of the future Western Bypass that would serve to relieve traffic congestion in the area of Old Town Temecula. 4.3 Description of Cumulative Effects Aesthetics Of the projects listed on Table 4-1 and shown in Figure 4-1, only a few fall within the viewshed of the proposed project, including a hotel and commercial use in Old Town, as well as a 140-unit residential project near the southern end of Pujol Road. As discussed in Section 3.1, Aesthetics, the proposed project would result in less than significant impacts related to scenic vistas, scenic resources within a designated State scenic highway, and degradation of the visual character and quality of the project area. Among the cumulative projects within the viewshed of the proposed project, the 140-unit residential project would likely be the most visually prominent and would be occurring on undeveloped land. However, it would be built on flat land adjacent to existing urban uses and would not be located on any hillsides. In addition, like future development proposals that would occur in the City, any cumulative developments in the project vicinity would be subject to the City’s Design Guidelines and would be required to undergo a development review process to ensure that the proposals meet the design standards. Temecula’s City-wide Design Guidelines provide site planning, architectural design, and landscape design criteria for commercial, industrial, and residential development. The guidelines also establish criteria for unique design characteristics found within specialized development types, such as specific commercial and Altair Specific Plan 4-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts public uses. The design standards and criteria contained within the guidelines are the primary tool for implementing the policies contained within the Community Design Element. Therefore, cumulative impacts related to these criteria would be less than significant. The proposed project could result in impacts related to light and glare. The future development proposals in the vicinity of the project would also introduce new sources of light and glare in the area; and the project, in combination with these projects, could make a considerable contribution to light and glare. However, related projects would be required to adhere to the provisions of the Riverside County’s Light Pollution Ordinance (No. 655), which reduce nighttime light pollution in the vicinity of the Palomar Observatory, and implement measures similar to those required of the project. As such, cumulative impacts from the project and related projects would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Air Quality The project site is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB), which is considered the cumulative study area for air quality. Because the SCAB is currently classified as a state nonattainment area for ozone, PM10, and PM2.5, cumulative development consisting of the project and cumulative projects could violate an air quality standard or contribute to an existing or projected air quality violation. Based on South Coast Air Quality Management District’s (SCAQMD) cumulative air quality impact methodology, SCAQMD recommends that if an individual project results in air emissions of criteria pollutants (ROG, CO, NOx, SOx, PM10, and PM2.5) that exceed the SCAQMD’s recommended daily thresholds for project-specific impacts, then it would also result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of these criteria pollutants for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard. As shown in Table 3.2-6, the project’s construction emissions would not exceed SCAQMD’s daily thresholds during construction. Thus, because the proposed project’s construction-period impact would be less than significant, the proposed project would not result in a significant cumulative impact, when considered with other past, present and reasonably foreseeable projects. Operational emissions associated with the proposed project, as shown in Tables 3.2-7 and 3.2-8, would exceed the SCAQMD’s thresholds of significance for ROG, NOx and CO. Even though the proposed project would be consistent with SCAQMD’s Air Quality Management Plan, the proposed project could conflict with SCAQMD’s air quality planning efforts for nonattainment pollutants and would result in a cumulatively considerable net increase in nonattainment pollutants during operations, particularly ozone precursors ROG and NOx. Therefore, the project’s contribution to cumulative impacts associated with operational emissions would be cumulatively considerable. Significance Determination: Significant and unavoidable related to operational emissions Altair Specific Plan 4-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts Biological Resources For Biological Resources, the geographic scope for the cumulative analysis is the area within the same watershed (i.e. bioregion). In general, the geographic area includes the City of Temecula and Murrieta, and projects within an approximately five-mile radius around the project site, within the same watershed, similar landscape position and within the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP). The project and the other cumulative projects fall within the jurisdiction of the MSCHP. The MSHCP involves the assembly and management of a 500,000-acre Conservation Area for the conservation of natural habitats and their constituent wildlife populations. The MSHCP permits development of lands and take of species “in exchange for the assembly and management of a coordinated MSHCP Conservation Area” (Riverside County, 2004). The Implementing Agreement authorized the "take of 146 species covered by the MSHCP (termed “covered species”), including state and federally listed species, as well as other identified sensitive species." The “take” authorization includes impacts to the habitats of the covered species. The MSHCP requires any new development to pay fees to support the financing for the MSHCP, to be applied toward acquisition and management of Conservation Area land. The fees are intended to meet mitigation requirements for the California Environmental Quality Act, the federal Endangered Species Act, and the California Endangered Species Act. The effects of the proposed project, in combination with other cumulative projects in the geographic scope, could combine to cause or contribute to significant cumulative effects to biological resources. In particular, identified cumulative projects that are located within or near wildlife corridors and along riparian/riverine areas, such as LR10-0014 (Uptown Jefferson Specific Plan) and PA-08-0118 (Temecula Creek Inn), could have significant effects on special status species, sensitive vegetation communities, and wildlife movement associated with Proposed Constrained Linkages 13 and 14. It should be noted that cumulative projects would be required to adhere to and be consistent with the goals and objectives established in the MSHCP. As described in Section 3.3, Biological Resources of this EIR, the project would have potentially significant impacts to special status wildlife species, sensitive vegetation communities and wildlife corridors. Mitigation measures have been identified for the project that would reduce impacts by avoiding, minimizing, or mitigating for any impacts in accordance with the MSHCP (Mitigation Measures MM-BIO-1a through MM-BIO-1c, MM-BIO-2a, MM-BIO-2b, MM-BOI- 3, MM-BIO-4, MM-BIO-5a, MM-BI-5b, MM-BIO-6, MM-BIO -7, and MM-BIO-8a through MM-BIO -8c). Implementation of these mitigation measures would reduce impacts to a less than significant level and result in the project being consistent with the MSHCP. Consistency with the MSHCP would provide assurance that the project would be in compliance with the provisions of the federal Endangered Species Act, the California Endangered Species Act, and the National Community Conservation Program Act; and would adequately provide for the conservation and protection of the Covered Species Adequately Conserved and their habitats in the MSHCP Plan Area, as provided for in the Implementing Agreement. Therefore, when considered in addition to the anticipated impacts of other projects in the cumulative scenario, the project’s incremental contribution to impacts to biological resources would not be cumulatively considerable. Altair Specific Plan 4-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts Significance Determination: Less than significant Cultural Resources The geographic scope for cumulative impacts to cultural resources includes the western portion of the city of Temecula. This geographic scope of analysis is appropriate because the archaeological, historic-period built resources and tribal resources within these areas are expected to be similar because of their proximity and shared historic and prehistoric context. In addition, similar environments, landforms, and hydrology would result in similar land-use—and thus, similar site types. The geographic scope for cumulative impacts to paleontological resources would be all areas in the western portion of the City of Temecula underlain by the same geologic units, which would yield fossils representative of a similar time period and geographic range. Cumulative impacts to cultural resources in this area could occur if the projects and cumulative projects had or would have impacts on cultural resources that, when considered together, would be cumulatively significant. The project vicinity contains a significant archaeological and historical record that, in many cases, has not been well documented or recorded. Thus, there is the potential for ongoing and future development projects in the vicinity to disturb known or unknown cultural resources, including archaeological sites, historic-period built resources, and resources of traditional and cultural significance to Native American tribes. Three of the cumulative projects are within the Origin Landscape Traditional Cultural Property (TCP). The majority of the Origin Landscape TCP is located within the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, which is protected from significant development; therefore most of the Origin Landscape TCP would not be impacted by past, present, or future development. The three cumulative projects within the Origin Landscape TCP would be expected to have similar impacts on the TCP, and would likely incorporate similar mitigation measures as the proposed project. The proposed project includes several mitigation measures that reduce potential impacts to the TCP to less than significant, at the project level. With implementation of these mitigation measures, the project’s contribution to a cumulative impact would less than cumulatively considerable. Excavation activities associated with the project and cumulative projects could contribute to the progressive loss of fossil remains, as-yet unrecorded fossil sites, associated geological and geographic data, and fossil bearing strata. The project would have a less than significant impact to paleontological resources with incorporation of mitigation measures (MM-CUL-2a and MM- CUL-2b). With the implementation of these measures, the projects contribution to cumulative impacts on paleontological resources would be less than cumulatively considerable. Furthermore, implementation of Mitigation Measure MM-CUL-3 would mitigate the project’s potential to disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries, and the project’s contribution to a cumulative impact to human remains would less than cumulatively considerable. Altair Specific Plan 4-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts Significance Determination: Less than significant Geology, Soils, and Seismicity The project area is located in a seismically active area and future project development could expose additional people and structures to potentially adverse effects associated with earthquakes, including seismic groundshaking and seismic-related ground failure. However, site-specific geotechnical studies required by the City would determine how future development projects could be designed to minimize exposure of people to these impacts. Therefore, future development would be constructed to more current standards, which could potentially provide greater protection than standards that applied to older structures within the region. The impact of the risks associated with exposure to potential geological and soils hazards is generally localized because of the dependence on site-specific conditions and would not affect the immediate vicinity surrounding the project area. Future development related to the project and other cumulative projects would be constructed in accordance with the most recent version of the California Building Code seismic safety requirements and recommendations contained in the project-specific geotechnical reports. Therefore, cumulative impacts associated with exposure to geological and soils hazards resulting from construction and operation of the project, in combination with past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future projects, would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change As discussed in Section 3.6, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change, CEQA considers a project’s impacts related to GHG emissions to be inherently cumulative. Therefore, the discussion in Section 3.6 comprises the cumulative impact analysis related to global warming and climate change. As concluded in that section, overall, the project’s total net annual GHG emissions after the incorporation of MM-AQ-1a through MM-AQ-1e would be approximately 24,953 MTCO2e per year which would exceed the SCAQMD considered bright-line threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year maximum project emissions. This would result in a significant impact. Implementation of additional mitigation measure MM-GHG-1 would likely result in GHG emissions still exceeding the bright-line threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e. Significance Determination: Significant and unavoidable Hazards and Hazardous Materials The cumulative geographic context for hazardous materials includes the project area and all areas within the city, as well as roadways used to transport hazardous materials. Potential cumulative impacts would occur if the project, in combination with past, present and reasonably foreseeable development projects such as residential and commercial land uses, would result in significant impacts to human health and safety. Altair Specific Plan 4-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts As discussed in Section 3.7, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, the project has the potential to release hazardous substances and materials; however, with adherence to existing regulatory requirements, the project would result in less than significant impacts relating to hazards and hazardous materials. Typically, hazards and hazardous material impacts occur in a local or site- specific context rather than in a cumulative context (because of the regulatory structure that minimizes releases to isolated incidents). Implementation of regulatory requirements of the DTSC, RWQCB, Caltrans, and RCDEH would similarly address site-specific hazards and emergency access and operation for all other projects within the cumulative scenario. Compliance with regulatory requirements also includes measures for the safe transport, storage, use, and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes for the protection of human health and the environment. As such, other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future development projects that would occur in the surrounding region, in combination with the proposed project, would not significantly increase human health or safety risks. Therefore, cumulative impacts would be considered less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Hydrology and Water Quality The geographic scope for cumulative impacts on hydrology and water quality includes the Murrieta Hydrologic Area and the Temecula Valley Groundwater Basin. As described previously, the project site is generally pervious open space. Storm water runoff from the westerly foothills flows easterly across the project site and directly or indirectly into Murrieta Creek. Murrieta Creek water quality is impaired by metals/metalloids, nutrients, pesticides and toxicity. The project would include an onsite storm drainage system to collect and transfer storm flows through the site. This system would include isolated storm drain facilities to convey offsite and open space runoff that is not required to be treated for water quality purposes onsite. The other storm drain system would collect and treat surface runoff from the proposed development, before exiting the site. Cumulative projects are also within the Murrieta Hydrologic Area, and would have the potential to contribute to cumulative hydrologic and water quality impacts in the project area. These projects generally consist of residential, commercial, office, medical and some industrial and institutional developments. These projects have the potential to introduce new or exacerbate existing pollutant generation associated with residential, commercial and industrial uses that could wash into or pollute surface water quality. These projects could also contribute to increased runoff due to increases in impervious surfaces. However, all reasonably foreseeable future projects in the Murrieta Hydrologic Area would be required to implement non-structural, structural, source control and treatment control BMPs, similar to the proposed project. These drainage requirements were developed to reduce the cumulative impacts to water quality, and to ensure that the incremental effects of individual projects do not cause a substantial cumulative impact related to hydrology and water quality. For example, during operation, the cumulative projects would be required to maintain water quality through development and implementation of BMPs pursuant to the SDRWQCB MS4 Permit and City Stormwater Ordinance requirements, which would reduce potential impacts of each related project. Altair Specific Plan 4-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts Implementation of the proposed project would include compliance with all required laws, permits, and plans, including the MS4 Permit, WQMP, and Construction General Permit requirements, all of which have been designed to reduce impacts associated with water quality, erosion, flooding, and drainage. As described, the proposed Project would result in an overall increase in impervious surfaces. However, all stormwater would be filtered and infiltrated to protect surface water quality and groundwater quality to the maximum extent practicable. The proposed drainage system would mimic the existing water quality and hydrology conditions of the Project area. Thus, impacts related to hydrology and water quality would not combine to be cumulatively considerable with adherence to applicable laws, permits, and plans. Cumulative impacts to hydrology and water quality would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant. Land Use and Planning The proposed project would not result in significant impacts related to land use, as discussed in Section 3.9. Potential land use impacts, such as potential impacts related to consistency with plans and policies that are intended to avoid environmental effects, would be project-specific and require evaluation on a case-by-case basis. This is also true with regard to land use compatibility impacts, which are generally a function of the relationship between the interactive effects of a specific development site and those of its immediate environment. Therefore, cumulative impacts to land use would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Noise and Vibration Cumulative noise assessment considers development of the project in combination with ambient growth and other development projects within the vicinity of the proposed project. As noise is a localized phenomenon, and drastically reduces in magnitude as distance from the source increases, only projects and ambient growth in the nearby area could combine with the proposed project to result in cumulative noise impacts. Development of the project in combination with other projects in the cumulative scenario would result in an increase in construction-related and traffic-related noise in the city. However, each of the cumulative projects would be subject to Section 9.20.040 of the City Municipal Code, which establishes the allowable interior and exterior noise standards for various types of land uses in the city. In addition, Section 9.20.070 (Exceptions) of the City Municipal Code allows for construction-related exceptions from the noise standards set forth in Section 9.20.040 of the Code to be requested from the City Manager. Furthermore, the construction activities associated with past, present, and reasonably foreseeable projects would also be subject to Section 9.20.060(D) of the City Municipal Code, which establishes the permitted hours for construction. Construction noise is localized in nature and decreases substantially with distance. Consequently, in order to achieve a substantial cumulative increase in construction noise levels, more than one Altair Specific Plan 4-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts source emitting high levels of construction noise would need to be in close proximity to the proposed project. The nearest anticipated project to the project site is the proposed townhomes development (#PA 13-0155), which is located adjacent to the southern portion of the project site in the vicinity of Pujol Street. Due to this distance, a substantial increase in the ambient noise levels of the existing single- and multi-family residential uses located along and adjacent to Pujol Street would occur should construction of this cumulative project occur at the same time as the proposed project. As such, the cumulative noise impact related to a substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels at these existing noise-sensitive land uses would be potentially significant. During construction of the proposed project, implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-1a and MM-NOI-1b would reduce construction noise levels for nearby offsite residents to the maximum extent feasible. However, due to the proximity of the proposed project to these existing offsite sensitive uses, it is anticipated that these offsite land uses would still experience a substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels during the project’s construction activities. Therefore, the project’s contribution to this construction-related noise impact would be considerable, and the cumulative impact would be significant. Cumulative development in the City may result in the exposure of people to or the generation of excessive groundborne vibration. As mentioned above, the nearest related project to the proposed project is the proposed townhouse development located adjacent to the project site. Due to this distance, the proposed project and this cumulative project are in close enough proximity to each other such that vibration levels generated during construction could potentially affect the same sensitive receptors should construction occur simultaneously. The nearest sensitive receptors that would be affected by the concurrent construction are the existing single- and multi-family residential uses located along and adjacent to Pujol Street near the southern portion of the project area. The cumulative impact would be potentially significant. However, with implementation of Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-2a and MM-NOI-2b by the proposed project, which requires specific buffer distances between construction equipment and sensitive receptors, impacts from construction-related groundborne vibration on these nearest offsite sensitive uses would be reduced to a less-than-significant level.1 Thus, with implementation of these mitigation measures, the project would not contribute considerably to cumulative vibration impacts, even if concurrent construction occurs for the project and the related project. As such, cumulative impacts associated with groundborne vibration from construction activities would be less than significant. Cumulative mobile source noise impacts would occur primarily as a result of increased traffic on local roadways due to the proposed project and past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future projects within the study area. Therefore, cumulative traffic-generated noise impacts have been assessed based on the contribution of the proposed project to the future year 2025 cumulative traffic volumes on the roadway segments in the project vicinity. The noise levels associated with existing traffic volumes and cumulative traffic volumes with the proposed project (i.e., future cumulative traffic volumes) are identified in Table 4-2. 1 It should be noted that while implementation Mitigation Measures MM-NOI-2a and MM-NOI-2b may not be able to reduce groundborne vibration levels to a less-than-significant level for the future sensitive uses that would be gradually developed within the project area due to the project’s allowance for compact residential development, these mitigation measures would be able to be effectively implemented with regards to existing sensitive uses that are located offsite. Altair Specific Plan 4-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts TABLE 4-2 CUMULATIVE ROADWAY NOISE IMPACTS Roadway Segment Existing Land Uses Located along Roadway Segmentb Noise Levels in dBA Ldna Existing Project Traffic Volumes Future Without Traffic Volumes Future With Project Traffic Volumes Increase Significance Thresholdb Significant? Project Contribution to Cumulative Increase Rancho California Road from Diaz Road to Old Town Front Street Commercial 67.5 73.1 68.8 1.3 5.0 No (4.3) Rancho California Road from 1-15 to Ynez Road Hotels/Commercial 74.0 74.6 74.8 0.8 5.0 No 0.2 Vincent Moraga Drive from Rancho California Road to Ridge Park Drive Commercial 53.7 65.2 64.0 10.3 5.0 Yes (1.2) Western Bypass, between A Street and Pujol Street N/A N/Ac N/Ac 69.7d N/A N/A N/A N/A Western Bypass, between Pujol Street and Old Town Front Street N/A N/Ac N/Ac 72.2d N/A N/A N/A N/A Temecula Parkway from La Paz Road to Wabash Lane Residential/Church 72.2 72.3 72.6 0.4 5.0 No 0.3 Temecula Parkway from Pechanga Parkway to Margarita Road Residential/Commercial 68.4 68.9 69.1 0.7 5.0 No 0.2 Diaz Road from Rancho California Road to Via Montezuma Road Church/Commercial 68.9 71.6 72.4 3.5 5.0 No 0.8 Diaz Road from Via Montezuma Road to Winchester Road Commercial 71.5 73.1 73.8 2.3 5.0 No 0.7 Winchester Road from Diaz Road to Jefferson Avenue Commercial 72.6 72.1 72.3 (0.3) 5.0 No 0.2 Winchester Road from I-15 to Ynez Road Commercial 73.7 73.8 73.9 0.2 5.0 No 0.1 a Values represent noise levels from the centerline of each roadway to the approximate receptor property line. b Along roadway segments that have multiple land uses, the lower noise level standard amongst the multiple land uses was used to provide a conservative analysis. c No roadway noise levels would occur as the Western Bypass would only be developed with implementation of the proposed project. d As the Western Bypass does not currently exist, the noise level presented for the “Future With Project” scenario is at 50 feet from the centerline of this future roadway. Calculations were prepared by ESA; data and results are provided in Appendix G. TRAFFIC INFORMATION SOURCE: Fehr and Peers, 2015. Altair Specific Plan 4-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts As shown, cumulative development along with the proposed project would increase local noise levels by a maximum of 10.3 dBA Ldn at the segment of Vincent Moraga Drive from Rancho California Road to Ridge Park Drive. Although this segment would experience an increase in traffic noise levels greater than 5 dBA, impacts would be less than significant because the resultant noise level along this roadway segment would still fall within the “conditionally acceptable” noise level range for commercial uses according to the land use/noise compatibility matrix in the General Plan Noise Element (refer to Table 3.10-6). All of the remaining roadway segments analyzed would not exceed their significant thresholds; therefore, the cumulative impact associated with mobile source noise would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Significant and unavoidable impacts related to construction noise Population and Housing Project development in combination with cumulative projects within the City would result in a cumulative increase in population. Based on the residential development projects identified in Table 4-1, cumulative development (including the proposed project) in the City would result in the addition of 6,986 new residential units, which would increase the population by approximately and 23,000 residents. Adding this potential population to the existing 2014 population would result in a maximum total population of approximately 129,000 residents upon buildout of all residential projects listed in Table 4-1. The proposed project would represent approximately 20 percent of the population increase that would be generated under cumulative conditions. This would exceed the projected 2035 population by Southern California Council of Governments (SCAG) by approximately 10,400 residents. However, growth would be within the population anticipated by the City’s General Plan projected development capacity of 166,250 residents, as discussed in Section 3.11, Population and Housing. Impacts related to thresholds established by resource agencies that rely on SCAG population projections, such as SCAQMD, are analyzed in the appropriate sections of this Draft EIR. However, given that this growth has been anticipated by the City, the proposed project would not considerably contribute to population and housing impacts, and the cumulative impact would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Public Services The proposed project, in combination with the projects listed on Table 4-1, would increase the demand on the City’s public service providers, including police and fire protection, emergency services, schools, parks, libraries, and hospitals. Fire Protection and Emergency Services The project in combination with other cumulative projects would result in a cumulative effect on fire protection and emergency service. Cumulative projects could require new or expanded fire /life safety facilities to meet the increased demand generated by these projects. The fire department would evaluate these projects on an individual basis to determine appropriate Altair Specific Plan 4-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts mitigation measures that would address potential impacts associated with new demand. In addition, the project and cumulative projects would be required to participate in the City’s Development Impact Fee Program which charges impact fees on new development to provide for future fire facilities. With the fair share payment of impact fees, the project would have a less than cumulatively considerable impact on fire/life safety services. Significance Determination: Less than significant Police Protection The project in combination with other cumulative projects would result in a cumulative effect on police protection. Cumulative projects could require new or expanded police facilities to meet the increased demand generated by these projects. The police department would evaluate these projects on an individual basis to determine appropriate mitigation measures that would address potential impacts associated with new demand. In addition, the project and cumulative projects would be required to participate in the City’s Development Impact Fee Program which charges impact fees on new development to provide for future police facilities. With the fair share payment of impact fees, the project would have a less than cumulatively considerable impact on police protection. Significance Determination: Less than significant Schools The geographic area in which cumulative effects to schools could occur would be the Temecula Valley Unified School District (TVUSD), which serves the project site and surrounding area. As discussed in Section 3.12, the project would generate 1,971 students. While the schools serving the project area currently have sufficient capacity to handle additional numbers of students generated by the project, a new elementary school would be constructed as part of the project. The proposed project, and any future developments included in the cumulative scenario would be subject to development fees under AB 2926 to accommodate increases in capacity. Given the existing capacity at the schools in the project area, the construction of an elementary school as a part of the project, and the project’s fair share contribution toward future school facilities, the project’s contribution to cumulative impacts would be less than cumulatively considerable. Significance Determination: Less than significant Parks The project would provide approximately 44 acres of recreation and open space for its residents and visitors. The project in combination with other cumulative projects would result in a cumulative effect on park facilities. Cumulative projects could require new or expanded park facilities in order to meet the increased demand generated by these projects. The City would evaluate these projects on an individual basis to determine appropriate mitigation measures that would address potential impacts associated with new demand. In addition, the project and cumulative projects would be required to participate in the City’s Development Impact Fee Altair Specific Plan 4-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts Program which charges impact fees on new development to provide for future park land. With the fair share payment of impact fees, the project would have a less than cumulatively considerable impact on parks. Significance Determination: Less than significant Libraries The geographic area in which cumulative effects to libraries could occur would be the Temecula Public Library service area, which serves the project site and surrounding area. Although the project and cumulative projects would increase the demand for library services, the City’s General Plan accounts for this growth in the forecasted population of 166,250 at the buildout of the Temecula Planning Area (See Section 3.11, Population and Housing). The project and cumulative projects would be required to participate in the City’s Development Impact Fee Program which charges impact fees on new development to provide for public facilities, such as libraries. With the fair share payment of impact fees, the project would have a less than cumulatively considerable impact on libraries. Significance Determination: Less than significant Hospitals The project and cumulative projects would increase the population in the area which would increase the demand for healthcare services. As stated in Section 3.12, the Temecula Valley Hospital Building was designed for future expansion to help accommodate the area’s continued growth, and the hospital’s 37-acre campus can accommodate additional expansion as community needs grow, including needs related to cumulative development (Universal Health Services, 2015). In addition, other hospitals and medical centers in within the project area (such as the Temecula Regional Hospital) would be able to serve the project and cumulative projects. Therefore, the cumulative impacts to hospital facilities would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Transportation and Traffic The transportation and circulation analysis for the project as presented in Section 3.13, Transportation and Traffic, inherently analyzes the cumulative scenario in its analysis of project- related traffic impacts because it must take into consideration future conditions in order to analyze the Project’s full contribution to future traffic scenarios. The analysis uses a blended approach that includes a list-of-projects approach (Table 4-1) and a plan-based approach (General Plan). Development of the Specific Plan would cause the General Plan Build Out (2035) level of service at Ynez Road and Rancho California Road (Intersection #5) to degrade from an unacceptable LOS E during the AM peak hour, and would cause the average delay to increase by more than the 2.0-second threshold of significance. Altair Specific Plan 4-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts The addition of an exclusive eastbound right turn lane as identified under Cumulative Plus Project conditions and the construction of one additional northbound left turn lane would improve intersection operations to an acceptable LOS D. This mitigation would require widening of the roadway; however all four quadrants of this intersection are developed and there is limited right- of-way surrounding the intersection. The additional northbound left turn lane improvement would encroach into the adjacent pond/park on the southeast quadrant and would be infeasible to construct. Given the right-of-way constraints at this location, there is no feasible mitigation. Therefore, this impact is considered significant and unavoidable. Significance Determination: Significant and unavoidable Utilities Water The geographic scope for cumulative impacts on water resources is the Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Basin. Rancho California Water District (RCWD) water consists of local groundwater (33 percent), imported water (56 percent) and recycled water (11 percent). In 2013, the approximate amount of total potable water demand in the RCWD service area was 68,000 AF (RCWD, 2015). Water demands within the area are expected to increase by almost 28,000 AF by 2041. Despite the fact that RCWD declared a Stage 4a Water Supply Warning in March 2015, RCWD projects an adequate long-term water supply strategy that will meet water demands until 2050 (RCWD, 2015). The projects in the cumulative scenario, in addition to other various projects throughout jurisdictions which overly the groundwater basin, potentially contribute to cumulative environmental impacts. These projects have the potential to increase the demand for water from the groundwater basin. Given the multi-year drought conditions and overall water shortages in California, cumulative impacts to water supply would be potentially significant. However, water providers in the Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Basin, such as RCWD, are required to prepare plans to ensure adequate water supplies exist for future growth. As described in the Water Supply Assessment prepared for the project, RCWD has adequate water supplies to meet demands of the project in addition to the anticipated demands of the entire service area through 2041 in normal year, single-dry-year, and multiple-dry-year conditions. As shown in Table 4-3, the water demand analysis prepared for the Altair Specific Plan by RCWD shows the build-out of the project would increase RCWD’s potable and recycled water demand by approximately 452 AFY and 99 AFY, respectively by the year 2041. The water supply projections are anticipated to increase through year 2041 despite drought and environmental restrictions; this is mainly due to efficiencies in water allocation management as well as use of increased recycled water supply. Table 4-3 demonstrates that projected supplies exceed demand through the year 2041, while factoring in the projected demand required for the project and other cumulative projects, including projects developed under the Uptown Jefferson Specific Plan and Temecula Creek Inn Specific Plan. These projections consider land use, water development programs and projects, and water conservation. The available supplies and water demands for Altair Specific Plan 4-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts RCWD’s water service area were analyzed to assess RCWD’s ability to satisfy demands during three hydrologic scenarios: a normal water year, single dry water year, and multiple-dry water years (RWCD, 2015b). The WSA presented the supply-demand balance for each of the hydrologic scenarios for the 25-year planning period 2016 to 2041. It is expected that RCWD will be able to meet 100 percent of its dry year demand under every scenario (RWCD, 2015b). As a result, the project would not considerably contribute to cumulative water demand, and the cumulative impact would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant TABLE 4-3 PROJECTED POTABLE WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND NORMAL WATER YEAR (AF) Water Supply/Demands 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 SUPPLIES Treated 40,122 49,464 53,827 58,190 62,595 67,083 Untreated – groundwater recharge/recovery 12,512 18,300 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 Untreated – SMR discharges 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 Local Groundwater 26,500 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 24,120 Total Potable Supplies 89,415 103,152 107,598 111,919 116,408 120,897 Recycled (EMWD/RCWD)1 9,156 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 DEMAND District2 70,299 74,334 78,569 82,684 86,959 91,324 Altair Specific Plan 224 713 621 526 473 452 Uptown Jefferson Specific Plan 0 244 608 1,151 1,479 1,616 Temecula Creek Inn Specific Plan 0 636 720 720 720 720 Total Potable Demands 70,523 75,927 80,518 85,081 89,631 94,112 Recycled (District) 9,156 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 9,604 Recycled (Project) 0 99 99 99 99 99 Recycled Temecula Creek Inn Specific Plan 0 <2> <2> <2> <2> <2> SUPPLY/DEMAND DIFFERENCE 18,892 27,225 27,080 26,838 26,777 26,785 1 Recycled water supply includes SRWRF 2010 capacity of 3,160 AF, increased by 2880 AF in 2015 and another 560 AF in 2020; current EMWD agreement for TVWRF water is for up to 5,000 AFY. 2 The rate of potable demand increase from 2018 to 2043 is projected to be consistent with the rate of service area population increase over the same period. Potable demand includes water conveyed outside the RCWD service area, but does not include unaccounted-for water. SOURCE: RCWD, 2015. Wastewater Buildout of the project and cumulative projects would add demand for wastewater services within the service area of the RCWD. The Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Plant has an excess treatment capacity of approximately 2 million gallons per day (MGD), and would have sufficient capacity to process the additional average wastewater flow of 431,086 gallons per day that would be Altair Specific Plan 4-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts generated by buildout of the project. Assuming per-capita wastewater generation would be similar for cumulative projects as it is for the proposed project, 2 MGD of excess treatment capacity would accommodate cumulative projects. In addition, cumulative projects are geographically spread out and would not all utilize the same sewer lines or treatment facilities, such as the larger related projects, Pechanga Resort Expansion and Temecula Creek Inn, being serviced by the Eastern Municipal Water District wastewater facilities. Additional future development projects would be required to verify that existing capacity exists to convey and treat the wastewater generated by the new development. Therefore, cumulative impacts to wastewater facilities would be less than significant. Significance Determination: Less than significant Stormwater Drainage The geographic scope for cumulative impacts on stormwater drainage includes the Murrieta Hydrologic Area. As described previously, the project site is generally pervious open space. Storm water runoff from the westerly foothills flows easterly across the project site and directly or indirectly into Murrieta Creek. The project would result in an increase in impervious surface on the project site through the provision of the buildings and streets. An increase in impervious areas would increase the volume and rate of stormwater flows from the project site. As a result, the project would increase the rate or amount of surface runoff and would add additional flow to the existing stormwater drainage facilities. However, the project would filter runoff to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable, as required by the MS4 Permit and WQMP requirements for the project. This would also reduce the rate and volume of discharge from the site during a storm event. Therefore, the project would not result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to the stormwater drainage systems. Cumulative projects would be required to implement similar measures as the proposed project when obtaining the relevant permits, including compliance with the MS4 Permit and Model WQMP requirements. Thus, the incremental effects of individual projects under the cumulative scenario would not cause a substantial cumulative impact as related to drainage systems. Significance Determination: Less than significant Solid Waste Development associated with buildout of the project and cumulative projects would impact solid waste collection and disposal services. Temecula, along with cities in the surrounding area, would continue to use common landfill resources, thereby reducing the capacity of local landfills including the El Sobrante Sanitary Landfill, which accepts waste from the project area. Although the project would not significantly impact existing landfill capacity (see Section 3.14, Utilities), the increase in solid waste generation from implementation of the project and cumulative projects together could significantly impact the finite resources associated with solid waste disposal. The project would result in an increased generation of 25,770 pounds (12 tons) of solid waste per day compared to existing conditions in the project area. Waste generated by the project area would be Altair Specific Plan 4-19 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 4. Cumulative Impacts hauled to the El Sobrante landfill, which accepts a maximum of 16,054 tons per day. The project would result in an increase of less than 0.07 percent of the maximum permitted waste per day. Cumulative projects are similar in nature and would require similar amounts of waste disposal. Because the landfill is operating with capacity until 2045, there is sufficient capacity to support the project and cumulative projects. In addition, individual development projects and related projects would be required to meet recycling objectives, reducing the amount of solid waste requiring disposal at landfills. All development projects would be required to comply with federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste. Pursuant to the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989 (AB 939), every city and county in the state is required to divert 50 percent of solid waste generated in its jurisdiction away from landfills. Implementation of source reduction measures would continue to divert solid waste away from landfills. The contribution of the project to cumulative impacts associated with landfill capacity would be less than cumulatively considerable. Significance Determination: Less than significant Altair Specific Plan 4-20 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 CHAPTER 5 Alternatives 5.1 Introduction According to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines, an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) must describe a reasonable range of alternatives to a project that could feasibly attain most of the basic project objectives, and would avoid or substantially lessen the project’s significant environmental effects. This alternatives analysis summarizes the alternatives screening process conducted to identify feasible alternatives that meet project objectives. As required by CEQA, this analysis first considers which alternatives can meet most of the basic project objectives, and then to what extent those remaining alternatives can avoid or reduce the environmental impacts associated with the project. Information used to select an “environmentally superior alternative,” is also provided in this chapter. 5.1.1 CEQA Requirements Section 15126.6(f) of the CEQA Guidelines provides direction on the required alternatives analysis: The range of alternatives required in an EIR is governed by a “rule of reason” that requires the EIR to set forth only those alternatives necessary to permit a reasoned choice. The alternatives shall be limited to ones that would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the project. Of those alternatives, the EIR need examine in detail only the ones that the Lead Agency determines could feasibly attain most of the basic objectives of the project. The range of feasible alternatives shall be selected and discussed in a manner to foster meaningful public participation and informed decision making. The alternatives may include a different type of project, modification of the project, or suitable alternative project sites. An EIR need not consider every conceivable alternative to a project. Rather, the alternatives must be limited to ones that meet the project objectives, are feasible, and would avoid or substantially lessen at least one of the significant environmental effects of the project. “Feasible” means capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable period of time, taking into account economic, environmental, legal, social, and technological factors. Section 15126.6(b) of the CEQA Guidelines states that an EIR: …must identify ways to mitigate or avoid the significant effects that a project may have on the environment, the discussion of alternatives shall focus on alternatives to the project or its location which are capable of avoiding or substantially lessening any significant effects of the project, even if these alternatives would impede to some degree the attainment of the project objectives, or could be more costly. Altair Specific Plan 5-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives Section 15126.6(d) of the CEQA Guidelines provides further guidance on the extent of alternatives analysis required: The EIR shall include sufficient information about each alternative to allow meaningful evaluation, analysis, and comparison with the proposed project. A matrix displaying the major characteristics and significant environmental effects of each alternative may be used to summarize the comparison. If an alternative would cause one or more significant effects in addition to those that would be caused by the project as proposed, the significant effects of the alternative shall be discussed, but in less detail than the significant effects of the project as proposed. The EIR must briefly describe the rationale for selection and rejection of alternatives and the information the Lead Agency relied on when making the selection. It also should identify any alternatives considered but rejected as infeasible by the Lead Agency during the scoping process and briefly explain the reasons for the exclusion. Alternatives may be eliminated from detailed consideration in the EIR if they fail to meet most of the project objectives, are infeasible, or do not avoid any significant environmental effects. Section 15126.6(e)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines also requires that the No Project Alternative must be addressed in this analysis. The purpose of evaluating the No Project Alternative is to allow decision-makers to compare the potential consequences of the project with the consequences that would occur without implementation of the project. Finally, an EIR must identify the environmentally superior alternative. The No Project Alternative may be the environmentally superior alternative to the project based on the minimization or avoidance of physical environmental impacts. However, the No Project Alternative must also achieve the project objectives in order to be selected as the environmentally superior alternative. CEQA Guidelines (Section 15126.6(e)(2)) require that if the environmentally superior alternative is the No Project Alternative, the EIR shall identify an environmentally superior alternative among other alternatives. Project Objectives As described in Chapter 2, Project Description, of this Draft EIR, the following objectives have been established for the project and will aid decision makers in the review of the project and associated environmental impacts: • Plan and implement a project that is consistent with the goals and policies of the City of Temecula General Plan. (A General Plan Amendment to the Circulation Element is needed to achieve these goals and policies.) • Balance the need for local infrastructure improvement and demand for new housing in and around Old Town while minimizing physical and visual impacts to the hillside escarpment, wildlife movement, and conservation areas. • Develop a high-quality residential component on the project site that focuses on providing diverse housing types and a wide range of densities that would serve a variety of age groups and household sizes, support the commercial enterprises of Old Town Altair Specific Plan 5-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives Temecula, help to fulfill the city’s regional housing needs, and foster a unique community identity where each neighborhood is unique, vibrant, diverse, and inclusive. • Create a project that reduces dependency on the automobile and encourages the use of an extensive multi-use trail system that would link neighborhood villages and community- wide uses within the project and to Old Town Temecula. • Provide for limited/incidental neighborhood-oriented commercial uses to serve the needs of the project’s residents, such as coffee shop, ice cream store, or small restaurants. • Promote design that minimizes water usage by using a relatively drought-tolerant landscape palette, clustered development, and attractive community spaces rather than traditional water-intensive private lawns. • Provide water quality management facilities that are incorporated within the landscape features and designed to create settings that mimic the natural hillside attributes. • Establish an efficient, interconnected multi-modal transportation network that includes a Western Bypass Corridor and vehicular, transit/trolley, and pedestrian/bikeway circulation systems that would improve center-of-city traffic conditions. • Provide public amenities close to Old Town Temecula that include a park in the center of the project, plazas, trails, a play field, and an elementary school accommodating 600–730 students, which further diversify and contribute to the Old Town’s amenities. • Provide for a civic site of adequate size that accommodates up to 450,000 building square feet for an educational, institutional, or other business use for the benefit of the public, and be integrated into the overall project design in a way that maximizes compatibility with other proposed land uses within the Specific Plan, and provides a strong visual connection and close access to Interstate 15. 5.1.2 Review of Significant Environmental Impacts Based on the CEQA Guidelines, several factors need to be considered in determining the range of alternatives to be analyzed in an EIR and the level of analytical detail that should be provided for each alternative. These factors include: (1) the nature of the significant impacts of the proposed project; (2) the ability of alternatives to avoid or lessen the significant impacts associated with the project; (3) the ability of the alternatives to meet the objectives of the project; and (4) the feasibility of the alternatives. The alternatives examined in this chapter would lessen at least some of the significant impacts associated with implementation of the project, while meeting many of the project objectives. As the Lead Agency, the City of Temecula will decide whether to proceed with the project or whether to accept or reject any of the alternatives identified in this chapter. As required by the CEQA Guidelines, if the City ultimately rejects an alternative, the rationale for the rejection will be presented in the findings that are required to be made before the City certifies the EIR and takes action on the project. Altair Specific Plan 5-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives The proposed project has the potential to have significant adverse effects on: • Air Quality (project and cumulative level) • Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions (cumulative level) • Noise and Vibration (project and cumulative level) • Transportation and Traffic (project and cumulative level) Even with the mitigation measures described in Chapter 3, Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures of this Draft EIR, impacts in these issue areas would be significant and unavoidable. 5.1.3 Alternatives Not Evaluated in This EIR An EIR must briefly describe the rationale for selection and rejection of alternatives. The Lead Agency may make an initial determination as to which alternatives are potentially feasible and, therefore, merit in-depth consideration, and which are clearly infeasible. Alternatives that are remote or speculative, or the effects of which cannot be reasonably predicted, need not be considered (CEQA Guidelines, Section 15126.6(f)(3)). An alternative site or location for the project need not be considered when its implementation is “remote and speculative” such as the site being out of the purview of the lead agency or beyond the control of a project applicant. Alternative sites were not selected for evaluation (as briefly discussed below). The CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.6(f)(2) specifies that the key question with alternative sites is “whether any of the significant effects of the project would be avoided or substantially lessened by putting the project at another location.” The project would involve adoption of a Specific Plan with the intent of creating a complementary residential component to the Old Town Specific Plan area through development of a pedestrian-oriented community within walking or cycling distance of Old Town, and developing the Western Bypass. The objectives of this project rely on proximity to Old Town for providing a residential community within walking distance and for development of the Western Bypass, which is intended to alleviate traffic congestion that currently exists within Old Town. Therefore, it would not be feasible to consider other site locations for this project. 5.2 Project Alternatives Three alternative scenarios, representing a range of reasonable alternatives to the project, were selected for detailed analysis. The goal for evaluating these alternatives is to identify ways to avoid or lessen the significant environmental effects resulting from implementation of the project, while attaining most of the project objectives. The following sections provide a general description of each alternative, its ability to meet the project objectives, and a qualitative discussion of its comparative environmental impacts. As provided in Section 15126.6(d) of the CEQA Guidelines, the significant effects of these alternatives are identified in less detail than the analysis of the project in Chapter 3 of this Draft EIR. Altair Specific Plan 5-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives Alternative 1: No Project/No Development Alternative This alternative is analyzed within this EIR as it is required under CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.6(e). According to Section 15126.6(e)(2) of the CEQA Guidelines, the “no project” analysis shall discuss, “…what is reasonably expected to occur in the foreseeable future if the project were not approved, based on current plans and consistent with available infrastructure and community services.” This alternative represents a “no build” scenario in which no future development would occur. The No Project/No Development Alternative assumes that the Altair Specific Plan would not be adopted and implemented. Instead, the planning area would be left in its current undeveloped and mostly undisturbed state. Alternative 2: No Project/Existing Specific Plan Alternative Under this alternative, the project site would be developed with the approved Westside Villages Specific Plan (SP-8), per the existing zoning designation. The Westside Villages Specific Plan would involve development of a 154.1-acre area, which is a smaller area than the project site for the proposed project and would not include the 55-acre South Parcel that is located roughly to the south of Camino Estribo. Under this alternative, the project site would be bisected by the Western Bypass and divided into five separate planning areas (A through E) that each have a separate land use; however, it would not be developed with the “villages” concept that is proposed under the project. Planning Area A is located in the center of the project site, closest to Old Town. This area would allow for a “Wild West,” open-air arena and a hotel. Planning Area B, which is located at the intersection of First Street and the Western Bypass, and is designated for neighborhood commercial uses, would allow for local-serving retail uses, such as a small market or drug store. Planning Area C, which is located in the southern portion of the project site, would allow for high -density residential uses. The Mixed Use designation of Planning Area D, which is located in the northern section of the Specific Plan area, is intended to act as a transitional area between the special event uses of the Specific Plan and the existing office and business park uses located to the north of the Specific Plan area. As such, Planning Area D would allow for service commercial, office, and light industrial uses. Planning Area E, which would be west of the Western Bypass would be designated for 80 gross acres of open space and would remain undeveloped. The project would also provide for pedestrian connectivity between the various planning areas and Old Town. Table 5-1 outlines the land uses and amount of development for each planning area under this alternative. Although this alternative would allow for more commercial development (120,000 square feet versus the maximum 22,000 square feet proposed as part of the project), overall, it would represent a reduced project alternative to the proposed project due to the significantly fewer residential units that would be developed, and the absence of the civic use and elementary school. Altair Specific Plan 5-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives TABLE 5-1 SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVE 2 DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL Planning Area Land Use Designation Gross Acres Net Acres Floor Space Dwelling Units Low High A Special Event Commercial 47.7 44.2 50,000 B Neighborhood Commercial 5.4 4.4 45,000 C High Density Residential 18.1 15.1 196 302 D Mixed Use 2.8 1.7 20,000 E Open Space 80.1 69.3 Total 154.1 134.7 120,000 196 302 SOURCE: Westside Specific Plan, 1995. Alternative 3: Relocate Civic Use Alternative Under this alternative, the proposed project would maintain most of the project elements including the eight residential villages with the proposed residential densities, a small amount of neighborhood-serving commercial uses, the educational/institutional use, and the extension of the Western Bypass along the proposed alignment. However, under this alternative, the proposed educational/institutional use (e.g., college) would be relocated from the South Parcel to the area of the proposed elementary school site (Village C); and the elementary school eliminated from the project. The intent of this alternative is to reduce potential impacts to biological and cultural resources; namely, for biological resources, the restricted wildlife corridor widths associated with Proposed Linkage 10 and Constrained Linkage 13; and, for cultural resources, the National- register-listed Origin Landscape Traditional Cultural Property (TCP) and an archaeological site located on the South Parcel. Table 5-2 provides a summary of each alternative’s ability to meet the project objectives. Altair Specific Plan 5-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives TABLE 5-2 ABILITY OF ALTERNATIVES TO MEET PROJECT OBJECTIVES Project Objectives Alt. 1: No Project/No Development Alt. 2: No Project/ Existing Specific Plan Alternative Alt. 3: Relocate Civic Use Alternative Plan and implement a project that is consistent with the goals and policies of the City of Temecula General Plan. (A General Plan Amendment to the Circulation Element is needed to achieve these goals and policies.) No Yes Yes Balance the need for local infrastructure improvement and demand for new housing in and around Old Town while minimizing physical and visual impacts to the hillside escarpment, wildlife corridors, and conservation areas. No Yes Yes Develop a high-quality residential component on the project site which focuses on providing diverse housing types and a wide range of densities that would serve a variety of age groups and household sizes, support the commercial enterprises of Old Town Temecula, help to fulfill the city’s regional housing needs, and foster a unique community identity where each neighborhood is unique, vibrant, diverse, and inclusive. No No Yes Create a project that reduces dependency on the automobile and encourages the use of an extensive multi-use trail system that would link neighborhood villages and community-wide uses within the project and to Old Town Temecula. No Yes Yes Provide for limited/incidental neighborhood-oriented commercial uses to serve the needs of the project’s residents, such as coffee shop, ice cream store, or small restaurants. No Yes Yes Promote design that minimizes water usage by using a relatively drought-tolerant landscape palette, clustered development, and attractive community spaces rather than traditional water- intensive private lawns. No Yes Yes Provide water quality management facilities that are incorporated within the landscape features and designed to create settings that mimic the natural hillside attributes No No Yes Establish an efficient, interconnected multi-modal transportation network that includes a Western Bypass Corridor and vehicular, transit/trolley, and pedestrian/bikeway circulation systems that would improve center-of-city traffic conditions. No Yes Yes Provide public amenities close to Old Town Temecula that include a park in the center of the project, plazas, trails, a play field, and an elementary school accommodating 600–730 students, which further diversify and contribute to the Old Town’s amenities. No No No Provide for a civic site of adequate size that accommodates up to 450,000 building square feet for an educational, institutional, or other business use for the benefit of the public, and be integrated into the overall project design in a way that maximizes compatibility with other proposed land uses within the Specific Plan, and provides a strong visual connection and close access to Interstate 15. No No No Altair Specific Plan 5-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives 5.3 Impact Analysis The following is a comparison of environmental impacts associated with each alternative to those identified for the proposed project. Alternative 1: No Project/No Development Alternative Aesthetics With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to aesthetics (see Section 3.1). Under Alternative 1, the project site would remain undeveloped, retaining its current visual character; therefore, no views of the site would be altered and no new sources of light and glare would be created. This alternative would have fewer impacts on aesthetics compared to the project. Air Quality The proposed project would result in significant and unavoidable impacts to air quality due to operations (see Section 3.2). Under Alternative 1, there would be no construction-related emissions (from construction activities, vehicles and equipment), and no operational emissions (associated with increased traffic and consumer usage) as is associated with the proposed project. As a result, this alternative would have fewer impacts on air quality compared to the project. Biological Resources The project would result in permanent impacts to approximately 181 acres of upland habitat and approximately 1.2 acres of riparian/riverine habitat (see Section 3.3). With mitigation, the proposed project would have a less-than-significant impact on wildlife corridors. Under Alternative 1, there would be no development and, as such, no impact on sensitive upland or riparian/riverine habitats, or special status plant and wildlife species. This alternative would not result in wildlife corridor impacts as the area would remain in its existing, undeveloped state. Overall, Alternative 1 would have fewer impacts on biological resources compared to the project. Cultural Resources Construction of the proposed project would include soil excavation which has the potential to encounter historical and paleontological resources. With mitigation, the proposed project’s impact on these resources is less than significant (see Section 3.4). Under Alternative 1, no grading activities would occur that could unearth historical resources or disturb paleontological resources. Therefore, the potential to encounter these resources is less compared to the proposed project. Geology, Soils, and Seismicity The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts related to exposure to geologic resources (see Section 3.5). Under Alternative 1, the site would not be developed and the potential effects associated with geology and soils, such soil erosion during construction, would not occur. This alternative would have fewer impacts to geology, soils and seismicity compared to the project. Altair Specific Plan 5-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts related to GHG emissions (see Section 3.6). Under Alternative 1, the project site would not be developed and increased GHG emissions would not occur. Therefore, this alternative would result in fewer effects related to global warming and climate change than the project. Hazards and Hazardous Materials The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to hazards and hazardous materials (see Section 3.7). Under Alternative 1, construction-related hazardous materials would not be brought to the site, nor would hazardous materials such as landscaping sprays or household cleaning products. Therefore, this alternative would result in fewer impacts related to hazards and hazardous materials compared to the project. Hydrology and Water Quality With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to hydrology and water quality (see Section 3.8). Under Alternative 1, there would be no increase of impervious surfaces and no change to the natural drainage patterns of the site. No improvements would be required for water quality treatment. This alternative would result in fewer hydrology and water quality impacts compared to the proposed project. Land Use and Planning The proposed project would be consistent with the City of Temecula General Plan by providing a complementary residential land use to the Old Town commercial district. Also, the project is consistent with goals and policies of the General Plan that aim to conserve natural resources and those that consider development compatibility. Upon adoption of the General Plan Amendment, the project would be in conformance with the General Plan. In addition, with implementation of mitigation measures that address urban/wildlands interface, noise, and conservation of land in Sections 3.3 and 3.10 of this EIR, the proposed project would be consistent with goals and objectives of the MSHCP. Under Alternative 1, no development would occur and the onsite open space would remain in its current state. As such, this alternative would not change existing land use or have an effect on land use plans and policies related to the project site. This alternative would result in fewer effects on adopted land use plans and policies compared to the project. Noise and Vibration The proposed project would result in significant and unavoidable impacts from temporary construction activities occurring at each individual development site in the project area which could potentially expose their respective adjacent or nearby receptor(s) to substantial increases in ambient noise levels and vibration (see Section 3.10). Under Alternative 1, there would be no change to existing ambient noise levels or introduction of a new source of noise, or an increase in vibration. The significant construction noise and vibration under the proposed project would not occur. This alternative would result in fewer impacts from noise and vibration compared to the project. Altair Specific Plan 5-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives Population and Housing The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to population and housing (see Section 3.11). Under Alternative 1, no new housing and no increase in population would occur. Therefore, Alternative 1 would have fewer impacts to population and housing compared to the project. Public Services The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts on public services (see Section 3.12). Alternative 1 would not result in any additional population at the project site, and, therefore, would not result in an increased demand on existing fire protection, police protection, public schools, libraries, or hospitals. Under Alternative 1, no impacts on public services would occur. Therefore, Alternative 1 would have fewer impacts to public services compared to the project. Transportation and Traffic With mitigation, the proposed project would result a less-than-significant impact on traffic (see Section 3.13), except under the cumulative scenario. The proposed project would result in a significant cumulative impact on traffic due the unfeasibility of widening Temecula Parkway between La Paz Road and Wabash Lane. Under Alternative 1, no additional traffic would be generated by uses on the project site and this alternative would result in no impacts related to traffic and circulation. Thus, Alternative 1 would result in fewer impacts when compared to the proposed project. Utilities and Water Supply Assessment The proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact on utilities and water supply (see Section 3.14). Under Alternative 1, the project site would not be developed and no increase demand for water, wastewater, or solid waste services would occur. Thus, under Alternative 1, impacts to utilities and service systems would not occur. As a result, this alternative would have fewer impacts to utilities and water supply compared to the project. Alternative 2: No Project/Existing Specific Plan Alternative Aesthetics With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to aesthetics (see Section 3.1). Under Alternative 2, a 120,000-square-foot entertainment and tourist retail shopping area would be developed as compared to the maximum 22,000 square feet of neighborhood commercial under the proposed project. This entertainment area would include retail commercial buildings, an open-air, tented arena, and a hotel. Development standards allow a maximum building height of 150 feet (approximately five stories). This “Old Town Entertainment Center” would be located near the center of the project site overlooking Old Town. High density multi-family residential with active and passive open space would be located at the southeastern portion of the project, and mixed-use (commercial, office, business park) located at the northeastern portion of the project site. While Alternative 2 would have less building square Altair Specific Plan 5-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives footage than the proposed project, the height and mass of individual buildings could have similar visual impact on the landscape. Overall, aesthetic impacts of Alternative 2 would be similar to the proposed project. Air Quality The proposed project would have a significant and unavoidable impact on air quality from operations that result in long-term regional emissions of criteria air pollutants and ozone precursors which exceed applicable thresholds (see Section 3.2). According to the traffic study prepared for the project, development of the project would result in a net increase of 19,232 vehicle trips per day. Implementation of Alternative 2 would result in a conservative estimate of 7,446 vehicle trips per day. This reduction in vehicle trips and related mobile-source emissions would result in Alternative 2 having fewer impacts to air quality than the project. Biological Resources The project would result in permanent impacts to approximately 181 acres of upland habitat and approximately 1.2 acres of riparian/riverine habitat (see Section 3.3). With mitigation, the proposed project would have a less-than-significant impact on adjacent wildlife corridors. Under Alternative 2, the 55-acre South Parcel would not be developed as it would not be part of the project site. This would reduce impacts to wildlife corridors that occur under the proposed project, in particular Proposed Linkage 10 and Constrained Linkage 13. However, Alternative 2 maintains the original alignment for the Western Bypass. This alignment is located further west of the new alignment under the proposed project and would result in impacts to an additional 55 acres of sensitive habitat and greater reduction in corridor width along Proposed Linkage 10 compared to the project. As such, Alternative 2 would have similar impacts to biological resources compared to the project. Cultural Resources Construction of the proposed project would include soil excavation which has the potential to encounter historical and paleontological resources. With mitigation, the proposed project’s impact on these resources is less than significant (see Section 3.4). Under Alternative 2, the 55-acre South Parcel at the south end of the proposed project would not be developed. This would result in the avoidance of a TCP and potential cultural resources that could be encounter during soil excavation. As such, Alternative 2 would have fewer impacts to cultural resource compared to the project. Geology, Soils, and Seismicity The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts related to exposure to geologic resources (see Section 3.5). Alternative 2 would have 1,449 fewer residential dwelling units at maximum buildout, and, therefore, would expose less people and structures to potential adverse effects of seismic groundshaking. However, development under Alternative 2 would be subject to the same building codes and regulations as the proposed project, which requires structural design that can accommodate ground accelerations expected from known active faults. As a result, Alternative 2 would have similar exposure to geologic hazards as the project. Altair Specific Plan 5-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts related to GHG emissions (see Section 3.6). Alternative 2, at buildout, would have an estimated 11,786 vehicular trips per day less than the proposed project. As a result, Alternative 2 would have fewer GHG emissions compared to the project. Hazards and Hazardous Materials The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to hazards and hazardous materials (see Section 3.7). Similar to the proposed project, Alternative 2 would be required to follow applicable regulations and guidelines regarding storage and handling of hazardous waste. As such, Alternative 2 would have similar impacts related to hazards and hazardous materials compared to the project. Hydrology and Water Quality With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to hydrology and water quality (see Section 3.8). Alternative 2 would have higher intensity commercial development (120,000 square feet versus 22,000 square feet) but lower intensity residential development (302 dwelling units versus 1,750 dwelling units) than the project. Overall, it would represent a reduced project alternative to the proposed project due to the significantly fewer residential units that would be developed, and the absence of the civic use and elementary school. The reduced alternative would have less impervious surface than the proposed project. As such, Alternative 2 would have fewer effects on hydrology and water quality compared to the project. Land Use and Planning The proposed project would be consistent with the City of Temecula General Plan by providing a complementary residential land use to the Old Town commercial district. Also, the project is consistent with goals and policies of the General Plan that aim to conserve natural resources and those that consider development compatibility. The project would require a General Plan Amendment which would modify the City’s existing General Plan Land Use Policy Map and sections in the Land Use and Circulation Elements to accommodate the proposed residential villages, institutional/civic uses, and the Western Bypass alignment. Upon adoption of the General Plan Amendment, the project would be in conformance with the General Plan. In addition, with implementation of mitigation measures that address urban/wildlands interface, noise, and conservation of land in Sections 3.3 and 3.10 of this EIR, the proposed project would be consistent with goals and policies of the MSHCP. It is expected that development under Alternative 2 would be required to adhere to similar measures. Alternative 2 would result in a greater buffer between urban development and an area where three streams converge (Murrieta Creek, Temecula Creek, and Santa Margarita River) south of the project site. This would result in a greater degree of consistency with MSHCP goals and policies associated with wildlife corridors. Therefore, Alternative 2 would have fewer impacts to land use and planning compared to the project. Therefore, Alternative 2 would have similar impacts to land use and planning compared to the project. Altair Specific Plan 5-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives Noise and Vibration The proposed project would result in significant and unavoidable impacts from temporary construction activities occurring at each individual development site in the project area which could potentially expose their respective adjacent or nearby receptor(s) to substantial increases in ambient noise levels and vibration (see Section 3.10). Under Alternative 2, it is assumed that construction phasing would occur not unlike the proposed project and individual lots within the project site would be developed over the course of 10 years. As such, Alternative 2 would have similar effects on nearby receptors during construction compared to the project. Population and Housing The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to population and housing. Using an average household size of 2.63 persons per household, the proposed project could generate a new population of between 2,288 and 4,603 people (see Section 3.11). Using the same persons per household ratio, Alternative 2 is estimated to generate a new population of between 515 and 794 people. Therefore, Alternative 2 would have fewer impacts on population and housing compared to the project. Public Services The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts on public services (see Section 3.12). As noted above, Alternative 2 would generate considerably less population than the project. As a result, there would be less demand for public services such as fire and police protection, parks and libraries; and Alternative 2 would have fewer impacts on public services compared to the project. Transportation and Traffic With mitigation, the proposed project would result a less-than-significant impact on traffic, except under the cumulative scenario (see Section 3.13). The project would result in a significant cumulative impact on traffic due the unfeasibility of widening Temecula Parkway between La Paz Road and Wabash Lane. The project would result in a net increase of 19,232 vehicle trips per day. Implementation of Alternative 2 would result in a conservative estimate of 7,446 vehicle trips per day. The reduction in daily vehicle trips under Alternative 2 may avoid the significant cumulative impact along Temecula Parkway that would result from implementation of the proposed project; and, overall, would have reduced traffic impacts when compared to the project. As such, Alternative 2 would have fewer impacts to traffic compared to the project. Utilities and Water Supply Assessment The proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact on utilities and water supply (see Section 3.14). As noted earlier, Alternative 2 would generate considerably less population than the project. As a result, there would be less demand on utilities such, as solid waste, and water supply. Alternative 2 would have fewer impacts to utilities and water supply compared to the project. Altair Specific Plan 5-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives Alternative 3: Relocate Civic Use Alternative Aesthetics With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to aesthetics (see Section 3.1). Under Alternative 3, the civic use would be relocated from the 55-acre South Parcel to the elementary site, and the elementary school eliminated from the development. The introduction of an educational/institutional use with up to 450,000 square feet of building area would result in an increase in building height and mass compared with an elementary school. However, considering that residential structures up to five stories would occur at the perimeter of the civic use, the visual character of Alternative 3 as viewed from nearby public roadways would be similar to the project (see Figures 3.1-1 through 3.1-8). As such, Alternative 3 would have similar impacts on aesthetics as the project. Air Quality The proposed project would have a significant and unavoidable impact on air quality from operations that result in long-term regional emissions of criteria air pollutants and ozone precursors which exceed applicable thresholds (see Section 3.2). The primary source of operations emissions is from vehicle trips and related mobile-source emissions. Under Alternative 3, daily vehicle trips would be reduced by an estimated 791 trips. This minor reduction in trips would be not result in a significant reduce in mobile-source emissions. As a result, Alternative 3 would have similar impacts to air quality compared to the project. Biological Resources The project would result in permanent impacts to approximately 181 acres of upland habitat and approximately 1.2 acres of riparian/riverine habitat (see Section 3.3). With mitigation, the proposed project would have a less-than-significant impact on adjacent wildlife corridors. Under Alternative 3, the 55-acre South Parcel would not be developed and the site would be conserved as open space. This would provide greater wildlife corridor width at the southern end of the project where Proposed Linkage 10 and Proposed Constrained Linkage 13 converge, thereby reducing any potential effects on wildlife movement in this vicinity. As a result, Alternative 3 would have fewer impacts to biological resources compared to the project. Cultural Resources Construction of the proposed project would include soil excavation which has the potential to encounter historical and paleontological resources. With mitigation, the proposed project’s impact on these resources is less than significant (see Section 3.4). Under Alternative 3, the 55-acre South Parcel would not be developed. This would result in the avoidance of a TCP and potential cultural resources that could be encounter during soil excavation. As such, Alternative 3 would have fewer impacts to cultural resource compared to the project. Geology, Soils, and Seismicity The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts related to exposure to geologic resources (see Section 3.5). Alternative 3 would have a reduced development footprint with the Altair Specific Plan 5-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives elimination of the elementary school compared with the project; and, therefore, would expose less people and structures to potential adverse effects of seismic groundshaking. However, development under Alternative 3 would be subject to the same building codes and regulations as the proposed project, which requires structural design that can accommodate ground accelerations expected from known active faults. As a result, Alternative 3 would have similar exposure to geologic hazards as the project. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts related to GHG emissions (see Section 3.6). Alternative 3, at buildout, would have an estimated 791 vehicular trips per day less than the proposed project. The resulting reduction in GHG emissions when compared with the project would be negligible. As a result, Alternative 3 would have similar impacts compared to the project. Hazards and Hazardous Materials The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to hazards and hazardous materials (see Section 3.7). Similar to the proposed project, Alternative 3 would be required to follow applicable regulations and guidelines regarding storage and handling of hazardous waste. As such, Alternative 2 would have similar impacts related to hazards and hazardous materials compared to the project. Hydrology and Water Quality With mitigation, the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to hydrology and water quality (see Section 3.8). Alternative 3 would eliminate the elementary school and leave the 55-acre South Parcel in its existing, undeveloped condition; resulting in less impervious surface compared to the project. As such, Alternative 3 would have fewer effects on hydrology and water quality compared to the project. Land Use and Planning The proposed project would be consistent with the City of Temecula General Plan by providing a complementary residential land use to the Old Town commercial district. Also, the project is consistent with goals and policies of the General Plan that aim to conserve natural resources and those that consider development compatibility. The project would require a General Plan Amendment, which would modify the City’s existing General Plan Land Use Policy Map and sections in the Land Use and Circulation Elements to accommodate the proposed residential villages, institutional/civic uses, and the Western Bypass alignment. Upon adoption of the General Plan Amendment, the project would be in conformance with the General Plan. In addition, with implementation of mitigation measures that address urban/wildlands interface, noise, and conservation of land in Sections 3.3 and 3.10 of this EIR, the proposed project would be consistent with goals and objectives of the MSHCP. It is expected that Alternative 3 would also involve a General Plan Amendment and be required to adhere to similar mitigation measures. Alternative 3 would have similar land uses (except for the elimination of the elementary school) compared to the project but under a reduced density scenario that would provide a greater buffer Altair Specific Plan 5-15 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives between urban development and an area where three streams converge (Murrieta Creek, Temecula Creek, and Santa Margarita River) at the southern end of the project site. This would result in a greater degree of consistency with MSHCP goals and policies associated with wildlife corridors and conserved lands. However, relocating the civic use to the proposed elementary school site would introduce a higher intensity land use that would be less compatible with the planned residential uses for that area, and would have an adverse effect on the internal street system as described under the heading Transportation and Traffic, below. Therefore, Alternative 3 would have similar impacts to land use and planning compared to the project. Noise and Vibration The proposed project would result in significant and unavoidable impacts from temporary construction activities occurring at each individual development site in the project area which could potentially expose their respective adjacent or nearby receptor(s) to substantial increases in ambient noise levels and vibration (see Section 3.10). Under Alternative 3, it is assumed that construction phasing would be similar to the proposed project and individual lots within the project site would be developed over the course of 10 years. As such, Alternative 3 would have similar effects on nearby receptors during construction compared to the project. Population and Housing The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to population and housing. Using an average household size of 2.63 persons per household, the proposed project could generate a new population of between 2,288 and 4,603 people (see Section 3.11). Alternative 3 would allow the same range of dwelling units as the project. Therefore, Alternative 3 would have similar impacts on population and housing as the project. Public Services The proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts on public services (see Section 3.12). As noted above, Alternative 3 would generate similar population as the project but would not have an elementary school and associate recreation/open space. As such, there would be a greater demand for public services such as public parks and open space, but fewer demands police and fire protection. Overall, Alternative 3 would have similar impacts on public services compared to the project. Transportation and Traffic With mitigation, the proposed project would result a less-than-significant impact on traffic, except under the cumulative scenario (see Section 3.13). The project would result in a significant cumulative impact on traffic due the unfeasibility of widening Temecula Parkway between La Paz Road and Wabash Lane. The project would result in a net increase of 19,232 vehicle trips per day. Implementation of Alternative 3 would result in 791 less vehicle trips per day than the project. This would be a negligible decrease in vehicle trips compared to the project. However, relocating the educational/institutional use to the elementary school site would shift additional trips to the north end of the project site and throughout the site’s internal network, likely having an adverse impact on the internal street network as planned, requiring additional improvements to Altair Specific Plan 5-16 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives intersections along Rancho California Road and the Western Bypass; specifically at Rancho California Road and the Western Bypass, Vincent Moraga Drive and Park Ridge Drive, and A Street and the Western Bypass. As such, Alternative 3 would have similar or greater impacts to traffic compared to the project. Utilities and Water Supply Assessment The proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact on utilities and water supply (see Section 3.14). Alternative 3 would eliminate the elementary school resulting in less demand on utilities such, as solid waste, and water supply compared to the project. As such, Alternative 3 would have fewer impacts on utilities and water supply. 5.4 Environmentally Superior Alternative An EIR must identify the environmentally superior alternative. The No Project/No Development Alternative (Alternative 1) would be environmentally superior to the proposed project based on the minimization or avoidance of physical environmental impacts. However, the No Project/No Development Alternative does not meet any of the project objectives. In addition, CEQA Guidelines (Section 15126.6(c)) require that, if the environmentally superior alternative is the No Project Alternative, the EIR shall also identify an environmentally superior alternative among the other alternatives. A summary comparison of the potential impacts associated with the alternatives and the proposed project is provided in Table 5-3. Based on this comparison, Alternative 2 (No Project/Existing Specific Plan Alternative) is the environmentally superior alternative by reducing or avoiding significant environmental effects. However, Alternative 2 would fail to meet these project objectives: provide diverse housing types and a wide range of densities that would serve a variety of age groups and household sizes; provide water quality management facilities that are incorporated within the landscape features and designed to create settings that mimic the natural hillside; provide public amenities close to Old Town Temecula that include a central park, plazas, trails, a play field, and elementary school; and provide for a civic site of adequate size to accommodate an educational, institutional, or other business use for the benefit of the public. Altair Specific Plan 5-17 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 5. Alternatives TABLE 5-3 IMPACT SUMMARY COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECTA Potential Project Impacts Alt. 1: No Project/No Development Alternative Alt. 2: No Project/Existing Specific Plan Alternative Alt.3: Relocate Civic Use Alternative Aesthetics Reduced Similar Similar Air Quality Reduced Reduced Similar Biological Resources Reduced Similar Reduced Cultural Resources Reduced Reduced Reduced Geology, Soils, and Seismicity Reduced Similar Similar GHG Emissions/Climate Change Reduced Reduced Similar Hazards and Hazardous Materials Reduced Reduced Reduced Hydrology and Water Quality Reduced Reduced Reduced Land Use Reduced Reduced Similar Noise and Vibration Reduced Similar Similar Population and Housing Reduced Reduced Similar Public Services Reduced Reduced Similar Transportation and Traffic Reduced Reduced Similar Utilities and Water Supply Reduced Reduced Reduced a Definitions: • Increased = impacts of alternative greater than proposed project’s impacts • Similar = impacts of alternative similar to proposed project’s impacts • Reduced = impacts of alternative less than proposed project’s impacts Altair Specific Plan 5-18 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 CHAPTER 6 Other CEQA Considerations This chapter presents the evaluation of other types of environmental impacts required by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) that are not covered within the other chapters of this Environmental Impact Report (EIR). Other CEQA considerations include environmental effects that were found not to be significant, growth-inducing impacts, significant irreversible environmental changes that would be caused by the project, and significant and unavoidable adverse impacts. 6.1 Growth -Inducing Impacts Pursuant to Section 15126.2(d) of the CEQA Guidelines, an EIR must address whether a project will directly or indirectly foster growth. Section 15126.2(d) reads as follows: [An EIR shall] discuss the ways in which the proposed project could foster economic or population growth, or the construction of additional housing, either directly or indirectly, in the surrounding environment. Included in this are projects which would remove obstacles to population growth (a major expansion of a wastewater treatment plant, might, for example, allow for more construction in service areas). Increases in population may further tax existing community service facilities, requiring construction of new facilities that could cause significant environmental effects. Also discuss the characteristic of some projects which may encourage and facilitate other activities that could significantly affect the environment, either individually or cumulatively. It must not be assumed that growth in any area is necessarily beneficial, detrimental, or of little significance to the environment. A project’s potential to induce growth does not automatically mean that it will result in growth. The potential for growth is affected by local government regulations including land use plans, land use policies and zoning ordinances. Growth occurs through capital investment in new economic opportunities from both public and private entities. The nature of the resulting growth (i.e., the location, size and type of the development) is also typically the result of numerous factors including local government planning, availability of public services, natural resources, the economic conditions as well as local political and environmental concerns. Consequently, these factors can have an important role in determining the extent of a project’s potential growth- inducing impacts. Typically, the growth-inducing potential of a project would be considered significant if it stimulates human population growth or a population concentration above what is assumed in local and regional land use plans, or in projections made by regional planning authorities. Altair Specific Plan 6-1 ESA / 211247 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 6. Other CEQA Considerations Significant growth potential could also occur if the project provides infrastructure or service capacity to accommodate growth levels beyond those permitted by local or regional plans and policies. As discussed below, this analysis evaluates whether the project would directly or indirectly induce economic, population, or housing growth in the surrounding environment. Direct Growth-Inducing Impacts in the Surrounding Environment A project would directly induce growth if it would remove barriers to population growth such as a change to a jurisdiction’s General Plan and zoning code, which allows new residential development to occur. The approval of the project would result in amendments to the General Plan and to the zoning code to allow for the proposed residential and mixed-use development. The project is anticipated to increase the City of Temecula’s population by approximately 4,603 residents, which is within Southern California Association of Governments’ (SCAG’s) growth projections for the region. The project would provide minimal commercial retail spaces to serve project residents. The construction of these spaces as part of the project would not cause direct population growth as the workforce already exists in the region. In addition, the project is served by the existing infrastructure in the existing urban setting; and any infrastructure upgrades would be to only accommodate the project. At buildout, the project boundaries would contain up to 1,750 new residential dwelling units. The residential units provided by the project would be expected to result in direct population growth. Growth inducement potential can be measured through evaluating consistency with regional growth projections. SCAG policies concerning regional growth-inducement are included as part of Section 3.9, Land Use and Planning, and Section 3.11, Population and Housing, in this Draft EIR. As described in those sections, the growth anticipated by SCAG’s projections for regional growth in the project area can accommodate the increases in population and housing anticipated over the project’s buildout period. This growth would result in the potential for environmental effects (specifically to aesthetics, air quality, biological resources, cultural resources, geology and soils, greenhouse gas emissions, hazards and hazardous materials, hydrology and water quality, land use and planning, noise, population and housing, public services, transportation and traffic, and utilities and water supply assessment), as noted in this EIR. However, these potential impacts can be reduced to less than significant levels with the implementation of the mitigation measures recommended in this Draft EIR, except for temporary construction noise (project and cumulative levels), operational emissions for reactive organic gases (ROG), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxides (CO) (project and cumulative levels), and transportation (project and cumulative levels). Indirect Growth-Inducing Impacts in the Surrounding Environment A project would indirectly induce growth if it would increase the capacity of infrastructure in an area in which the public service currently meets demand. Examples would be increasing the capacity of local utilities or roadway improvements beyond that needed to meet existing demand. Altair Specific Plan 6-2 ESA / 211247 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 6. Other CEQA Considerations The project proposes to provide amendments to the General Plan and zoning code, which modifies the City’s existing land use and could potentially increase the City’s infrastructure to service the project. However, development of land use and infrastructure that are proposed by the project would not be considered as resulting in significant indirect growth-inducing effects as the project does not include roadway or infrastructure improvements beyond that needed to meet the demand of the project, but instead focuses on meeting the project’s demands and increasing alternative mobility opportunities. The project could potentially induce indirect population growth through the creation of jobs and increased residential opportunities. However, this growth would occur incrementally over the buildout horizon and is consistent with SCAG projections for regional growth. As noted, the project would result in minimal job creation that would be adequately met by the existing population. The project would, therefore, not result in substantial indirect growth inducement. 6.2 Significant Irreversible Environmental Changes Section 21100(b)(2)(B) of the CEQA Statutes and Section 15126.2(c) of the CEQA Guidelines require that an EIR analyze the extent to which the proposed project’s primary and secondary effects would impact the environment and commit nonrenewable resources to uses that future generations would not be able to reverse. “Significant irreversible environmental changes” include the use of nonrenewable natural resources during the initial and continued phases of the project, should this use result in the unavailability of these resources in the future. Primary impacts and, particularly, secondary impacts generally commit future generations to similar uses. Also, irreversible damage can result from environmental accidents associated with projects. Irretrievable commitments of these resources are required to be evaluated in an EIR to ensure that such consumption is justified (CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.2(c)). Approval of the project would cause irreversible environmental changes consisting of the following: • Commitment of land that will be physically altered to create residential and commercial uses, roadways, and other site amenities. The relatively small commitment of land to these uses is considered less than significant when compared to other development in a local and regional context, and the surrounding urban built environment. Residential development that could occur on the site under current zoning could potentially increase. However, this would be insignificant when compared to other residential development in the surrounding urban built environment. • Alteration of the human environment as a consequence of the development process. The project, which represents a commitment of land to mixed use including residential, commercial, retail, office, employment, recreation, and arts related uses, changes the primarily commercial and light industrial uses previously approved on the project site. Upon the adoption of the General Plan Amendment, the project uses would be in conformance with the land use designations for the project site. • Increased requirements of public services and utilities for the project, which represents a permanent commitment of these resources. Service providers have indicated adequate supply of water to service the project and the ability to provide fire protection, police Altair Specific Plan 6-3 ESA / 211247 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 6. Other CEQA Considerations protection, emergency medical service, and solid waste services. Wastewater facilities would require some increase in capacity to accommodate the project at buildout. (See Sections 3.12, Public Services, and 3.14, Utilities.) • Use of various nonrenewable natural resources for project construction and operations, such as diesel, gasoline, or oil for construction equipment and natural gas or other fossil fuels used to provide power and heating sources to the proposed residential, commercial, and institutional uses. The energy consumed in developing and maintaining the site may be considered a permanent investment. The project would not use nonrenewable fossil fuels at a greater rate than other typical specific plan projects in the area. If this project were not to occur, similar resources would likely be used to develop the project site per the site’s existing zoning. The project would not increase the overall rate of use of any nonrenewable natural resource or result in the substantial depletion of any nonrenewable resource. In addition, the project incorporates measures that promote energy conservation and reduce consumption of fossil fuels such as, onsite renewable energy and/or increased energy efficiency building standards (Section 3.2, Air Quality), and site design and other measures that would reduce vehicle miles traveled (i.e. pedestrian trails, bikeways, compact residential development within walking distance of Old Town, trolley service between Altair and Old Town). • Use of various renewable natural resources, such as water, lumber, and soil, for potential construction and operations. The project is a relatively minor consumer of these supplies when compared to other local and regional users. The project’s use of reclaimed water for landscaping would also reduce demand for potable water. The project would not increase the overall rate of use of any renewable natural resource or result in the substantial depletion of any renewable resource. 6.3 Significant Unavoidable Impacts As required by CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.2(b), an EIR must describe any significant impacts that cannot be avoided, including those impacts that can be mitigated but not reduced to a less than significant level. Chapter 3 of this Draft EIR describes the potential environmental impacts of the project and recommends mitigation measures to reduce impacts, where feasible. As discussed in this Draft EIR, implementation of the project would result in significant impacts to aesthetics, air quality, biological resources, cultural resources, hazards and hazardous materials, land use and planning, greenhouse gas emissions, hydrology and water quality, noise and vibration, and transportation and traffic. However, most of these impacts would be mitigated to below a level of significance with implementation of mitigation measures identified in this EIR. The significant impacts that cannot be mitigated to a less than significant level and, therefore, are considered significant, unavoidable impacts are related to temporary construction noise (project and cumulative levels), operational emissions for ROG, NOx, and CO (project and cumulative levels), greenhouse gas emissions (cumulative), and transportation and traffic (project and cumulative levels). These unavoidable adverse impacts would require a Statement of Overriding Consideration by the City. Altair Specific Plan 6-4 ESA / 211247 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 6. Other CEQA Considerations 6.4 Environmental Effects Found Not to Be Significant The Initial Study prepared for the project to focus the scope of the Draft EIR is provided in Appendix A. Issues that were scoped out and that are not addressed in Chapter 3 of this Draft EIR are addressed below. Agriculture and Forest Resources The project site does not contain existing agricultural uses nor does it contain any Forest Land, Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance. The project would not result in the conversion of any land zoned for agricultural uses or land that is under a Williamson Act contract. Mineral Resources The project site does not contain significant mineral resources nor is it located within a locally important mineral resource recovery site. The State Geologist has given the city of Temecula a classification of MRZ-3a. MRZ-3 areas contain sedimentary deposits that have the potential for supplying sand and gravel for concrete and crusted stone for aggregate. However, these areas are not considered to contain mineral resources of significant economic value. The project would not result in the loss of any known mineral resources or the loss of an available, locally important mineral resource recovery site. Altair Specific Plan 6-5 ESA / 211247 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 CHAPTER 7 Acronyms, References, and Preparers 7.1 Acronyms Used in This Report AAMP South Coast Air Quality Management Plan AB Assembly Bill ACI American Concrete Institute ACM asbestos-containing material ADI area of direct impact ADT Average Daily Traffic AF acre-feet AFY acre-feet per year AISC American Institute of Steel Construction AMSL Above Mean Sea Level ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ATCM Airborne Toxics Control Measure AQMP Air Quality Management Plan BAU “business as usual” BMPs Best Management Practices CAA Clean Air Act CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards CAC California Administrative Code CAT Climate Action Team CalEEMod California Emissions Estimator Model CalEPA California Environmental Protection Agency CALGreen California Green Building Standards Code Caltrans California Department of Transportation CAL FIRE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Altair Specific Plan 7-1 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers CalOSHA California Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration CAP Climate Action Plan CAPCOA California Air Pollution Control Officers Association CARB California Air Resources Board CASSA Criteria Area Plant Species Survey Area CBC California Building Code CCAA California Clean Air Act CCAT California Climate Action Team CCR California Code of Regulations CDFG California Department of Fish and Game CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CESA California Endangered Species Act CFC California Fire Code CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons CFR Code of Federal Regulations CH4 Methane CHP California Highway Patrol CHAPIS Community Health Air Pollution Information System CIP Capital Improvements Project City City of Temecula Cl Chlorine CMP Congestion Management Program CMS Congestion Management System CNDDB California Natural Diversity CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level CNPPA California Native Plant Protection Act CNPS California Native Plant Society CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide CO2/yr Tons of Carbon Dioxide per year CO2E Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Altair Specific Plan 7-2 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers CTR California Toxics rule CUP Conditional Use Permit CUPA Certified Unified Program Agency CWA Clean Water Act DBESP Determination of Biologically Significant or Preservation dB Decibels dBA A-Weighted Decibels DEH Department of Environmental Health DHS California Department of Health Services DIF Developer Impact Fees DNL 24-hour Day and Night A-weighted Noise Exposure Level DPM diesel particulate matter DPR California Department of Parks and Recreation DTSC Department of Toxic Substances Control DWR Department of Water Resources EIC Eastern Information Center EIR Environmental Impact Report EMWD Eastern Municipal Water District EPO Environmental Protection and Oversight Division EPZ Emergency Planning Zone ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas ESA Environmental Science Associates ESA Endangered Species Act F fluoride FAR Floor Area Ratio FCAA Federal Clean Air Act FCAAA Federal Clean Air Act Amendments Fed/OSHA U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FESA Federal Endangered Species Act FHWA Federal Highway Administration FICON Federal Interagency Committee on Noise Altair Specific Plan 7-3 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers FIP Federal Implementation Plan FTA Federal Transit Administration GPD Gallons Per Day GPM Gallons Per Minute GHG Greenhouse Gases GWP Global Warming Potential H High Density HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant HCM2000 Highway Capacity Manual HCP Habitat Conservation Plan HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons HDR High Density HMMP Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan HOV High Occupancy Vehicle HPD Historic Property Directory HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HWMP Hazardous Waste Management Plan Hz Hertz I-15 Interstate 15 IBC International Building Code ICU Intensive care unit IPZ Ingestion Pathway Zone IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRP Integrated Resources Plan ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers JRMP City of Temecula Jurisdictional Runoff Management Plan KOP Key Observation Point L50 median sound level L90 noise level that is equaled or exceeded 90 percent of the specified time period LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LCFS Low Carbon Fuel Standard Ldn ambient noise level without project Altair Specific Plan 7-4 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers LDR Low Density LDMF Local Development Mitigation fees Leq Equivalent Sound Level LF Linear Feet LID Low Impact Development LM Low Medium Density Residential Lmax Instantaneous maximum noise level LOS Level of Service LST Localized Significance Thresholds LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tank M Medium Density M Richter magnitude MAF Million acre-feet MATES III Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study III MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act MCA Medieval Climatic Anomaly MCAA The National Register-listed Murrieta Creek Archaeological Area MCL Maximum contaminant level MDR Medium Density MGD million gallons per day MG/L Milligrams per liter MLD Most Likely Descendant MMRP Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program MMT Million Metric Tons MPH miles per hour MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization MSCHP Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheet MT metric tons N2O nitrous oxide NAHC Native American Heritage Commission NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Statements Altair Specific Plan 7-5 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers NCCP Natural Community Conservation Program (Act) NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NEPA National Environmental Protection Act NEPSSA Narrow Endemic Plant Species Survey Area NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NHTSA National Highway Safety Administration NOI Notice of Intent NOP Notice of Preparation NO Nitric Oxide NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NOx Nitrogen Oxides NPDES National Pollution Discharge Elimination System O3 Ozone OEHHA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment OES Office of Emergency Services OHP California Office of Historic Preservation Ordinance 655 Palomar Lighting Ordinance OPR California Office of Planning and Research PPCB polychlorinated biphenyl Pb Lead PEA Preliminary Endangerment Assessment PEZ Public Education Zone PFCs Perflourocarbons PM Particulate Matter PM10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or less PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less ppm parts per million PPV peak particle velocity PRC Public Resources Code QSD Qualified SWPPP Developer QSP Qualified SWPPP Practitioner RCA Regional Conservation Authority Altair Specific Plan 7-6 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers RCFD Riverside County Fire Department RCDEH Riverside County Department of Environmental Health RCHCA Riverside County Habitat Conservation Agency RCIP Riverside County Integrated Plan RCLS Riverside County Library System RCP Regional Comprehensive Plan RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCSD Riverside County Sheriff Department RCTC Riverside County Transportation Committee RCWD Rancho California Water District RCFD Riverside County Fire Department RGO Retail Gasoline Outlets RHNA Regional Housing Needs Assessment RIVTAM Riverside Traffic Analysis Model RMS Root Mean Square ROC Reactive Organic Compounds ROG reactive organic gases ROW right-of-way RTP Regional Transportation Plan RTP/SCS Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy RTIP Regional Transportation Improvement Program RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board SAR IPCC’s 1996 Second Assessment Report SB Senate Bill SB Southbound SCAB South Coast Air Basin SCAG Southern California Association of Governments SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCH State Clearinghouse SF6 sulfur hexafluoride sf square feet SFHA Special Flood Hazard Areas Altair Specific Plan 7-7 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer SIP State Implementation Plan SLF Sacred Land File SO2 sulfur dioxide SO3 sulfur trioxide SO4 Sulfate SONGS San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station SR-74 State Route 74 SR-79 State Route 79 SR-243 State Route 243 SRWF Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility STP shovel test pits SVP Society for Vertebrate Paleontology SWMP Storm Water Management Plan SWP State Water Project SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board Title 24 California Standards Code TAC toxic air contaminant TCP Traditional Cultural Property TDM Transportation Demand Management TDS Total Dissolved Solids TIA Traffic Impact Analysis TMC Temecula Municipal Code TMDL Total Maximum Daily Loads TPY tons per year TRB Transportation Research Board TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act TSF total square footage TTM Tentative Tract Map TUMF Traffic Uniform Mitigation Fee TVH Temecula Valley Hospital Altair Specific Plan 7-8 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers TVRWRF Temecula Valley Water Reclamation Facility TVUSD Temecula Valley Unified School District UBC Uniform Building Code µg/m3 micrograms per cubic meter UHS Universal Health Services UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USDOT U.S. Department of Transportation USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Society USAR Urban Search and Rescue USPS U.S. Postal Service UWIG Urban Wildland Interface Guidelines V/C Volume-to-Capacity Ratio VdB Decibel notation VHDR Very High Density VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled WDR Waste Discharge Requirement WQIP Water Quality Improvement Plan WQMP Water Quality Management Plan WMWD Western Municipal Water District WRCOG Western Riverside Council of Governments MSHCP Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan VOCs volatile organic compound Altair Specific Plan 7-9 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers 7.2 References Aesthetics Caltrans, 2011. California Scenic Highway Mapping System. Riverside County. Updated September 7, 2011. Available at: http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/LandArch/scenic_highways/index.htm. Accessed March 12, 2015. Air Quality Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), 2009. Revised Draft Options and Justification Report California Environmental Quality Act Thresholds of Significance. October. California Air Resources Board (CARB), 2013a. Area Designation Maps/State and National. Available at: www.arb.ca.gov/desig/adm/adm.htm/. Accessed March 30, 2015. CARB, 2013b. Ambient Air Quality Standards. Last revised: June 4, 2013. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/aaqs2.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2015. CARB, 2009. The California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality – 2009 Edition. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqd/almanac/almanac09/almanac09.htm. CARB, 2004. Proposed List of Measures to Reduce Particulate Matter – PM10 and PM2.5 (Implementation of Senate Bill 656, Sheer 2003). October 18, 2004. City of Temecula, 2015. Temecula Municipal Code. Title 18.Construction, Grading and Encroachments Chapter 18.06 Grading Permit, Applications and Requirements. Section 18.06.33 Dust Control and Prevention Plan. Updated May, 2015. Available at: http://www.qcode.us/codes/temecula/. City of Temecula, 2005. City of Temecula General Plan. Air Quality Element. Adopted in 1993, updated 2005. Environmental Science Associates (ESA), 2015. Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report. April, 2015. Fehr & Peers, 2015. Altair Specific Plan Traffic Impact Analysis. April, 2015. South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), 2013a, 2012, 2011a. Historical Data By Year. Available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/home/library/air-quality-data- studies/historical-data-by-year. Accessed March 30, 2015. SCAQMD, 2013b. Final 2012 Air Quality Management Plan. February, 2013. SCAQMD, 2011b. SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds. Available at http://www.aqmd.gov/CEQA/handbook/signthres.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2015. SCAQMD, 2009. Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, Appendix C – Mass Rate LST Look-up Tables. Published 2003, revised October 21, 2009 Altair Specific Plan 7-10 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers SCAQMD, 2008. Mates III Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study. September, 2008. .Available at:http://www3.aqmd.gov/webappl/matesiii/. Accessed April, 2015. SCAQMD, 2007. Final 2007 Air Quality Management Plan. June, 2007. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2013. The Greenbook Nonattainment Areas for Criteria Pollutants. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/air/oaqps/greenbk/index.html. Accessed March 30, 2015. Biological Resources Altair Project 2015. Altair Acreage Consistency Analysis. May 7, 2015. Cain, A. T. 1999. Bobcat use of Highway Crossing Structures and Habitat use near a Highway Expansion in Southern Texas. Thesis paper submitted to the College of Graduate Studies, Texas A&M University-Kingsville in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. December, 1999. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), 2015. California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB). Biogeographic Data Branch California Department of Fish and Wildlife [commercial version Rarefind 5]. Accessed February 19, 2015. California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Rare Plant Program. 2015. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (online edition, v8-02). California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. Available at: http://www.rareplants.cnps.org . Accessed 20 January 2015. City of Temecula, 2009. Final Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration Western Bypass Bridge Project (SCH# 2009061038). July, 2009. Crooks, K. 1999. Mammalian Carnivores, Mesopredator Release, and Avifaunal Extinctions In A Fragmented System. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of California Santa Cruz. Dickson, BG, JS Jenness, and P. Beier. 2004. Influence of Vegetation, Roads, and Topography On Cougar Movement In Southern California. Journal of Wildlife Management 69(1):264- 276. Dickson, B. G., and P. Beier. 2002. Home-Range and Habitat Selection by Adult Cougars in Southern California. Journal of Wildlife Management. 66:1235-1245. Giessow, J., and P. Zedler. 1996. The Effects of Fire Frequency and Firebreaks on the Abundance and Species Richness of Exotic Plant Species in Coastal Sage Scrub. California Exotic Pest Plant Council. 1996 Symposium Proceedings. Berkeley, California. Helix Environmental Planning Inc. (Helix), 2014a. Least Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) Survey Report for the Altair Project in the City of Temecula, Riverside County, California. August 14, 2014. Helix, 2014b. Burrowing Owl Survey Report for the Altair Project in the City of Temecula, Riverside County, California. September 3, 2014. Altair Specific Plan 7-11 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers Helix, 2015a. Altair Project Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan Consistency Report. October 19, 2015. Helix, 2015b. Altair Jurisdictional Delineation Report. April 2015. Helix, 2015c. Linkage 10 Assessment for the Altair Project. Memo addressed to Robert Honer of Ambient Communities from Barry Jones. September 10, 2015. Helix, 2015d. Mountain Lion Corridor Assessment Update for the Altair and Western Bypass Project (JPR 14-05-27-01). Memo addressed to Wade Hall of Ambient Communities from Barry Jones. August 12, 2015. Helix, 2015e. Mountain Lion Corridor Assessment Update for the Altair and Western Bypass Project (JPR 14-05-27-01). Memo addressed to Wade Hall of Ambient Communities from Barry Jones. September 1, 2015. Helix, 2015f. Altair Project Wet Season Fairy Shrimp Survey Report. July 27, 2015. Helix, 2015g. Altair Project Dry Season Fairy Shrimp Survey Report. December 2, 2015. Holland, R. F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California. Non-Game Heritage Program. California Department of Fish and Game. Sacramento, California. Keeley, J.E., and C.J. Fotheringham. 2003. Impact of Past, Present, and Future Fire Regimes on North American Mediterranean Shrublands. In: Fire and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas, edited by T.T. Veblen, W.L. Baker, G. Montenegro, and T.W. Swetnam. Springer-Verlag, New York. Kertson, B.N.R.D. Spencer, J. M. Marzluff, J. Hepinstall-Cymerman, and C.E Grue. 2011. Cougar Space Use and Movements in the Wildland-Urban Landscape of Western Washington. Ecological Applications. 21(8): 2866-2881. Kristan, W.B. III, A.J. Lynam, M.V. Price, and J.T. Rotenberry.2003. Alternative Causes of Edge-Abundance Relationships in Birds And Small Mammals of California Coastal Sage Scrub. Ecography 26:29-44. Radtke, K.W.H. 1983. Living More Safely in the Chaparral-Urban Interface. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experimental Station. General Technical Report PSW-67. Riverside County Environmental Programs Division (EPD). 2006. Burrowing Owl Survey Instructions for the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan Area. March 29, 2006. South Coast Missing Linkages Project (SCML) 2004. SC Wildlands. Santa Ana Palomar Linkage Study. May. Suarez, A.V., D.T. Bolger, and T.J. Case. 1998. Effects of Fragmentation and Invasion on Native Ant Communities in Coastal Southern California. Ecology 79:2041-2056. Altair Specific Plan 7-12 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers Teresa, S. and B.C. Pace. 1998. Planning Sustainable Conservation Projects: Large and Small- Scale Vernal Pool Preserves, Pages 255-262 in: C.W. Witham, E.T. Bauder, D. Belk, W.R. Ferren Jr., and R. Ornduff (Editors).Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Vernal Pool Ecosystems –Proceedings from a 1996 Conference. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. Torres, S.G., T.M. Mansfield, and J. Foley. 1996. Mountain lion depredation and human activity in California: testing speculations. Abstract. Fifth Mountain Lion Workshop. Organized by the California Department of Fish and Game and the Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society, San Diego, California, February 27 - March 1, 1996. United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 2015. GIS Critical Habitat and Species Occurrence Data. Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office. Available at: http://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/gis/cfwogis.html. Accessed February 19, 2015. Van Dyke, F.G., Brocke R.H, H.G. Shaw, B.B. Ackerman, T.P. Hemker, and F.G. Lindzey. 1986. Reactions of Mountain Lions to Logging and Human Activity. Journal of Wildlife Management 50:95-102 Vickers TW, Sanchez JN, Johnson CK, Morrison SA, Botta R, Smith T, et al. 2015. Survival and Mortality of Pumas (Puma concolor) in a Fragmented, Urbanizing Landscape. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0131490. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131490 Vickers, Winston. 2014. Email from Dr. Winston Victor to Matt Peters entitled "RE: Map of the Murrieta Creek Development Area", addressing Mountain Lion wildlife corridor impacts from the Altair Project. November 6, 2014. Western Riverside Regional Conservation Authority (RCA). 2014. Email correspondence from Ms. Laurie Dobson providing comments on MSHCP Consistency Analysis. November 10, 2014. RCA, 2004. Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP). 2004. http://rctlma.org/Portals/0/mshcp/volume1/index.html. Accessed February 19, 2015. Cultural Resources Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), 2009. Section 106 Archaeological Guidance. Available at: http://www.achp.gov/archguide/. Accessed July 1, 2015. Bean, Lowell John, and Florence C. Shipek, 1978. Luiseño in California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 550-563. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Blackburn, T., 1966. Site Record for CA-RIV-270, on file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Bonner, W.H., 1988. Site Record Update for CA-RIV-2134, document on file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Altair Specific Plan 7-13 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers Bowles, L.L., 1982a. Site Update for CA-RIV-50, on file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Bowles, L.L., 1982b. Site Update for CA-RIV-270, on file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Bowles, L.L., 1982c. Site Record for CA-RIV-2134, document on file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Byrd, Brian F., and L. Mark Raab, 2007. Prehistory of the Southern Bight: Models for a New Millennium. In California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, edited by Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, pp 215-227. AltaMira Press, Lanham, MD. Bibb, Leland E., 1972. The Location of the Indian Village of Temecula. Journal of San Diego History 18(3). Available at: www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/91fall/temecula.htm. Accessed June 20, 2012. Brigandi, Phil, 2012. A Short History of Temecula, Temecula Valley Museum. Available at: www.temeculahistoricalsociety.org/temeculahistory.html. Accessed June 18, 2012. City of Temecula , 2011. The History of Temecula. Available at: www.cityoftemecula.org/temecula/History. Accessed September 4, 2012. Chartkoff,, Joe, Kerry Chartkoff, and Laurie Kona, 1965. Site Update for CA-RIV-50, on file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. CHJ, Inc. 2003. Geotechnical Investigation, Proposed Lago Bellagio Senior Project, Parcel Map No. 8856, Parcel Nos. 1 and 2, North Corner of Pala Road and Loma Linda Road, Temecula, California. Job No. 03356-3. Prepared for Construction Resource Group, Inc. On file, ESA, Los Angeles. Cook, Sherburne F., 1978. Historical Demography, In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 91-98, Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Drover, Christopher E., and Diana G. Pinto, 1991. Data Recovery at Tonan Ranch CA-RIV-3410. Prepared for Old Vail Partners and Presley Homes. On file, ESA, Los Angeles. DuBois, Constance Goddard, 1908. The Religion of the Luiseño Indians of Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. 8:69-173. Berkeley. Ehringer, Candace, Michael Vader, and Christopher Lockwood, 2015. Altair Specific Plan EIR Project, Temecula, Riverside County, California Archaeological Investigation Report, prepared by Environmental Science Associates for the City of Temecula. Elliott, Eric. 1999. Luiseño Dictionary. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, San Diego. Updated version, in author's possession. Englehardt, Fr. ZephYRin, O.F.M., 1924. Mission San Luis Rey. James H. Berry, Co., San Francisco. Altair Specific Plan 7-14 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016 7. Acronyms, References, and Preparers Gallegos, Dennis, 2002. Southern California in Transition: Late Holocene Occupation of Southern San Diego County, in Catalysts to Complexity: Late Holocene Societies on the California Coast, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Terry L. Jones, pp 27-40. Perspectives in California Archaeology Vol. 6, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, 2002. Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, 2005. Tribal Consultation Guidelines, April 15, 2005, Available at: http://www.opr.ca.gov/SB182004.html. Accessed October 16, 2012. Grenda, Donn, 1997. Continuity and Change: 8,500 Years of Lacustrine Adaptation on the Shores of Lake Elsinore. Statistical Research Inc. (SRI) Technical Series 59, SRI, Tucson, Arizona. Helmich, Mary A., 2008. The Butterfield Overland Mail Company, California State Parks. Available at: http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/22491/files/the_butterfield_overland_mail_stagecoach_day s.pdf. Accessed June 9, 2011. Historicaerials.com, 2013. [Photo search for years 1938, 1947, 1967, 1978, 1996, and 2005]. Available at: http://www.historicaerials.com/. Accessed 2013. Horne, Melinda C., and Dennis P. McDougall, 2003. Cultural Resources Study for the City of Riverside General Plan 2025 Update Program EIR. 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Candace Ehringer Courtney Casey Eric Schniewind Ian Hillway Heather Dubois Hunter Connell Jason Nielsen Jack Hutchison Julie Fontaine Kelly Ross Kimberly Comacho Laura Rocha Linda Uehara Monica Strauss Madeline Bray Michelle Irace Terrance Wong Arabesque Abdelwahed Transportation Consultant Christopher Gray and Nathan Schmidt Fehr & Peers 8141 Kaiser Boulevard, Suite 110 Anaheim, CA 92808 Altair Specific Plan 7-25 ESA / 140106 Draft Environmental Impact Report May 2016